名词讲解和练习.doc

名 词在中考单项选择试题中，除了时态，名词的考查频率也较高。一般考查以下几点：一、 可数名词与不可数名词在可数名词与不可数名词上一般出现这样几类，（1）分辨是哪一类名词，并根据结论做选择。（2）可数名词复数的不规则变化。（3）不可数名词的量化表达。所以，考生首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词，哪些是不可数名词。其次，还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则。可数名词的变化规则一般是在单词后面加-s 或-es，如：1 desk-desks bed-beds piano-pianos hat-hats bag-bags photo-photos2 bus-buses box-boxes watch-watches brush-brushes3 tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes hero-heroes Negro-Negroes4 leaf-leaves knife-knives5 baby-babies family-families另外，还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式，如：Chinese-Chinese Japanese-JapaneseEnglishman-Englishmen Frenchman-FrenchmenRussian-Russians American-Americans German - Germanschild-children foot-feet man-men woman-women tooth-teeth goose - geese deer-deer sheep-sheep还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有： a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of 另外，大家应注意：单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化：单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数，意义上都是复数，因此，一般要与复数谓语动词连用，例如：Class Five have a foreign friend. 五班有一位外国朋友。His family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。（很显然，这里的family指家庭成员。）当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时， 意义上则是单数，因此，要与单数谓语动词连用。例如，Our school team often plays well in our city. 我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好。（这里的team 指整个队，但意义上仍为单数，故谓语动词用plays.二、 名词所有格名词所有格有两种形式：一是加s，一种是用of来表示。一般情况下，指某人的某物用s表示，而指某物的什么用of 短语来表示。另外，要注意凡是以s结尾的名词或规则名词的复数，不能直接加s，而应该加-即可。例如，boys clothes girls dresses。 不过，注意例外情况，例如， the bosss handwriting，其中the bosss 的-s不可省略。因为在英语中，如果以-s 或-ss 结尾的名词不是复数复数形式，那么其名词所有格仍加-s。那么你会说“琼斯的小汽车”吗？对，Joness car第一部分：规则变化情况构成法读音例词一般情况（包括以e结尾的名词）加-s-s在清辅音ptk f后读s在浊辅音和元音后读z在辅音szd ?后读iz口诀：清清浊浊元浊Cups, cats, cakes, roofs, flags, keys, faces以s, x, ch, sh结尾加-es在sz?t?后读izClasses, boxes, watches, brushes 以辅音+y结尾变y为i，加es读zCities, countries, studies以元音+y结尾加-s读zBoys, rays, days 有人还把以下两个加入了名词有规则变复数的行列。情况构成法读音例词以o 结尾加-es读zHeroes, tomatoes, potatoes, Negroes加-s读zBamboos, radios, zoos, photos, pianos以f, fe结尾变f, fe为v，再加-es读vzLeaf-leavesLife-livesWife-wives加-s读sRoofs, proofs, chiefs1. June 1st is _ Day.A. Childs B. Childs C. Childrens D. Childrens 2. I need _ paper, Mum. I want to write _ letter to my English teacher.A. any, some B. some, a C. a, some D. some,any 3. There are two _ and three _ on the table.A. knifes, forks B. knifes, fork C. knives, forkes D. knives, forks 4. We have got a lot of_ today.A. newspaper to read B. homework to do C. homeworks to doD. book to read 5. We could see _ children and hear _ noise in the park.A. many, many B. much, much C. many, much D. much, many 6. Will you pass me _?A. a few pieces of chalk B. a few chalks C. a few of chalks D. some chalks 7. _ has been invited to the dancing party.A. A friend of her B. A friend of hers C. Friends of hers D. Friends of her 下面请大家自己练习一下。1. September 10th is _ Day.A. the Teacher B. Teachers C. Teacher D. Teachers 2. -Can I help you, sir?-Id like to have 100_. I want the students to draw pictures on them.A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. papers D. paper 3. -Would you like _ milk, please?-No, thank you. I still have some.A. some more B. an C. a little of D. all 4. _ the old woman is in!A. What good health B. How a good health C. What a good health D. How good health What + a(n) + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ What + 形容词 + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语！ How + 形容词 + a(n) + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ How + 主语 + 谓语！ 