四六段落翻译补充.doc

（一）中国素有“茶的故乡”之称，是世界上最早种植茶、制作茶、饮用茶的国家。 茶的发明和利用是中国人对人类文化史的一大贡献。几千年来，中国人品茶的热情始终未减，因为茶是有益于健康的天然饮品。茶在中国人的社会和情感生活中都有着重要的作用。客来敬茶是中国较为普遍的习俗，不仅是出于对客人的礼貌，而且也是一种亲切（togetherness)的象征和快乐的分享。China, the homeland of tea, is the first country to grow, produce and drink tea. The discovery of tea is a great contribution to the history of human culture. Throughout the dynastic history of China, the enthusiasm of the Chinese people in tea drinking has remained unchanged. That is probably due to the fact that tea is a health drink. Tea plays an important role in Chinese peoples social and emotional lives. Serving a cup of tea to the guest is a common practice in China. More than a matter of mere politeness, it is a symbol of togetherness, a sharing of something enjoyable and a way of showing respect to visitors.（二）最近几年，大学校园里学生的兴趣发生了变化。以往，许多优秀的学生十分热衷于文科学习，他们一生的梦想是成为一名作家。而如今出类拔萃的学生们把兴趣投向电脑、商业以及其他有光金融的学科。显然，他们认为掌握这些课程更有利于他们将来得到高薪的工作。此外，学生对英语也显示出前所未有的热情(enthusiasm).There has been a change of interests on campus in recent years. Many excellent students used to show a great interest in liberal arts. To become a writer was their lifelong dream. Now top students go in for computer science, business studies and other subjects concerning finance. Obviously, they believe if they matter such subjects they are more likely to get well-paid jobs in the future. Moreover, students display greater enthusiasm than ever for learning English.（三）京剧起源于200年前清朝时期的北京，是一种集歌剧表演、唱歌、音乐、舞蹈和武功于一体的表演艺术。自1919年京剧大师梅兰芳先生东渡日本演出后，至今京剧越来越受世界各地的人们喜爱。北京京剧也应该应邀在许多国家演出，得到了外国观众的高度评价。这些表演对中外文化交流和促进世界人民友好往来做出了重要的贡献。Originated from Beijing some 200 years ago during the Qing Dynasty, Peking Opera is a performing art that embraces opera performing, singing, music, dancing and martial arts. Since Mei Lanfang, the grand master of Peking Opera, visited Japan in 1919, it has become more and more popular with people all over the world. Peking Opera House of Beijing has been visited to perform in many countries and highly appreciated by foreign audiences. The perform have made an outstanding contribution to Sino-foreign exchange and to the promotion of friendly association of people in the world.（四）根据中国国家旅游局（ Bureau ）统计，过去几年里每年约有一千万人出国，比2000年上升13%，而且大半是去旅游。随着中国人民生活条件的改善，大城市的中等收入人士都纷纷出国寻找工作和学习机会甚至到国外休闲度假。据北京一家旅行社介绍，去年一年他们旅行社就带了四万中国人“环游”世界。他们认为现在的中国人已经不满足于丰衣足食了，愿意花钱在假日里往国外兜一圈。The statistics made by China National Bureau of Tourism shows that in the last couple of years, about 10 million Chinese went abroad every year, which was an increase of 13%compared with the year of 2000, and that more than one half of them were on tour. As the living conditions have been improved in China, more and more people with middle income in big cities are eager to look for opportunities of career, education and even spend holidays abroad. A travel agency in China revealed that they arranged travels abroad for as many as 40,000 Chinese last year. Today , they observe, Chinese are not content with sufficient food and clothes, and would spend money on tours to other countries for holidays.（五）一位师范（ normal school ）教师提醒家长，千万不要迷信专家和独特的早教方案，家长自己才是孩子早期教育最好的老师。受狭隘早教观念的影响，一些家长热衷于迷信专家和特定环境的亲子（parent-children ）游戏，将孩子送进早教机构接受某种方案的专门训练。科学研究表明，这些超常规教育违背了幼儿身心发展规律，不仅难以收到成效，还可能为孩子长远发展埋下隐患。A teacher from normal school reminds parents of not blindly believing experts or special proposals for childrens early education, and according to him, parents are childrens best teachers. Deeply influenced by narrow ideas on childrens early education, some young parents are wild about experts opinions and some particular parent-children games. They send their children to relevant institutions to receive special trainings.Scientific researchers show us that the supernormal education breaks the rules governing the development of kids body and mind. Children can hardly get something helpful from them. On the contrary, these methods might lay troubles for childrens future development.（六）汽车给我们的生活带来了很多变化，例如过去十年中郊区不断发展扩大。许多在城里工作的人，由于道路平坦畅通，开车上下班方便，现在反而喜欢坐在乡村。全国许多公路使用率高，对这种路边商业需求也就应用而生，包括可在汽车内观看的露天电影院，还有称为汽车旅馆（motels）的路边便捷旅馆。