江西省安福县城关中学九年级英语全册《Unit 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left Grammar Focus》课件 人教新目标版.ppt

Unit 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.,Section A Grammar Focus,概念 过去完成时表示以过去某个时间为标准, 在此之前发生的动作或行为, 或在过去某 动作之前完成的行为, 即“过去的过去 ”。,过去完成时,构成 过去完成时的基本结构为“助动词had(用于各种人称和数) + 动词的过去分词”； 否定句在had后加not； 疑问句则将had提到句首。,By the time I got outside, the bus had already left. 当我到外面时,公共汽车已经离开了。 He hadnt finished his homework by yesterday evening. 到昨天晚上的时候, 他还没完成他的作业。 How many letters had you received by nine oclock last night? 到昨晚九点,你收到了多少封信？,用法(1) 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中, 通常用过去完成时。 She said (that) she had never been to Shanghai. 她说她从来没去过上海。,(2) 在状语从句中, 在过去不同的时间发生的两 个动作, 发生在先的用过去完成时；发生在后的, 用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thief had already run away. 当警察到时, 小偷已经跑掉了。,(3) 当句子中出现by, by then, by that time, by the end of last month, by the time等时间状语时, 通常用过去完成时。 He had already worked for eight hours by that time. 到那时, 他已经工作了八个小时。 By the time I got there, the meeting had already ended. 我到那里时, 会议已经结束了。,过去完成时态和现在完成时态的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”； 过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较：,I have learned 1,000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 I had learned 1,000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。,过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点： 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调 “过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较： They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.,2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓 语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文 来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生 的则用一般过去时。如： She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.,3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需 用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另 外，在 before, after, as soon as 引导的 从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出 时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代 替过去完成时。如： He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.,用所给动词的适当形式填空 By the time he _ (get) to the bus stop, the bus _ already _ (leave). 2. When she got to the school, the bell _ already _ (ring). 3. I _ (finish) my homework before my mother came back. 答案：1. got；had；left 2. had；rung 3. had finished,4. He didnt go to the movies because he _ (see )it twice. 5. She told the teacher that she _ (forget )to do her homework. 6. When she got to cinema, the film _ (be) on for nearly half an hour. 答案：4. had seen 5. had forgotten 6. had been,用所给词的适当时态填空。 1. We _ just _ (have) breakfast when you came to our house. 2. They are _ (leave) Shanghai for Beijing tomorrow. 3. I _ (not find) the gold ring until last night. 4. Mary _ (not be) invited to the party but she came yesterday.,had,had,leaving,hadnt found,wasnt,选择正确答案。 1. In order to study in the USA, my son _ English now. A. learns B. is learning C. has learned D. is learned 2. We _ English for more than two years, and we are still studying it now. A. study B. studied C. have studied D. had studied,3. We _ them play basketball yesterday. A. see B. saw C. had seen D. have seen 4. They _ a lot of kites in their classroom by last Sunday. A. were made B. had made C. are made D. have make,【2011乌鲁木齐】34.The meeting _ by the time I got there yesterday. was on B. has been on C. had begun D. has begun 【答案】C 【解析】时态的考察 “我昨天到哪儿”是过去，“会议开始在我到哪儿之前”应是过去的过去。故用过去完成时。,中考链接,【2011湖北武汉】 27. Tom was so careless that he _ his right arm when he was riding to school. A. hurts B. hurt C. has hurt D. had hurt 答案： B 【解析】 考查时态。句意：汤姆是如此不小心，以致当他骑车去上学时，伤着了他的右臂。由句意可知，是主动语态，由主句的谓语动词was可知，用过去时。,【2010甘肃兰州】39. The plane _ when we got to the airport. A. had taken off B. was taken off C. will take off D. is taking off 【解析】本题考查过去完成时的用法。“当他们赶到机场时，飞机已经起飞了。”故用过去完成时表示动作发生在过去的过去。选A。,【2012湖北襄阳】36. Why was he late for school yesterday? He overslept. By the time he got to the bus stop, the bus _ already _. A. was, leaving B. has, left C. would, leave D. had, left 【2012绵阳市】6. When I called the bus service, I _ that there was no more bus. A. was telling B. was told C. has told D. had told,【2012浙江杭州】25. Mark _ in China for 10 years and now he teaches Chinese in Britain A. has worked B. worked C. had worked D. is working 【2012浙江嘉兴】23. Mike, why are you watching TV again? I _ my homework. A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished,【2012浙江宁波】28. Could you tell me what he sai