5. Im going to help _ with _ English.A. a friend of Nancy, hers B. a friend of Nancys, her C. a friend of Nancys, hers D. a friend of Nancy, her 6. The two desks here are _. You may use the desk over there.A. Mary and Jane B. Marys and Janes C. Mary and JanesD. Marys and Janes英语语法专项练习二名词()1Shewasveryhappy.She_inthemathstest.A.makesafewmistakeB.madeafewmistakesC.madefewmistakesD.makesfewmistake()2Weneedsomemore_.Canyougoandgetsome,please?A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.potatoe()3_are_forcuttingthings.A.Knife/usedB.Knives/usedC.Knife/usingD.Knives/using()4Whatbig_thetigerhas!A.toothB.teethC.toothsD.toothes()5Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree_.A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave()6-Canwehavesome_?-Yes,please.A.bananaB.orangesC.appleD.pear()7Onthetabletherearefive_.A.tomatosB.pieceoftomatoesC.tomatoesD.tomato()8Theygotmuch_fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.informationD.stories()9Hegaveus_onhowtokeepfit.A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice()10.Whenwesawhisface,weknew_wasbad.A.somenewsB.anewsC.thenewsP.news()11.What_lovelyweatheritis!A./B.theC.anD.a()12-Wouldyoulike_tea?-No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo_.A-any,bottlesoforangeB.some,bottlesoforangeC.many,bottlesoforangesD.few,bottleoforanges()13.Heishungry.Givehim_toeat.A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreadC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads()14.Itreallytookhim:_todrawthenicehorse.A.sometimesB.hourC.longtimeD.sometime()15.Iwouldliketohave_.A.twoglassesofmilkB.twoglassofmilkIC.twoglassesofmilksD.twoglassofmilks()16.Canyougiveme_?A.ateaB.somecupofteaC.acupteaD.acupoftea|()17.Pleasegiveme_paper.A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof()18.Johnbought_forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes()19.-Howmany_haveyougotonyourfarm?-Ivegotfive.A.sheepsB.sheepC.pigD.chicken()20.Some_cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies21.Inthepicturetherearemany_andtwo.A.sheep;foxesB.sheeps;foxC.sheeps;foxesD.sheep;foxs22.Agroupof_willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.A.HungarianB.AustralianC.JapaneseD.American()23.Thistableismadeof_.A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass()24.-Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?-Idlike_.!A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken()25.Childrenshouldmake_foroldpeopleinabus.A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.theroom)26.Tablesaremadeof_.A.woodB.somewoodsC.woodenD.woods()27.Iwonderwhy_aresointerestedinaction(武打片)films.A.peopleB.peoplesC.thepeopleD.thepeoples()28.Ihaveread_oftheyoungwriter.A.worksB.workC.thisworksD.theworks()29.Letsmeetat7:30outsidethegateof_?A.thePeoplesParkB.thePeoplesParkC.thePeopleParkD.PeoplesPark()30._Chinesepeopleare_hardworkingpeople.A./;aB.We;theC.The;theD.The;a()31.Howmany_werethereinthestreetwhentheaccidenthappened?A.policemanB.policesC.policeD.peoples()32.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller_.A.setB.oneC.pieceD.pair()33.LastweekIboughtaTV_.A.pair.B.setC.pieceD.block()34.Thereisa_ofwoodleftontheground.A.cupB.piece,C.boxD.pair（)35.Therearesixty-seven_inourschool.A.womensteacherB.womenteachersC.womanteachersD.womenteacher()36.Therearefive_inourfactory.A.womandriverB,womendriverC.womandriversD.womendrivers()37.These_weresenttothevillagestohelpthefarmers.A.womendoctorB.womendoctorsC.womandoctorsD.womandoctor()38.Theywritemostoftheir._inEnglish.A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesD.businessesletters()39.Wecametoa_atlast.andwentin.A.watchshopB.watchesshop,C.watchingshopD.watchsshop()40.Thisshopsellsapples,bananasandthingslikethese.Itsa_A.foodshopB.bookshopC.fruitshopD.vegetableshop()41.Shebrokea_whileshewaswashingup.A.glassofwineB.glassforwineC.glasswineD.wineglass()42.Iveforgottenbothofthe_.A.roomnumbers.B.roomsnumberC.roomsnumbersD.roomnumber()43.September10this_inChina.A.TeachersDayB.TeachersDayC.TeacherDayD.TeachersDay()44.