高考英语一轮复习 第3部分 写作素能培养 第6讲 写好开头和结尾 实现升级策略课件 外研版

写作素能培养,第三部分,第六讲 写好开头和结尾，实现升级策略,俗话说得好：好的开头是成功的一半(Well begun is half done)；结尾好，一切都好(All is well that ends well)。一篇英语作文的开头如果写得好，就会给阅卷老师良好的印象，吸引他继续读下去；如果结尾又写得好，就会进一步强化阅卷老师对你所写作文的好感，从而给你的作文打高分。,一、如何写好开头 (一)书信的常用开头法开门见山法 I am Li Hua. I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor. (2016全国卷书面表达) 我是李华，我写信告诉你我的暑假计划，我也希望你帮我一个忙。 Id like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.(2015全国卷书面表达) 我想邀请你在下周六和我们一块去附近的敬老院过重阳节。,(二)记叙文的常用开头法 1故事背景法交代人物、事件、时间、地点、背景等 A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth. (2016北京高考书面表达) 在地球日之前的一周，我们学校周围张贴了海报，呼吁我们加入一个更环保的地球的行动。 2往事追忆法回忆过去发生的某件事 I still remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday. 我依然记得第一次去泰山旅游的事情，就像是在昨天一样。,(三)说明文的常用开头法 1点明中心法开门见山点明所要介绍的事物 Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favorite, which makes me free, excited and energetic. (2016四川高考书面表达) 在一年的四个季节中，我最喜欢夏天。它让我感到自由、兴奋、充满活力。 2引用数据法运用数据引出所要论证的主题 A recent study shows that 50% of the school kids dont have breakfast. 最近的研究表明，有50%的学生不吃早饭。,(四)议论文的常用开头法 1点明主题法提出一个观点或论据作为文章要阐明和论述的主题 Through my years of school life, Ive learned that if we are to make a difference in life, its vital that we should begin with small things.(2014湖北高考满分作文) 通过几年的校园生活，我学会了如果我们要在生活中有所改变，从小事开始是非常重要的。 2引用名言法摘录或引用某些名人的名言或常见的习语、谚语作为文章的开头。 When it comes to how to succeed, many people may think of the proverb “Where there is a will, there is a way.”(2014山东高考书面表达) 当谈到如何成功时，很多人或许会想到谚语“有志者事竟成”。,3列举实例法通过一个实例或现象引出话题 Nowadays, people in many big cities are complaining about heavy traffic, which has seriously influenced peoples daily life and economic development. 现今，许多大城市的人们都在抱怨交通拥堵，它严重地影响了人们的日常生活和经济发展。,(五)图画作文的常用开头法 描述图画法描写图画内容，为下文做好铺垫 As is vividly shown in the picture, one person is asking the other to do some voluntary labour. 正如图画中生动形象地显示的那样，一个人正在请另一个人做义务劳动。,Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper.,Last Sunday, my classmates and I went to the Xiangshan Park.,As the saying goes, “No pains, no gains.”,4人们普遍认为阅读能增长我们的知识、拓宽我们的视野。 _(点明主题法) 5每当我想到我家附近那一条清澈的水溪，就忍不住感到悲伤。 _(往事追忆法),It is universally acknowledged that reading increases our knowledge and,broadens our mind.,Whenever I think of the clean stream near my home, I cannot help feeling sad.,二、如何写好结尾 结尾有概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，升华主题的作用。主要有以下几种写法： (一)书信的常用结尾法 1表示期待法 Hope to hear from you soon. (2016全国卷书面表达) 希望不久能收到你的来信。 Hope to meet you at the training camp this summer.(2015北京高考书面表达) 希望今年夏天在训练营见到你。 Im waiting for your early reply. 我期待你的早日答复。,2表示感谢法 I would be grateful if you could consider my application. 如果你能考虑我的申请我将不胜感激。 I must thank you again for your generous help. 我必须对你慷慨的帮助再次表示感谢。 Ill appreciate you taking my suggestion into account. 我非常感激你能考虑我的建议。 Please accept my gratitude, now and always. 请接受我的感谢，现在到永远。,(二)记叙文的常用结尾法 1点题升华法结尾总结全文，进一步升华主题 We are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world. (2016北京高考书面表达) 我们为自己感到骄傲，相信我们可以为一个更美好的世界做更多的事情。 2问题设问法通过问答的形式总结全文 Will you join us in the next century？How romantic and fantastic it will be! 你愿意在下个世纪加入我们吗？那将是多么浪漫和奇妙啊！,(三)说明文的常用结尾法 总结全文法总结说明的事物，进一步说明其特征 In a word, changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us convenience and comfort. 总之，过去20年里我们生活中的变化给我们带来了便利和舒适。,(四)议论文的常用结尾法 1得出结论法结尾总结全文，得出结论 Therefore, respecting children and letting them develop their own characters are the key to their real success. 因此，尊重孩子，让他们形成自己的个性是他们获得真正成功的关键。 2深化中心法结尾进一步深化主题 In a word, we must protect the water as well as find ways to reuse it. If not, the last drop of water will be a teardrop. 总之，我们必须保护水资源，也要寻找再利用水的方法。如果不这样做，最后一滴水将是人类的泪水。,3提出建议法结尾提出建议及应对措施 So we have to cherish friendship. Lets take good care of our friends to enjoy life to the fullest.(2014重庆高考写作) 因此我们必须珍视友谊，让我们善待朋友，尽情地享受生活。 It is high time that the government took proper steps to solve traffic problems. 该是政府采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。 4引用名言法结尾用名言总结全文 Anyhow, different cultures, different customs. If you “Do as the Romans do when in Rome”， you will enjoy more your stay here. 不管怎样，有不同的文化，就有不同的习俗，如果你能“入乡随俗”，就会更好地享受这里的生活。,5照应开头法结尾对开头进行照应 Everyone enjoys beautiful things. And seeing sunrise may be one of the most unusual experiences in our life. 每个人都喜欢美好的事情，看日出也许是我们人生中最不平凡的经历之一。 Different ways of traveling can make people happy, but I like traveling by train most. 不同的旅行方式能让人们愉快，但我还是最喜欢乘火车旅行。,I hope you will live a rich and colorful life in high school.,Id appreciate it if you could meet me at the airport.,3找一个伙伴和我们一起去如何？如果这样，我们可以互相帮助并且在旅途中保持愉快。 _(问题设问法) 4因此我们得出结论：世界上没有什么东西和自由一样珍贵。 _(得出结论法) 5总之，成功是重要的，失败也是重要的，因为它是成功之母。(引用名言法) _,How about finding a companion to be with us? If so, we can help each other and,be happy during the trip.,We, therefore, come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as freedom in,the world.,In a word, success is important, and so is failure, because its the mother of success.,附 录： 常见开头方式： As everybody knows/As is known to all 众所周知 As the proverb says 正如谚语所说 As the saying goes 俗话说 As we can see from the table 正如表中所看到的 When it comes to. 当提到 It is said that. 据说 It is generally agreed that. 人们通常认为 It is believed/thought that. 人们认为,It is reported that. 据报道 It is well known that. 众所周知 It goes without saying that. 不言而喻/不用说 There is no denying (the fact) that. 不可否认的(事实)是 There is no doubt that. 毫无疑问 We must recog