remain和it用法.doc

不及物动词 vi. W1.剩下,余留A few pearsremain on the trees.树上尚留有几颗梨子。 2.继续存在Little of the original architectureremains.原先的建筑物几乎没有残留。 3.(人)留下;逗留Sheremained in her office all afternoon.她整个下午没有离开办公室。 4.保持,仍是LThis roomremains cool all summer.这个房间整个夏天保持凉爽。 Sheremained silent all night.她整个晚上沉默不语。 5.留待,尚待+to-vSeveral problemsremain to be solved.有好几个问题尚待解决。 6.属于,归属(+with)一、作不及物动词用 1表示“剩下”、“仍有”，只能用于主动语态，不可直接跟宾语。例如： They had all those that remained他们把剩下的全部拿走了。 This visit willalways remain in my memory这次拜访将永远留在我的记忆之中。 2表示“留下”、“逗留”，特指在他人走后留下。例如： They went，but I remained他们走了，但我留了下来。 I shall remain here all the winter整个冬天我将留在这里。 3表示“尚待”、“留待”，后面接被动语态的动词不定式。例如： One problem remains to be solved有一个问题尚待解决。 That remains to be proved那尚待证实。 二、作系动词用 表示“一直保持”、“仍然（处于某种状态）”、“继续存在”、“依然”。 1后面接名词作表语。例如： Language was，is and will remain the chief means of exchange of ideas语言，过去、现在和将来依然是交流思想的主要工具。 In spite of their quarrel，they remained the best friends他们尽管吵过架，却仍不失为最好的朋友。 2后面接形容词作表语。例如： We must always remain modest and prudent我们必须经常保持谦虚、谨慎。 Despite the danger，she re- mained calm尽管危险，可她依然镇定自若。 3后面接介词短语作表语。例如： Victories remain with us胜利属于我们。 4后面接V-ing作表语。例如： She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，她还是站着。 5后面接过去分词作表语。例如： The true author of the book remains unknown这本书真正的作者依然不详。 The situation remains unchanged局势依然未变。1. remain在高中英语中考查四种用法，两个固定句型。1）vi.剩下/残存：remain (+ 介宾/副词)如：Nothing remained on the road after a strong wind.2) vi.逗留/停留：remain (+ 介宾/副词)如：Only a few students remained in the classroom just now.3) vi.依旧/仍然: remain + 形容词/名词如：The secret remains unknown now.4) vi.留待/尚待：此时它有两个固定句型如下：固定句型一：sth/sb remain to be + 过去分词固定句型二：It remain to be seen + whether引导的主语从句如：The problem remained to be solved.It remains to be seen whether hell come or not tomorrow.5）最后补充说明remaining的特殊用法。remaining除了是remain的现在分词/动名词形式外，还可以单独做形容词，意思是“剩下的”。如：You should finish your remaining homework.With several problems remaining to be solved,I cant go fishing with you this weekend.为什么用remaining不能用其它？为什么是to be solved不是to solve？此句考查了“介词with + 宾语several problems + 宾语补足语”结构的用法。如果该结构中采用非谓语动词做宾语补足语的话，则考查宾语和宾补动词的关系。很明显，从remain上述用法可以看出，它是一个不及物动词，没有被动语态，即several problems和remain之间是主动/主谓关系。而且因为宾补所表示的动作已经发生，所以只能用现在分词remaining(如果为发生，用不定式短语to remain.)。只能说“sth remain to be + 过去分词”，不能说“sth remain to do”。所以是remain to be solved，而不是remain to solve. It用法大全一、指无生命、动物、植物和在性别不计或不详时指人和婴儿。There is a person knocking at the door. Who can it be?二、指心目中的人或上文中提到的人或事物，这那它 He is fifty-two, but doesnt look it.Jim is ill. Have you heard of it?三、可以代替指示代词this和thatWhats this/that？ -Its a book。四、作无人称代词的主语，表时间、天气、距离、温度、环境和情况。It was noisy when I got to the room.五-表含糊概念，无补语，指从句叙述内容。I hate it that Ive made so many mistakes.I hate it when you cant discuss things openly.You may depend on it they are valuable.Hows it going with you? 近况如何？Does it itch much? 很痒痒吗？Where does it hurt? 哪儿疼？Now you are in for it. 现在你可以到家了。It says in the Bible, Thou shalt not steal. 圣经上说：勿偷窃。 Hang it all, we cant wait all day for him.见鬼，我们不能整天等他呀！ There is nothing else for it but to stand. 别无他法，只好忍受。Whose turn is it next? 接下来轮到谁了You never had it so good. 日子从来没有这样好。Take it easy. 放松点！不要紧张！How is it in the market? 超市情况如何？六-强调句中使用It is/was+强调部分 （主语，宾语等）+that/who+其余部分。