be动词的用法.doc

be动词的用法口诀现在时：I am , You are , He / She / It is 。过去时：I / She / He was。 You / They were。be 动词+动词（不定式，动名词ing， 分词）。例子： I am good. He is good. You are good. I was doing my homework.They were to go swimming when I saw them.The book was given by my sister.Be 是原形，摇身一变成is, am, are。下面介绍一则口诀，帮你熟记“动词be的构成”： 我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is连着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。改一般疑问句口诀 一般疑问句不可怕，先找be动与情动； 若有be动或情动，只将be等放句首； 若有第一人称词，务必改为二人称； 其它部分不用改，注意句末用问号。 若无be动或情动，助动do/does放句首； 句中需跟原动词，其他部分同样变。解释： be动词：am/is/are；情态动词：can/may/must；人称变化：Iyou；myyour；weyou；ouryour；amare；doesDoesdo; hasDoeshave; likesDoes like.Im in Class Three, Grade Seven. Are you in Class Three, Grade Seven ?He watches TV every day. Does he watch TV every day?改为否定句口诀 变否定 很容易，先找be动与情动； 若有be动或情动，直加not即可以； 若有some变any，其他部分不用动； 若无be动或情动，需加dont、doesnt； 再跟原动才可以，其他部分不解释： 原动就是指动词原形，如doesdoesnt do; hasdoesnt have; likesdoesnt like，此时的do/have/like即原形动词。She has some pears. She doesnt have any pears.I can speak English. I cant speak English.He watches TV every day. He doesnt watch TV every day.划线部分提问口诀划线提问有妙招， 划什么 问什么；首先找准疑问词， 再跟be动或情动；若无be动或情动， 需加助动do、does；原形动词往后跟， 还防人称有变化；一般规则照着用， 特例也要弄清楚；还要小心细检查， 句末勿忘加问号。解释：疑问词指what/how/who/which/what color/when/how old/how many /how much等。This is a banana in English. Whats this in English?My sister is very fine today. How is your sister today?It is Tuesday today. What day is it today? 口诀句型变化很简单， / 先把句中动词看：/ be may must will can，/ 否定句not加后边。/ 一般问句也不难，/ 助情动词放句前；/ 两种回答yes no，/ 句首动词人后面。/ 没有现成怎么办？/ do does did来相伴，/ 三单式过去要还原。/ 特殊问句更简单，/ 疑问词后跟一般。/ 事物职业等what，/ who人where问地点，/ whose谁的所有权。/ 数量how many复后边，/ how much不可数和价钱。/ why问原因慢慢谈，/ what time when时间， / how old岁数多少年？/ how be人身永康健！例析上述口诀表明：句型变化的关键是识别和取决于句中的动词。如果句中有现成的 be ，have，used，may ，must ，will ，can等助动词或情态动词，则在其后直接加上not即构成否定句；将其提于句首则成为一般疑问句，在简略回答中，除there be句型外，在yes或no后边一般要使用“人称代词主格+助动词或情态动词成分”，其中的助动词或情态动词应该与问句保持一致。例如，(1) Thats her grandfather over there（改为否定句和一般疑问句并回答）。根据口诀，我们发现句中有现成的 be动词is ，不需要其他的助动词来协助，故本句的否定句为：Thats not her grandfather over there；一般疑问句及回答为：Is that her grandfather over there？Yes，he is；/ No，he isnt. (2) Tom used to read Chinese histories.（改为否定句和一般疑问句并回答），句中的used是一个突破口，故否定句为Tom used not to read Chinese histories；一般问句和回答为Used Tom to read Chinese histories ？Yes，he used；/ No，he usednt. 但根据传统习惯，本句也可以将used视为行为动词 use的过去式，故其否定句和一般疑问句及回答分别是Tom didnt use to read Chinese histories和Did Tom use to read Chinese histories ？Yes，he did；No，he didnt .“没有现成怎么办”指的是句中没有be ，have，used，may ，must ，will ，can等助动词或情态动词的情况。如果没有，则要根据动词的时态和形式借用相应的助动词 do（帮助行为动词原形），does（帮助行为动词的第三人称单数形式）或 did（帮助行为动词的过去时形式）来协助构成否定句或问句；“三单式过去要还原” 指的是在用 does或 did协助构成否定句或问句后，原句中的动词第三人称单数形式或过去式必须改为动词原形，否则就犯了重复的错误，这也是许多学生惯犯的一种错误，令老师头疼。例(3) Li Ping goes shopping with her mother on Sundays（改为否定句和一般疑问句并回答）。句中有三单式goes , 立刻就联想到does的助动词功能，故本题的答案分别为Li Ping doesnt go shopping with her mother on Sundays和Does Li Ping go shopping with her mother on Sundays？Yes，she does；/ No，she doesnt. 但要注意，do和have还有行为动词的功能，这是学生在做句型转换练习时遇到的又一难题，误将句中的do或have视为助动词而导致错误的结果。如(4) My brother does his homework in the evening（改为否定句和一般疑问句），能够想到正确答案My brother doesnt do his homework in the evening和Does your brother do his homework in the evening?的同学为数不多。(5) Jims parents have lunch in the factory（改为否定句和一般疑问句并回答），许多学生就错解为Jims parents havent lunch in the factory和Have Jims parents lunch in the factory? Yes , they have ; / No , they havent . 而本句中的have是行为动词“吃” 的意思，正确做法应该为Jims parents dont have lunch in the factory和 Do Jims parents have lunch in the factory? Yes , they do ;/ No, they dont .“疑问词后跟一般”意思是特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句”构成，只要学生掌握了一般疑问句的转换要点和各类疑问代词或疑问副词的意义和功能，特殊疑问句以及其他的句型变化就会迎刃而解。例如，口诀中的“事物职业等what”，其意义功能指的是what用来对事物、职业、姓名、颜色等提问，如(6) My e-mail address is （对画线部分提问）为What is your e-mail address? “who人where问地点”是指who用于对人物、身份、关系等句子成分提问而where用于对地点状语提问，例(7) Kates shoes are under the bed（对画线部分提问）为Where are Kates shoes? 而表面看起来很相似的另一个句子The shoes under the bed are Kates（对画线部分提问），学生做起来就又感到纳闷了，是用where还是which提问呢？其纳闷的根本原因是没有弄懂画线部分under the bed在本句中是后置定语，故本题的正确解答应为Which shoes are Kates? “数量how many复后边”即对数量提问用how many，后面接复数形式，例如(8) There are fifty-two students in Toms class（对画线部分提问）为How many students are there in Toms class？How many后边接的是复数形式students和are . how much用于对不可数名词或价钱提问，如(9) The black pants are $75（对画线部分提问）为How much (money) are the black pants? 当然，本句也可以表示为Whats the price of the black pants? “how be人身永康健”即How be sb.? 一般用于询问某人的身体健康状况，如(10) How are you? Im well, thank you .句型转换口诀1、三个他是三单，单个称呼也一样。 2、 does是克星，动词现原形。3、将肯定句改否定句口诀：否定句子这样改，not快点加上来。要问not哪里加，be和情态后面呆。两者都无求帮助。do和does加上来。看清主语和动词，三单主语用does。用了does别忘记，动词快点改过来。如果还有some在，就用any换过来。4、将陈述句改一般疑问句口诀：一提二改三问号，一般疑问这样改。无法移动求帮助。do和does加上来。