The automobile has brought many changes in our life_like the remarkable growth of the suburbs in the past 10 years as many people who work in the cities now enjoy country living because of good roads and the ease of the commuting by automobile. Heavy use of the nations highways has created a demand for roadside business of various kinds, including outdoor movie theaters, where audiences watch films from their automobiles and convenient roadside hotels known as “motels”.（七）中国农历八月十五，是中国的传统节日中秋节。之所以在这个时候庆祝是因为这时候的月亮最圆最亮。这是个全家团聚的时刻，所以远离家乡的人们会亲切地凝视着月亮，思念他们的家人。中秋节的传统食品是圆圆的象征着团圆的月饼。这天也被认为是丰收的节日，因为水果、蔬菜和谷物这时候已经被采集储备了，食物充裕。The 15th of the eighth month according to the Chinese lunar calendar, is the date for the traditional Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival. The reason for celebrating the festival during that time is that it is the time when the moon is at its fullest and brightest. It is a time for families to be together, so people far from home will gaze longingly at the moon and think about their families.The traditional food for Mid-Autumn Festival is the moon cake which is round and symbolizes reunion. This day is also considered as a harvest festival since fruits, vegetables and grain have been harvested by this time and food is abundant.（八）因特网在继电话和电视之后已成为人们生活的又一重要组成部分。消费者使用因特网进行在线购物和投资。大多数消费者使用信用卡在线购物付款。其他电子支付系统，有时被称作“数字货币”和“e现金”现在也十分普遍。这些支付系统的目标就是使购物更加简便。比如说“储值卡”能够把现金的价值转入卡内。这张卡在公共交通、各大高校、加油站和预付话费中广泛使用。The Internet has taken its place beside the telephone and television as an important part of peoples lives. Consumers use the Internet to shop and invest online. Most consumers use credit cards to pay for online purchases. Other electronic payment systems_sometimes referred to as “electronic money” or “e-money”_also are now common. Their goal is to make purchasing simpler. For example, “stored-value” cards let you transfer cash value to a card. They are commonly used on public transportation, at colleges and universities, at gas stations, and for prepaid telephone use.Model Test One剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸由一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境，特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸也被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a long history more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particularly, paper cutting are used to decorating doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.Model Test Two过去的七年，中国的房地产（real estate）业经历了前所未有的高速增长。对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所得人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。鉴于这一状况，政府近年来采取了一系列的措施防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。目前，这些措施在部分城市已经取得了初步的成效。In the past seven years, Chinas red estate industry has developed in a record high speed. For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cant afford. For this reason, the government has taken a series of measure to prevent hosing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc. Presently, these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities.AModel Test Three如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好的工作。造成之一现象的原因如下：首先，大学生把在校的大多数时间都用在了专业学科的学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，在才识到自己缺乏必要的专业培训。其次，大学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。因此，强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this phenomenon are as following: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize that they lake necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.Model Test Four旅游业是现代发展最快的产业之一。的确，旅游业的增长率通常超过全球经济的增长率。旅游业发展成为一个大规模的产业，依靠的是快速廉价的现代交通工具。例如，国际旅游业发展最快的时期正是航空运输业的发展时期。旅游业不仅有利于航空公司、旅馆、餐饮、出租车等行业，而且还有利于很多商业机构，甚至有利于旅游商品的制造业。旅游业不是一个单一的行业，而是由向游客提供各种服务的许多不同行业所组成的综合性行业。