如果强调的是特殊疑问句，表示究竟，到底等语气时，就用结构：疑问词+is/was it that +句子，如：Where was it that you met him? What is it that he wants to see? When was it that you saw him?Why is it that you want to change your idea?这类强调句也可用作表语或宾语。The question is which book it is that you want to buy.He found out who it was that saved the drowning boy.如果强调谓语，谓语动词部分的语气用do，does，did，常译作的确，千万，真的Do be patient! 千万要耐心！He does speak English well。He said he would come and did come.七、作形式宾语a) 谓语动词appreciate, dislike, like, hate, love, make (按时到达，成功)等后接由if或when 等引导的宾语从句时，往往在前面加上形式宾语it。 I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party.2、动词have（表明，坚持说）、take（认为，猜想）、hide（隐藏）、publish（公布）、put（表达，写出来）等后接由that引导的宾语从句时，往往在从句的前面加上形式宾语。I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon.我认为你不久就离开上海。We published it that we had finished the project ahead of time. 我宣布我们已经提前完成了这项工程。3、 动词短语allow for（担保）、count on（期待）、depend on（依靠）、insist on（坚持）、see to（确保）等后接that引导的宾语从句时，必须冠以形式宾语it。 如：I am counting on it that you will come. 我们期待着你的到来。Shell see to it that he goes ahead。 她确保让他先走。八、 作形式主语-it作形式主语，真正的主语可以是to do，doing 和clause等It 做形式主语，真正的主语是动名词，这类结构是it be + adjective/noun + doing, 这类词有nice, good, useless, hard, foolish, enjoyable, worthwhile, 和名词use, good, fun, job, a waste of 等。如：It is no use trying to argue with Shylock.It 作形式主语时，常用于下列四种结构，且由固定译法a) it + be + noun + that-clauseit is a fact that事实上是it is common knowledge that众所周知的是it is a question that是个问题it is a pity that可惜的是it is a wonder that真是个奇迹it is a shame that可耻的是it is an honor that非常荣幸it is a common saying that俗话说it is no good that是没用的it is no use that 做是无用的it is ones turn to do 轮到做it is ones duty to do 做是的职责it is ones fault to do 做是的过错it is worth that 可以看出；可以说；it is no wonder that难怪it is no good that.做是没用的it is no harm that做是无害的，无妨是I think it would be a good idea to do 我认为做是个好主意it is a great joy/pleasure to do 高兴做it is a shame to do 做不光彩it is good manners to do 做是有礼貌的it is a waste of time to do做是浪费时间b) it + be + adjective + that-clauseit is certain that很肯定的是 it is clear/evident that很清楚it is unlikely that未必会，不见得，不太可能it is likely that很可能it is better that最好it is natural that很自然it is necessary that.有必要it is obvious that 很明显it is important that.重要的是，是重要的it is impossible that是不可能的c) it + be + past participle + that-clauseit is said/reported that据说/报道it is demanded that按要求it is estimated that据统计it is believed that 据认为；人们认为it can be said that可以说it can be seen that 可见，可以说it has been proved that已经证明it has been shown that业已表明it must be pointed that必须指出it must be admitted that 必须指出/承认，it must be realized that 必须意识到it is acknowledged that. 应该承认it is announced that据称，有人宣称it is observed that 值得注意的是it is arranged that.已经商定it is pointed out that.有人指出it is proposed that 有人提议，一般认为it is regarded/thought that 人们认为it is considered that 人们认为，据估计it is declared that据宣称，有人宣布it is described that 据说，it is expected that人们希望，预期it is generally accepted that通常人们认为it is believed/recognized that 普遍认为it is hoped that人们希望it should be noted that 应该注意/指出。；it used to be said that .常言道it was noted above that 如上所述it will be said that 有人会说it will be seen from that 由此可见it is stated that据称；据说；有人说；一般认为it is suggested that 有人提议；据建议it is supposed that 据推测；假定；人们猜测it is usually considered that 通常认为it is well known that 大家都知道，众所周知it is not settled whether 是否还未决定d) it + be + intransitive verb + that-clauseit seems that/as if 好像是it happens/happened that 碰巧it follows that 由此可见it matters that 要紧的是it occurs/occurred to sb that 某人想到it struck me that 我突然想到it appears to that .