看清主语和动词，三单主语用does。用了does别忘记，动词快点改过来。（一提：将be动词、情态动词前置。二改：将some改成any，第一人称改成第二人称。）句型转换 一、将下列句子改为复数形式：1.There is a knife in the box. There _ _ _ in the box.2.Shes a woman doctor.Theyre _ _.3.Our teacher often tells us a story.Our _ often _ us _.4.The sheep is over there.The _ _ over there.5.Please pass me a piece of bread.Please pass me some _ of _.二、下列句子改为否定句：1.He does some reading every day.He_ _ _ reading every day.2.I have to wash the dishes.I _ _ _wash the dishes.3.Tell him the news._ _ him the news.4.She has brothers and sisters.She has_ brothers _ sisters.5.I think she is right.I _ _she _ right.三、下列句子改为一般疑问句：1.There is some fruit juice in the glass._ _ _ fruit juice in the glass?2.He has to stay here._ he _ to stay there?3. We do eye exercises every day._ you _ eye exercises every day?4. She has something to eat._ she _ _ to eat?5.I am good at singing and dancing._ you good at singing _ dancing?四、对划线部分提问：1.My mother goes to work by bike._ _ your mother _ to work?2.That is a map of France._ map is that?3.The bag of rice is ten kilos._ _ _ the bag of rice?4. I think Chinese food is very nice._ do you _ _ Chinese food?5.The students like their teacher very much._ do the students_ their teacher?6.His house is very big._ _ his house _?7.There are six kites in the sky._ in the sky?8.He lives in Room 306._ _ _ he _ in?9.She looks worried because she cant find her dog._ _ she _ worried?10.It takes him half an hour to write the e-mail._ _ _ it _ him to write the e-mail?11.Classes begin at eight._ _ _classes _?12.I want to buy three kilos of meat._ _ _ do you want to buy?13.His uncle is a businessman._ _ his uncle _?14.The orange dress is Kates._ _ is Kates?15.Its Sunday today._ _ is it today?16.The cats are running up the tree._ are the cats _?17.Jims plane is broken._ _ _ Jims plane?18.He would like five cakes._ _ _ would he like ?19.They play football every Friday._ _ they play football?20.The man in brown is Toms father._ _ is Toms father?参考答案：一、1.are, some, knives 2.women doctors 3.teachers, tell, stories 4.sheep, are 5.pieces, bread二、1.doesnt do any 2.dont have to 3.Dont tell 4.no,or 5.dont think, is三、1.Is there any 2.Does, have 3.Do,do 4.Does have, anything 5.Are,and四、1.How does, go 2.What 3.How heavy is 4.What, think of 5.How, like 6.What is, like 7.Whats 8.Which room does, live 9.Why does, look 10.How long does, take 11.What time do, begin 12.How much meat 13.What does, do 14.Which dress 15.What day 16.Where,running 17.Whats wrong with 18.How many cakes 19.When do 20.Which man初一英语语法总结一、 词法 1、名词A）、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一）单数在后面加s。如：brothers, Mikes, teachers二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers Day教师节, classmates; Childrens Day六一节, Womens Day三八节三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Bens room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mikes and Bens rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）2、代词 项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself复数 we us our ours ourselves第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself复数 you you your yours yourselves第三人称 单数 she her her hers herselfhe him his his himself it it its its this that itself复数 they them their theirs these those themselves3、动词 A） 第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以o结尾加es。如：does, goes 五）特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB） 现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：一） 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三） 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worstlittle- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5、数词 (基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、句式1.陈述句 肯定陈述句a) This is a book. (be动词)b) He looks very young. (连系动词)c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)e) Theres a computer on my desk. (There be结构)否定陈述句 a) These arent their books. b) They dont look nice. c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School.d) Kate cant find her doll. e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Lets learn English! c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Dont be late. b) Dont hurry.3. 疑问句1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.否定回答: a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they dont. e) No, she isnt.2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 Its big./ Its small.3) 特殊疑问句 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is . 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? 问时间 Whats the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock.When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:00. 问地方 Wheres my backpack? Its under the table. 问颜色 What color are they?