The tourist industry has been one of the fastest growing industries in modern times. Indeed, the growth rate of tourism has generally exceeded the growth rate for the worldwide economy. The development of tourism as a mass industry depends on modern means of rapid and inexperienced transportation. For example, the greatest growth in international tourism has paralleled the growth of air transportation.Tourism benefits not only airlines, hotels, restaurants, and taxi driver,among others, but also many commercial establishment and even the manufactures of tourist commodities. The tourist industry is not a single entity, but one that consists of many different kinds of enterprises that offer different services to the traveler, including transportation, accommodations, catering, guiding and interpretation.Model Test Five中国园林可分为御花园和私家花园两类。前者多见于北方，后者则居地南方，尤以苏州、无锡和南京等地为基。南方私家花园中的溪、桥、山、亭，小巧玲珑，布局精明，尽显其自然美，令人赏心悦目。园内的小溪虽占地不多，却同小桥与石屿相得益彰，浑然一体。石头与假山是中国南方园林的特色。巨大的石头可自成一景，而较小的石块则堆积成假山，为园林增添无比魅力。Chinese gardens can be divided into two major categories, namely, imperial and private gardens. The former are seen mostly in northern China, while the latter are easily found in the south, especially in Suzhou, Wuxi and Najing. The streams, bridges, hills and pavilions of a private Chinese garden are small and delicate, cleverly laid out and pleasing to the eye, exhibiting a natural beauty of their own . Streams in these gardens usually cover limited spaces, but are in perfect match with bridges and stones to yield a uniformed effect. Rocks and artificial hills are special features of southern Chinese gardens. Large stones from sceneries of their own, while smaller ones are gathered to create artificial hills, contributing to the charm of the gardens.Model Test six上海是中国重要的经济、金融、贸易、科技、信息和文化中心。作为一座历史文化名城，上海以她独特的风韵吸引了数以百万计的海内外游客。上海同时也是美食家的乐园，尤其是上海的本帮菜，特别受到海外人士的青睐。最引人入胜的建筑当属黄浦江畔的东方明珠塔。登上观光层，或俯视浦江对岸的海滩万国建筑博览群，或举目鸟瞰全市，无限风光，令人心旷神怡，流连忘返。Shanghai in Chinas important center of economy, finance, trade, science and technology, information and culture. As a noted historic and cultural city, Shanghai attracts millions of tourists from home and abroad with its unique charm. Shanghai is also a cherished paradise gourmets; its local cuisine enjoys particular popularity among overseas visitors. The most attractive work of architecture is no other than the Oriental Pearl Tower standing by the bank of the Huangpu River. Mounting the observation floor and looking around, you will admire the view of the famous Bund lined up with a dazzling exhibition of international architecture across the Huangpu River and charming skyline of the city in the distance, taking delight in the endless soothing vistas that you will find difficult to turn away from.Model Test seven最近在高校毕业生择业问题上出现一种倾向，这就是毕业生越来越青睐在公司工作。很少人到研究单位。在崇尚物质的社会里，这是一个不可避免的问题。因为在那里工作要比研究领域里好找，工资也往往要高。这些情况不仅严重影响青年人的择业观，而且还影响了教育。许多教师哀叹，现在纯碎为了学习知识而学习的人越来越少了。A recent phenomenon in the choice of careers on the part of college graduates is the increasing tend towards big companies. Few are interested in research field. That is an unavoidable problem in a materialistic society where tempting salaries and fringe benefits are offered by companies. All this has not only seriously influenced young peoples view on the choice of careers but on education as well. Many college teachers deplore that fewer and fewer students these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake.Model Test eight中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少上午伴侣。例如，我国的端午节（the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子（zongzi)。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节（The Mid-autumn Festival ）的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国的农历新年（ the Chinese lunar New Years holiday），除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按照各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物，如饺子和年糕。Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Years holiday. Besides the popular poultry and meat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumpling, and niangao, or the “new year cake”.Model Test Nine北京有无数的胡同（hutong).平民百姓在胡同里面的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代，但愿胡同可以保留下来。In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing in not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved.Model Test Ten现在大学生的学习压力相当重。除了大四他们开始找工作了，其余的学生总是忙于学习，而不愿意参加校园团体和俱乐部，不愿意参加体育锻炼和其他课外活动，不愿意与他们的朋友玩玩，不愿意关心和学习没有关系的事。他们学习太紧张，几乎没有时间好好品尝生活，干其他的事，成为一个全面发展的人。