非谓语动-整理课件.doc

中国人民大学 范国鹏非谓语动词非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。不定式，动名词，分词非谓语动词 不定式部分：Eg: 不定式的进行式I noticed (that he seemed to be smoking a lot.)宾语从句不定式的完成式Im sorry not to have come on Thursday.不定式的完成式（被动）Nothing seems to have been forgotten.不定式的一般式Itisnoteasy tofigureouttheanswertothedifficultmathproblem.不定式的一般式（被动）She ought to be told about it. 动词不定式的复合结构 如需指出不定式动作的发出者时（即逻辑主语时）要在不定式前用for加名词（或代词）表示。 It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。It was wise of him to do that在感官动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有：feel, notice, hear, observe, listen to, perceive, overhear, see, look at, watch等eg: We felt （to）the house shake.To”务必省略I heard the clock strike twelve last night.I saw him come.Did you notice anything peculiar?The police have been observing his movementsI am not prepared to stay and listen to these outrageous insultsWe perceived that we were unwelcome and left.I overheard them saying they were unhappy.Look at the workmanship on the carved deskWe sat there watching basketball.另一类是某些使役动词，如make, let, have等。上述感官动词与使役动词转换成被动结构时，其后的不定式一般须带to。Eg: He was seen to come.在do nothing/ anything/ everything but (except)结构中省toJohn will do anything but work on a farm.但是谓语动词不是do时，but(except)后跟的不定式则仍须带to。Eg:The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.疑问词who, what, which, when, where, how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。When to start has not been decided.why do表示说话人对某个动作或行为的否定或异议；“why not do”表示提出建议或劝告。Why stand up if you can sit down?非谓语动词 动名词部分一般主动式：We shall appreciate _hearing_ from you soon. 一般完成式：表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生时，用动名词的完成时。He denied having been there.一般完成式：表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生时，用动名词的完成时He was punished by being sent to bed without any supper.被动完成式：The safe(保险箱) showed no signs of having been touched.动名词的逻辑主语 在动名词必须表明它是谁的动作时，通常要在它前面加上名词所有格或代词的形容词性物主代词，作为它的正式主语。有时可用普通格来代替。Johns coming home from abroad is a great event.否定词放在动名词之前Sheapologizedfor_hernotbeingableto _toattendthemeeting.有的动词后的to 既可以是不定式符号，又可以是介词，使用时要特别注意。 be accustomed to （习惯于）, adapt to（适于）, attend to （帮助），confess to（承认）, devote to（献身于）, object to (反对) ，be opposed to （反对），be used to (习惯于)，look forward to（盼望）等 eg: I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses. The new students are very slow to adapt to the rules.She didnt attend to what I was saying I confess to being astonished at this unexpected statement. The time he can spare from the adornment of his person he devote to the neglect of his duty. I object to our privacy being invaded.At first he was opposed to the scheme, but we managed to argue him round.Petroleum can be used to produce various chemical productsI look forward to being alone in the house有些动词后面只能接动名词作宾语。如 finish, stand, avoid, miss, suggest, mind, admit, enjoy, delay, practice, consider, deny否认, keep, appreciate, risk风险, propose计划打算, escape, postpone, prevent防止, resist抵抗, dislike, advise, allow, anticipate, defer延期, recall, resent生气（本部分做题注意）有些动词后面既可以带动名词作宾语又可以带不定式作宾语，但意义有差异。 remember, forget, stop, regret, try, mean, like, love, hate, prefer, go on, want（本部分做题注意，补充新概念二册，历年真题，大学英语1，2，3册词汇辨析部分）（本块补充教师课件）非谓语动词 分词部分-ING分词是指由动词原形-ING构成的、具有完成时态和被动语态的一种非谓语动词形式Eg: He whistled as he went.= He rode away whistling.现在分词可以取代近邻的一个动作Eg: He opened the drawer and took out a revolver.= Opening the drawer he took out a revolver.形式：主动形式被动形式现在式doingBeing done过去式done完成式Having doneHave been done分词用法主动现在式：Opening the drawer he took out a revolver.分词用法主动完成式：当分词表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前时，分词应用完成式。分词的完成式在句子中主要作状语。Having led his party to power for the forth time, he becomes famous among Western leaders.分词用法被动现在式：在表示一个被动动作时，如果该动作此刻正在进行，或与谓语表