2019年高考英语考纲解读与热点专题05介词教学案.docx

专题05 介词【2019年高考考纲解读】介词的考查形式多样，除了单纯考查介词外，还常考查介词与其他词的搭配。此外，在定语从句中，也常考查“介词关系代词”的用法。有些介词的考查频率较高，如with，beyond。连词考查较多的有：but和while，“祈使句and/or并列句”中的and和or；另外，for作为并列连词的用法也是一考点。【重点难点】一、介词with的用法主要有1表示“和在一起”，“由陪同”或“有在场”The students went to the farm with their teachers.学生们与他们的老师一起去了农场。2表示“随着”With time passing, they have grown into big boys and big girls.随着时间的流逝，他们已经长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。3with后面加复合宾语，说明附带情况He likes to sleep with the windows open.他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。4表示“具有；带有；包括在内”China is a country with a long history.中国是个历史悠久的国家。5表示原因或理由The little girl was trembling with fear.这个小女孩吓得发抖。二、介词短语1动词介词account for说明agree on对达成协议begin with以开始come across碰见go into调查keep from阻止look for寻找stand for代表agree with 同意(某人意见)answer for对负责wait for等待decide on对作出决定head for向前进live on靠生活look into调查stick to坚持agree to同意(某种安排等)aim at针对call for要求get into进入hear from接到的信、电话look after照顾run into碰到wait on招待2动词副词介词add up to合计达come up with提出get on with与相处融洽look down upon看不起look up to敬仰(某人)put up with忍受come up against遭到反对do away with废除keep up with跟上look forward to盼望make up for弥补stand out for坚决要求come up to达到get down to开始认真考虑live up to不辜负(期望)look out for当心run out of用完stick out for坚持要求3动词名词介词catch sight of突然看见make room for为腾出地方take pride in以为荣make friends with和交朋友pay attention to注意show interest in对感兴趣make fun of取笑take care of照顾take part in参加【特别提醒】揭密常考的介词短语1含有at的短语,at a time一次at least至少at the same time同时at all costs不惜一切代价at most至多at times有时候at first最初at once立即at will任意地at last最后at present目前at work起作用2含有by的短语,by accident偶然by day/night白天/夜间by heart能背诵by turns轮流by birth出身by no means绝不,by chance偶然by mistake错误地by the way顺便说一下by chance偶然by mistake错误地by the way顺便说一下3含有in的短语,in a sense从某种意义上说in case假使in fact实际上,in ones opinion在某人看来in other words换句话说in short总之in the long run从长远来看in advance事先in store必将发生in general一般说来in no time立刻in public公开地in vain徒劳in time及时,in the meantime同时in danger处于危险中in turn轮流in order井井有条in return作为回报in the end最后in all总共4含有on的短语,on average平均on foot步行on sale在出售on the way在途中on business出差on holiday在休假on strike罢工on time准时on duty值日on behalf of代表on the contrary相反on the spot当场on fire着火on purpose故意地on the other hand另一方面5含有out of的短语,out of breath气喘吁吁out of date过时out of order发生故障out of patience失去耐心out of work失业,out of control失去控制out of doors 在户外out of question毫无疑问out of reach拿不到out of the question不可能out of danger脱险out of fashion不合时尚out of luck倒霉out of shape变形out of touch失去联系【题型示例】题型一 常用介词例1(2017全国卷)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and _work.【答案】from【变式探究】(2016全国卷)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat _their hands.【解析】用手吃饭，应用介词with。 【答案】with【变式探究】(2016四川卷)The mother continued to care for the young panda _more than two years.【解析】考查短语for时间段，故应用介词for。【答案】for题型二介词的固定搭配例2(2018全国)I was searching _ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.答案for解析search for寻找，为固定搭配。【变式探究】(2017全国卷)After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree _ engineering or architecture.【解析】此处表示得到一个在工程学或者建筑学方面的学位。此处考查in的本意“在方面”。考生可能会误用on和about，这两个介词本意为“关于”。degree与介词in搭配，表示在某方面的学位。【答案】in【变式探究】(2016全国卷)Most of us are more focused _our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.