情态动词讲义和专项练习.doc

情态动词讲义和专项练习情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should), will (would), dare (dared), need (needed),ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语一、 can, could1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。e.g. Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）Mary can speak three languages.（知识）Can you skate?（技能）此时可用be able to代替。can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。e.g. Ill not be able to come this afternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用can。如：e.g. He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.Although he cant swim, yet he was able to cross the river.2) 表示请求和允许。e.g. -Can I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。e.g. - Could I come to see you tomorrow? - Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. )3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。e.g. Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least. 4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。e.g. Can this be true?This cant be done by him.How can this be true?5）“can + have done”主要用于否定句和疑问句中，表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。e.g. He cannot have been to that town.Can he have got the book?“could + have done”表示虚拟语气。e.g. But for your help, we couldnt have finished the task before the deadline.You could have achieved better results but you wasted the valuable time.6）习惯用法：cannot too “再也不过分”e.g. You cannot be too careful in the choice of your friends.二、 may, might 1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。e.g. -Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt.- May/Might I take this book out of the room?- Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. )用May I.？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I.？在口语中更常见。2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。e.g. May you succeed!3) 表示推测、可能性（表示此意时，不用于疑问句）。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。e.g. He may /might be very busy now.Your mother may /might not know the truth.4）“may / might + have done”表示对过去行为的推测。e.g. Without the heavy traffic, we might have caught the train.5）习惯用法：may / might as well + do “不妨”e.g. You might as well have an another try.三、 must, have to1) 表示必须、必要。e.g. You must come in time.在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不准），而用neednt, dont have to（不必）.e.g. - Must we hand in our exercise books today?- Yes, you must.- No, you dont have to / you neednt.2) must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。e.g. The play isnt interesting, I really must go now.I had to work when I was your age.3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）e.g. Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. Your mother must be waiting for you now.表示肯定推测的否定句，用cannote.g. This cannot be your pen.4）“must + have done”对过去行为的肯定推测，否定句用cannot.e.g. It must have been rainy yesterday, wasnt it?It must have rained yesterday, didnt it?5）have got to是have to 的口语形式。e.g. You havent got to go to school today, have you?6）must “偏偏”e.g. Why must it rain on Sunday?We were going to see a movie, but it must rain yesterday.四、 dare, need1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。e.g. How dare you say Im unfair?He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?If we dared not go there that day, we couldnt get the beautiful flowers.2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。e.g. You neednt come so early. - Need I finish the work today? - Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.3) dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。e.g. I dare to swim across this river.He doesnt dare (to) answer.He needs to finish his homework today.4）“neednt + have done”表示虚拟语气，本不必做某事而事实上却做了。e.g. You neednt have waited for me.5）need doing = need to be done.e.g. The washing machine needs repairing. = The washing machine needs to be repaired.6）“I dare say”意为“我猜测”e.g. I dare say he will come. 五、 shall, should, ought to1) shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。e.g. What shall we do this evening?2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。e.g. You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告)He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)He shall be punished.(威胁)3）shall用于第一，第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。e.g. Shall we begin our lesson?When shall we be able to leave the hospital?4）should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。e.g. I should help her because she is in trouble.You ought to take care of the baby.5) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。e.g. You should / ought to go to class right away.Should I open the window?6) should表示主观推测，“估计”“按道理应该”e.g. He ought to/should be home by now.They should finish it by now.7）“should + have done”用于虚拟语气，本应该做某事而实际上并未做某事。e.g. You should have arrived here 5 minutes earlier.8）特殊用法：“竟然”“居然”表示说话人感到意外，赞叹，愤怒，惊异等感情。e.g. You cant imagine the gentleman should be a thief.e.g. I dont know why you should think I did it.“倒是”，用于第一人称时表示说话人的一种谦逊，客气，委婉的语气。e.g. I should think it would be better to try it again.I should advise you not to do that.六、 will, would1) will表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。e.g. Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?2) will表示意志、愿望和决心。e.g. I will never do that again.They asked him if he would go abroad. 3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。e.g. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.The wound would not heal.4) would表示估计和猜想。 e.g. It would be about ten oclock when she left home.5）would用在虚拟语气中（参考虚拟语气语法）。e.g. If it should rain, the crop would be saved.七、 情态动词+不定式完成式（have done）1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上未能做某事”，是虚拟语气；在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。e.g. You could have done better, but you didnt try your best. （虚拟语气）He cant have been to that town.（推测）Can he have got the book?（推测）2) may / might +不定式完成式（have done）表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中。might所表示的可能性比may小。e.g. He may not have finished the work. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.3）must +不定式完成式（have done）用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can，cant。can / could + have done表示推测。e.g. You must have seen the film Titanic.He must have been to Shanghai.4）should +不定式完成式（have done）用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。e.g. He should have finished the work by now。表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”，其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式（have done）互换。e.g. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didnt.)She shouldnt have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.5) neednt +不定式完成式（have done） 表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。e.g. You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.6) will +不定式完成式（have done） 主要用于第二、三人称，表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。e.g. He will have arrived by now.情态动词专项练习（高考题）1. He_you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give2. Jenny_have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. A. must B. should C. need D. would3. . -Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course you_ A. mightB. will C. canD. should 4. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out5. Shall I tell John about it?No, you _ . Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt6. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It_a comfortable journey.A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been7. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack_be here at any moment.A. must B. need C. should D. can8. .When he was there, he_ go to that coffee shop at the corner after workevery day. A. would B. should C. had betterD. might9. .Sir, you _ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only. A. oughtnt to B. cant C. wont D. neednt10. