版2019版高考英语大一轮复习单元检测卷23Unit3Lifeinthefuture新人教版必修.doc

Unit 3 Life in the future .阅读理解AWhy do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic(神经质的) than other people. Longerliving women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more selfdisciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those badtempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mothers personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when were adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isnt destiny, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isnt just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.语篇导读本文为说明文，阐述了影响长寿的因素。1According to the author, outgoing and sympathetic people _.Ahave a good understanding of evolutionBare probably more active and neuroticCare more likely to recover from hardshipDgenerally appear more resourceful解析 C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，那些喜欢交朋友并且喜欢帮助他人的人能够收集到足够的资源，度过艰难时期，故选C项。2What finding of the study might be out of our expectation?AHelpful people can live a relatively long life.BBeing selfdiscipline makes no difference to longevity.CReadiness to accept new ideas offers more possibilities to enjoy longevity.DPersonality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.解析 B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，那些自律的人，并没有更大的可能性能够长寿，故选B项。3What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?AMothers anxiety may affect their childrens life spans.BPeople with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die at a young age.CMothers may have a longer influence on children than fathers.DChildrens personality characteristics are always shaped by their mothers.解析 A推理判断题。第五段主要通过一项针对近28 000名挪威母亲的研究阐述了母亲的性格特征对人的影响，即母亲越焦虑、沮丧和愤怒，就越可能喂给孩子不健康的饮食，孩子由此形成的不良饮食习惯会一直延续到成年之后的生活，这种根深蒂固的不良饮食习惯使得人短寿，故选A项。4What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?AAnxiety and depression more often than not cut short ones life span.BA persons lifestyle is largely related to his or her health. CPersonality plays a decisive and significant role in how healthy one is.DA mixture of mental and physical health produces longevity.解析 D细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，两项研究都表明，长寿不仅仅是身体健康的问题，而且是精神健康的问题。也就是说，精神和身体上的健康造就了长寿，故选D项。BWhy do human beings still risk their lives under ground doing one of the dirtiest and most dangerous jobs in the world? Its an increasingly urgent question, given the recent highprofile(引人注目的) mining accidents in Sago, WVa., and Huntington, Utah. A small group of engineers and robotics experts envision(展望) a day in the nottoodistant future when robots and other technology do most of the dangerous mining work.One of the first mining robots was developed five years ago at CarnegieMellon Universitys Robotics Institute. It was called Groundhog and it looked like a golf cart. It used lasers to “see” in dark tunnels and map abandoned minessome of the most dangerous work in the business. The latest prototype is called Cave Crawler. Its a bit smaller than Groundhog, and even more advanced. It can take photos and videos and has sensors mounted(装置) that can detect the presence of dangerous gases. Incredibly, the robot has a real sense of logic. If it comes across an obstacle, it gets momentarily confused, it has to think through the process and where to go next, and sometimes it _throws_a_fit_ just like a real person.The biggest obstacle，though，is cost. The original research project was federally funded, but that money has dried up, and its not clear where future funding will come from. Partly for that reason, and partly because of advances in safety, mining is not nearly as dangerous as it was in the past. Since 1990, deaths have declined by 67 percent, and injuries by 51 percent, according to the National Mining Association. Some experts predict that robots in mines will serve much of the same function that they do in the automotive industry. The robots do the most repetitive and dangerous jobs, but dont eliminate the need for human workers.语篇导读本文为说明文，介绍了可代替人类从事挖煤等危险工作的矿山机器人。5The phrase “throws a fit” in the third paragraph probably means_.Agets angry Bgets shockedCbecomes excited Dbecomes cheerful解析 A词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句可知，在障碍不能被解决时，矿山机器人有时也会像人一样大发脾气，故选A项。