-Isthebroomunder_desk?-No,itsunder_,.A.theteachers;myB.teachers;mineC.teachers;meD.theteachers;mine()45.Excuseme,whereisthe_?A.mensroomB.mensroomC.mensroomsD.menroom.()46.Thefootballunderthebedis_.A.LilyandLucyB.LilysandLucysC.LilysandLucyD.LilyandLucys()47.Thisismy_dictionary.A.sisterMaryB.sistersC.sister,MarysD.sistersMarys()48.Hewentto_shoptobuyashirt.A.atailorB.thetailorC.atailorsD.thetailors()49.Joanis_.A.MarysandJacksisterB.MaryandJackssisterC.MaryandJacksisterD.MarysandJackssister()50.Inafew_time,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees.A.yearB.yearsC.yearsD.years()51.Itsabout_walkfrommyhouse.A.tenminuteB.tenminutesC.tenminutesD.tenminutes()52.Thepostofficeisabitfarfromhere.Itsabout_.A.thirtyminutesswalkB.thirtyminuteswalkC.thirtyminuteswalkD.thirtyminuteswalk()53.Half_telephonecallsaremadeinEnglish.A.theworldB.worldC.theworldsD.worlds()54._facetothesouth.A.WindowsoftheroomB.ThewindowsoftheroomC.TheroomswindowsD.Thewindowsinroom()55.Pleasetaketwo_.A.pictureoftheparkB.picturesoftheparkC.thepicturesofaparkD.pictureofapark()56.Theworkersarerepairing_.A.theroofofthehouseB.aroofofthehouseC.roofofthehouseD.thisroofofhouse()57.MissSmithisafriendof_.A.MarysmothersB.MarysmotherC.mothersofMaryD.Marymothers,()58.Thisisabookof_.A.TomB.TomsC.herD.him()59.Thepostcardissentby_.A.afriendofmyfatherB.afriendofmyfathersC.myfatherfriendD.myfatherfriends()60.Sydneyisacityof_.A.AmericaB.GermanyC.AustraliaD.Japan()61.Myfatherlikesbuyingus_.A.carsB.flowersC.peasantsD.presents()62.InEngland,thelastnameisthe_.A.fullnameB.familynameC.middlenameD.givenname()63.MrGaoisateacher.Heworksinanew_.A.shopB.schoolC.factoryD.hospital()64.Myfatherisa_.Heworksinahospital.A.teacherB.doctorC.farmerD.soldier()65.-WhichanimallivesonlyinChina?-The_.A.tigerB.monkeyC.pandaD.elephant()66.Aprilcomebefore_andafter_.A.March;MayB.May;MarchC.June;MayD.March;February()67.Whichofthefollowingisright?A.Chinahasalargepopulation.B.Chinahasmuchpopulation.C.Chinahasmanypopulations.D.Chinahasagreatdealofpop名词 常考知识点 1. 不可数名词。如information, weather, fun, advice, news等, 主要在感叹句中考查。 2. 名词的单复数。写出下列名词的复数形式: photo_ radio_ potato_ tomato_ watch_ diary_ tooth_ foot_ Frenchman _ German_ mouse_ knife _ wolf_ roof_ man doctor _ woman teacher _ boy student_ 3. 既可作可数名词, 又可作不可数名词的词: glass _ (不可数名词) , _(可数名词) paper_(不可数名词), _ (可数名词) chicken_(不可数名词), _(可数名词) 4. 名词的格。翻译: 教师节_ 妇女节_ 母亲节_ 今天的报纸_ 走路10分钟的路程_ 骑自行车20分钟的路程 a_ 一次7天的假期 _ 女子100米赛跑_ 新学期初_ 在医生诊所 我父亲的一个朋友_ 我的一个朋友_ 中考题 ( )1. Does he work hard? Yes, he has read _ since he got to the office this morning.(2000) A. several papers B. several paper C. a piece of paper D. paper ( )2. Is this your room? No. Its _ room. (2000) A. the children B. the childrens C. of the children D. the childrens( )3. How deep is the hole? It is _. (2000) A. four metre deep B. four metres deep C. four-metre deep D. four-metres-deep( )4. Ask the naughty boys not to make any _. I cant fall asleep. (2001) A. voice B. sound C. noise D. singing ( )5. Help yourself to _. Thanks. Mmmmmit tastes good. (2001) A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some c