【解析】focuse on集中于，故填on。【答案】on【变式探究】(2015全国卷)When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; _the same time，they warm up again for the night.【解析】at the same time与此同时，故应用介词at。【答案】At【变式探究】(2015陕西卷)The little pupil took his grandma _the arm and walked her across the street.【解析】take sb.by the arm，挽着某人的胳膊，应用介词by。【答案】by 题型三、单句改错例3(2018全国)At the end of our trip，I told my father that I planned to return for every two years.答案去掉for解析every two years每隔两年，是固定搭配，前面不用介词。【变式探究】(2018全国)Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.答案forwith 解析play games with sb.意为“和某人一起玩游戏”。【变式探究】(2017全国卷)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. _【答案】onof【变式探究】(2017全国)When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies.I have grown not only physically，but also mentally in the past few years.答案去掉realize后的of解析realize是及物动词，后接宾语不需要介词，故去掉of。【变式探究】(2016新课标)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.【解析】dream后加of句意：我叔叔说他从没梦想过在短时间内变得富有。dream of doing sth.“梦想做某事”，为固定短语。【变式探究】(2016新课标)Now I am leaving home to college.【解析】tofor句意：现在，我要离开家去上大学。根据句意可知，此处指的是“离开家去上大学”，所以用for，表示目的。【变式探究】(2016四川)Dad cleaned the house，and then went on shopping.【解析】去掉on句意：爸爸打扫了房子，然后去购物了。go shopping“去购物”，是固定短语。【变式探究】(2015新课标)Unfortunately，on the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted.【解析】onwith句意：不幸的是，随着工业化的发展，环境受到了污染。on表示“在方面”，with表示“随着”。根据句意可知，指两件事情伴随而行，应用with。【变式探究】(2015新课标)Tony saw a toy on a shop window.【解析】onin句意：托尼看见了橱窗中摆设的玩具。玩具应该在橱窗里面而不是在橱窗的表面上，应用in。【变式探究】(2015陕西)My soccer coach retired in last week.【解析】去掉in句意：我的足球教练上个星期退休了。last week前面不加介词，去掉介词in。【变式探究】(2015四川)Please help with me and give me some advice.8(2014新课标)Nearly five years ago，and with the help by our father，my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden.【解析】byof句意：大约五年前，在父亲的帮助下，姐姐和我在后院种植了一些圣女果。with the help of“在的帮助下”，为固定短语。9(2014浙江)If we could show concern to others on need，the world would be a better place to live in.【解析】onin句意：如果我们向那些需要帮助的人表示关心，这个世界就会变得更美好。in need“在困难中的”，为固定搭配。10(2014广西)The more friends we have，the more we can learn for one another，and the more pleasure we can share together.【解析】forfrom句意：我们的朋友越多，我们相互之间学到的东西就越多，我们一起分享的快乐也就越多。learn for“为而学习”，learn from sb.“向某人学习”。根据句意可知，此处指向朋友学习，应用from。题型四、单句填空1(2016新课标，64)But my connection with pandas goes back _ my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，when I was the first.【解析】to句意：但是我与熊猫之间的联系要追溯到20世纪80年代中期我在一档电视节目的时候，那是我第一次。go back to“追溯到”，是固定短语。2(2016新课标，44)Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.【解析】on句意：我们大多数人在早晨时对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。be focused on意为“集中于”。3(2016新课标，70)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat _ their hands.【解析】with句意：筷子并非被亚洲的所有国家(的人民)使用。例如在印度，大部分的人习惯用手吃饭。with“用”，符合句意。4(2016四川，67)The mother continued to care for the young panda _ more than two years.【解析】for句意：这位母亲持续照顾熊猫幼崽两年多。“for一段时间”作时间状语，表示“持续了一段时间”。5(2016浙江，16)In this article，you need to back up general statements _ specific examples.6(2016天津，8)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice _ her opinion on the subject.【解析】to句意：在讨论刚开始时，玛丽一言不发，但最后她就这个主题发表了自己的观点。give voice to“表达，吐露，发泄”，符合句意。7(2016天津，14)I hate it when she calls me at workIm