6The latest robot is more advanced than Groundhog mainly because_.Ait can map abandoned minesBits a bit smaller than GroundhogCit can see in the dark tunnelDthe robot has a real sense of logic解析 D细节理解题。根据第三段第四句可知，最新型机器人具有真实的逻辑能力。A项和C项是第一代机器人的特点；B项是先进的地方之一，但不是主要的，故选D项。7We can infer from the last paragraph that_.Athe mine robots will have a very bright futureBrobots in mines will serve much in the automotive industryCthere will be no need for human workers in minesDrobots in mines have a long way to go解析 A推理判断题。根据第五段的robots in mines will serve much of the same function that they do in the automotive industry可推知，矿山机器人前景广阔，故选A项。8Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?AHighprofile Mining Accidents in AmericaBCould Robots Replace Humans in Mines?CThe Development of RobotDCave Crawler, the Latest Robot解析 B标题归纳题。第一段引入话题：矿山机器人；第二、三段：矿山机器人发展；第四段：矿山机器人的研发存在的障碍；第五段：虽然有障碍但专家预测矿山机器人的前景广阔，故选B项。.语法填空A teahouse is a special house which primarily serves tea and other light refreshments. Its function varies widely 1_depending_ (depend) on the culture. In China, a teahouse is a place 2_where_ people gather to enjoy tea, chat and socialize. It 3_is considered_ (consider) as a symbol of Chinese tea culture and peoples leisure lives.Chinese teahouses enjoy a longstanding history. They developed from tea 4_stands_ (stand) in the Western Jin dynasty, took shape in the Tang dynasty, developed 5_gradually_ (gradual) in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and became booming in modern times.In the Song dynasty, teahouses existed all over cities and villages, 6_at_ a rate comparable with that of restaurants. The owners preferred to decorate their teahouses with paintings of celebrities and rare and precious plants 7_to attract_ (attract) customers. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the number of teahouses went beyond that of restaurants, gaining more 8_popularity_ (popular) and becoming more famous. Later, the acculturation(文化移入) of western culture forced traditional Chinese teahouses to take on 9_a_ new look. After reform and openingup, with the rapid development of the economy and 10_evident_ (evidence) improvement of peoples living standards, teahouses, flowered in China.语篇导读本文为说明文，介绍了代表中国茶文化的茶馆的作用及其发展历史。1depending解析 考查非谓语动词。句意：茶馆的功能根据文化(的不同)而有很大的变化。depend与其逻辑主语Its function之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。2where解析 考查连词。句意：在中国，茶馆是人们聚集在一起喝茶、聊天和进行社交的地方。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a place，且在从句中作地点状语，故用where。3is considered解析 考查时态和语态。句意：它被看作是中国茶文化和人们闲暇生活的象征。此处描述客观事实，故用一般现在时；It与consider之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。4stands解析 考查名词的数。句意：中国茶馆的发展起源于西晋时期的茶摊。本题难度较大，因为考生只知道stand作动词的用法，但在此处stand作名词，意为“货摊”，且为可数名词，故填stands。5gradually解析 考查词性转换。茶馆在宋朝、元朝、明朝和清朝逐步发展。副词作状语修饰动词developed。6at解析 考查介词。以一种能与餐馆相媲美的速度。rate多与介词at连用，表示“以的速度”。7to attract解析 考查非谓语动词。动词不定式作目的状语。8popularity解析 考查词性转换。句意：在明朝和清朝，茶馆的数量超过了餐馆的数量，变得更受欢迎也更有名。根据空前的gaining more可知，此处应填名词。9a解析 考查冠词。句意：西方文化的移入迫使中国传统的茶馆呈现出了新面貌。look作“样子，外观”讲时为可数名词，且此处表示泛指，故其前要有不定冠词a。take on a new look呈现出新面貌。10evident解析 考查词性转换。句意：改革开放以后，随着经济的快速发展和人们生活水平的显著提高，茶馆在中国遍地开花。形容词作定语修饰名词improvement。.短文改错Once, when I was a teenager, my father and I were standing in line to buy tickets for the circus. Finally, there was only one family us and the ticket counter.This family made deep impression on me.There were eight children, probably under the age of twelve. You could tell they didnt have a lot of money. Their clothes not expensive, they were clean. The children were wellbehaved, all of standing in line, twobytwo behind their parents, hands. They were excitedly talking about the clowns, elephants and performances where that they would see that night. Everyone could sense they never been to the circus before. 解析 两者之间用betweenand。 解析 make/leave a deep impression on sb给某人留下深刻的印象。 解析 此处表示三者以上，故用all。 解析 clothes是复数，故be动词用were。 解析 not expensive与clean是转折的关系，故用but。 解析 此处指的是the children，故用代词them。 解析 the children与hold是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。 解析 another指的是另一，再一，后常接单数名词。此处指的是其他的表演。other其他的，后接名词复数。 解析 此处是that引导的定语从句，performances是先行词，where多余。 解析 主