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to11. -When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They _be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need12. .-I stayed at a hotel while in New York.-Oh, did you? You_ _with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed13. Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, ,My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B.I cant C. I neednt D.I wont14. Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. mightB. shouldC. can D. will15. I should have been there, but I _ not find the time. A. would B. couldC. mightD. should 16. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. A. couldnt have attendedB. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attendedD. shouldnt have attended17. - Are you coming to Jeffs party? - Im not sure. I _go to the concert instead.Amust Bwould Cshould Dmight18. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? Acan Bshould Cmay Dmust19 He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. Ahad scored Bscored Cwould score Dwould have scored20. Write to me when you get home. _ AI mustBI should CI willDI can21. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. A. mustnt leave B. Shouldnt have left C. Couldnt have left D. neednt leave22. Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach, I_so much fried chicken just now.A. shouldnt cut B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat23. -I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.-It _ be true because there was little snow there. A may not be B wont be C couldnt be D mustnt be24. It has been announced that candidates_ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A can B will C may D shall25.A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especially in a railway station. A. should B. can C. must D. will26. - I dont mind telling you what I know.（2004） - You . Im not asking you for it.A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt27. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police?A. should B. may C. will D. can28. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up.A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving29. You _ be tired - youve only been working for an hour.A. must not B. won t C. can t D. may not30. Who is the girl standing over there ? Well , if you know , her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall31. - Isn t that Anns husband over there? - No, it _ be him -Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not32. - Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. - You have my computer if you dont take care of it.A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt33. “The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.A. may B. should C. must D. shall34. I _pay Tracy a visit, but Im not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.A. should B. might C. would D. could35. I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.（2005） A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt36. There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A . mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt37. -Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. -She _. Ive already borrowed one.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt38. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _ at lease 150 km an hour. A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done39. Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet.A. shall B. must C. may D. can40. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.A. should B. mustC. wouldnt D. cant41. Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere.Well . He have gone farhis coats still here.AshouldntBmustntCcantDwouldnt42. - The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.- Oh, dear! She _ a lot of difficulties!A. may go through B. might go throughC. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through43. This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it.Ashould put Bcould have putCmight putDmust have put44. Tom , you leave all your clothes on the floor like this !Awouldnt Bmustnt Cneednt Dmay not45. Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks. You it. I could manage it myself.Aneednt do Bneednt have done Cmustnt do Dshouldnt have done46. He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free.A. could B. would C. must D. need47. - Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. - It _ Harrys. He always wears green. A. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be48.If I plan to do anything I wanted to ,Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.AwouldBcouldChad toDought to 49.Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?Something _ to him.Amust happenBshould have happenedCcould have happenedDmust have happened50. John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour?AMustBCanCMayDNeed51. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _be very slow.AshouldBmust Cwill Dcan52. Theres no light on they_ be at home.（2006）A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt53. We hope that as many people as-possible _ join us for the picnic tomorrow.A. needB. mustC. should D. can54. Whats the name?Khulaifi. _ I spell that for you?A. ShallB. Would C. CanD. Might55. You know he is not going to let us leave early if we _ get the work done.A. cant B. may not C. shouldnt D. mustnt56. We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.A. neednt B. may not C. shouldnt D. mustnt57.-Is Jack on duty today? -It _ be him. Its his turn tomorrow.A. mustnt B. wont C. cant D. neednt58.The weather turned out to be fine yesterdayI _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with meAshould have taken Bcould have taken Cneednt have taken D，mustnt have taken59. As you worked late yesterday, you _ have come this morning.A. maynt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt60.If it were not for the fact that she _ sing, I would invite her to the party.A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not61._ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be62.Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours.A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must63. - I think Ill give Bob a ring. - You _. You havent been in touch with him for ages.A. willB. mayC. have toD. should情态动词专项练习（2）1. When _ he leave the hospital? I asked the doctor.A. will B. shall C. can D. may2.- They have not finish the work up to now.-Well, they _A. should have B. should C. ought to D. ought have3. Since it is already midnight, we_.A. had better leaving B. ought to have leave C. should take our leave D. might as well leave4._ you be happy!A. May B. Can C. Must D. Would5. Must we come tomorrow?A. No, you cant B. No, you neednt C. No, you mustnt D. No, you may not6. You _miss the lesson, though we_ have it on Thursday.A. mustnt.neednt B. neednt.mustnt C. mustnt.mustnt D. neednt.neednt7. To succeed in a difficult task,_.A. one needs to work hard B. to work hard is neededC. you need be a hard working person D. to work hard is what one needs8. In case I_, I would try again.A. will fail B. would miss C. should fail D. shall miss9. Some people feel that handguns_.A. should control B. should be controlled C. must be controlling D. can be control10. _ open the door for you ?A. Would you like that I B. Do you want that I C. Will I D. Shall I11. He doesnt have to work tomorrow, but you have got to,_ you?A. dont B. havent C. havent go