在看来似乎it doesnt matter if/whether 即使也无妨it goes without saying that 不言而喻it is not until that直到才it is up to somebody to do 该做it remains to be proved that 尚待证明it remains to be seen that 尚待分晓it remains for sb to do 有待某人做it so fell out that 结果是，终于it turned out that证明是，结果是it is worth notice that 值得注意的是it looks as if 看起来好像，似乎it makes no difference that都是一样，无区别it is not just like sb to do 某人不会做it takes somebody something to do 某人花费做九、习惯用法it all depends=that depends 视情况而定if it is convenient to you 如果你方面的话believe it or not 信不信由你take it easy 别着急，慢慢来，别紧张， as it is 但是实际上，其实see (to it ) that 设法使，务必做到what become of somebody/something 是的结局，发生于 if it had not been for 若不是=but forafter what seemed +时间it was not long before 不久就cab it 乘车 brave it out 拼命干到底walk it 步行 do/go it alone单枪匹马的干beat it =go away 滚make it =succeed in doing 办成功come it 尽自己的分内事come it strong 做的过分lord it over 欺压take it out of sb 拿某人出气have it out with sb 和某人讲个明白be hard put to it 在艰难之中Youre it. 你下一个（用于儿童游戏中）Is that it? = Is that all you wanted me for? 你要的就是这些吗？十、 Its + adj + for/of somebody to do sth选择of 还是for，要根据形容词来决定，如果表示人的内在品质，后面引出的名词既是前面形容词的主语，也是动词不定式的逻辑主语，那么用of, 这类形容词有kind, brave, merciful, fine, cruel, selfish, stupid, clever, wise, unfair等；如果表示难易程度，可能性，等外在的特征，而且所引出的词只作后面动词不定式的主语，这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, impossible, possible, convenient 等等。比如：It is easy for you to make it.It is impossible for him to walk 30 miles within one minute.It is very kind of you to help me.It is wise of you to take his advice.十一、it 引起的容易混淆的时间句型1、 it is/has been +段时间+since-clause 这个句型表示从since谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意思为：自从以来已经多久了，主句多采用一般现在时，从句用过去时，如果表示过去的情况，since 主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时，或主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。要注意：since引导时间状语从句时，从句若使用终止性动词，则表示该时间是从现在算起的；若使用延续性的动词，则表示时间是从过去算起的。如：Its five years since they got married.（从现在算起） Its five years since they were married. (从过去算起) It is three years since his father passed away.2、 it be +段时间+before-clause -这个句型中的时间是段时间（long years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes）,主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意思为：过多长时间才。主句谓语动词是否定式时，意思为：没过多长时间就。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时will be，用was时，before从句的时态用一般过去时，用will be时，从句常用一般现在时。如It was not long before he learned those poems by heart.她没过多久就会背那些诗了。It was long before the police arrived.It will be hours before he makes a decision.It will not be hours before we meet again.3、 it be +点时间+when-clause这个句型中，it指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词，时间为具体时间。主句中的谓语部分和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，主句是will be时，从句中用一般现在时替换将来时。如：It was already 8 oclock we got there.It will be late afternoon when they get there.it be +时间+that-clause 此句型为强调句型4、 it be +high/about 时间+that-clause 此句型是个虚拟语气句型，表示是该做的时候了，此时无论主句中的be是什么时态，从句中的谓语动词一律用一般过去时或者should do，high和about是用以加强语气的。如：It is high time that we he went to school.It is time that we should make people