读大学使他们失去太多的个人幸福的健康。College students now bear heavy academic pressure. You will find themexcept seniors who are beginning to look for a job-always too busy in studies to join campus organizations too busy to take part in sports and other extracurricular activities too busy to share the interests of their friends and too busy to pay attention to anything that is not connected with their studies. They study so hard that they have hardly had time to savor life and to pursue other interests to grow as well-rounded people. The pursuit of college education coasts them too much personal happiness and health.Model Test One农历八月十五是中国的传统节日中秋节。传说月亮在这一天最大最圆。中秋节的传说是非常丰富的，嫦娥（Chang Er）奔月是最为人所熟知的故事。虽然各地风俗不同，但是赏月时最流行的活动，每当中秋月亮升起，人们会将月饼、石榴（pomegranate）、枣子等瓜果供于桌案上，全家人围桌而做，边吃边谈，共赏明月。The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the Chinese traditional festival held on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month. It is said that the moon is at its brightest and roundest on that day. There are many legends about this festival, among which Chang E flying to the moon is the most well-know.Although customs differ in different districts enjoying the beautiful moon is the most popular activity. On that day when the moon rises, all the family members will sit around the table to talk and enjoy the glorious full moon as well as the fruits and desserts such as mooncakes ,Pomegranates and dates. Model Test Two中国经济的高速发展，带来了消费文化的日益流行，同时也催生了一批具有高学历，充分享受资本主义消费模式的年轻人，他们习惯于当月工资当月花。因此被称为“月光族”（the moonlight group）.“月光族”一词出现于20世纪90年代后期，是用来讽刺那些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化（fast food culture）的年轻人。Chinas economy is developing very quickly, and has brought with it a culture of consumption more prevalent with each passing day. At the same time, it has brought into being an educated group of young people who enjoy capitalist consumption way. They are used to spending money as soon as they get it every month , and so are called “the moonlight group”. This word came into being during the 1990s , to make fun of those born into wealth, who have received a high education, and who appreciate fast food culture.Model Test Three端午节（the Duanwu Festival），也叫龙舟节（The Dragon Boat Festival）,是中国农历（Chinese lunar calendar）的五月初五。关于这个节日有很多传说，但是最著名是屈原的传说。屈原是战国（ the Warring States Period）时期楚国的一位大臣。他正直，忠诚，因为提出让国家和平繁荣的建议而为人所尊重。然而，国王的统治让屈原日益心灰意冷，他于农历五月初五自沉汨罗江。The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, falls on the 5th day of the 5th month according to Chinese lunar calendar. Many legends circulate around the festival but the most popular is the legend of Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a minister of the State of Chu during the Warring States Period. He was upright, loyal and highly esteemed for his wise counsel that brought peace and prosperity to the state. However, the emperor gradually made Qu Yuan disappointed. He drowned himself in the Miluo River on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.Model Test Four对全球的应用程序（app）开发商来说，打入中国，这个世界最大的智能手机（smartphone）市场是非常不容易的。程序开发商必须与数十家应用程序零售店（retail store）打交道，政府对这些零售店的监管要比美国宽松。程序开发商在中国还必须努力避免自己受到“山寨”产品泛滥的冲击，避开各种监管障碍以及中国本地程序开发商的激烈竞争。For global app developers, entering China, the worlds largest smartphone market is proving to be vexing. App makers must navigate dozens of app retail stores with looser rules than the U.S., fend off a proliferation of cloned apps, and steer around a thicket of regulations and intense competition from local developers.Model Test Five公元220年开始的300年里，中国分成了三个小王国。一个是魏国，位于中国北部，由曹氏家族(the Tsao family)统治。还有一个王国叫做蜀汉(Shu Han), 位于中国的西南部，由刘备统治。另外一个王国叫做吴国，位于中国的东南部，由孙权（Sun Chua）统治。中国文化里最大的书籍之一三国演义（the Romance of the Three Kingdoms）就是关于这段时间的。For three hundred years starting in 220AD, China was divided into three smaller kingdoms. One kingdom that lies in north, was called Wei, and it was ruled by the Tsao family. The second kingdom was called Shu Han, and it was ruled by Liu Bei. It was in the south-west part of China. The third kingdom was called Wu, and it was ruled by Sun Chua. Wu was in the south-east part of China. One of the great books of Chines