新概念二上半册知识点总结.docx

新概念二 上半册知识点总结一 短语Private conversation私人谈话In this way用这种方法Talking loudly大声的谈话Sent message发送信息Have a seat有个座位Request for需求Pay attention to注意Ask for要求，要Its none of your business与你无关In return for作为的回报Business is business就事论事Call at拜访某地Just then就在那时Call on拜访某人Not until直到才Try to do尝试做某事In public公然的To ones surprise令惊讶的是Public company上市公司Full of充满Make a decision作出决定Main reason主要原因Receive from收到Sand and stones石头和沙子Go abroad出国A large crowd of people一大群人Different with和不同Refuse to do sth拒绝做某事Different from区别于At that moment在那是Cover the distance覆盖的距离Laugh at嘲笑Minutes hand分针Pay back还钱Belong to属于Pay for为支付Recent years近些年Its my turn轮到我了Serious damage严重损坏You deserve it你活该，你应得的Borrow from向借Early in the morning一大早Set out出发，启程Pay the bill付账Be proud of以为骄傲In a hurry匆忙的At present目前What a pity真遗憾At the station在车站At any moment随时As usual像往常一样Just then就在那时Keep order保持秩序At once立刻，马上As soon as一就Catch bus赶公车Apart from除了Instead of代替On the stage在舞台上Give up放弃At least至少Be interested in对感兴趣In spite of虽然Drive sb mad使发疯Take part in参加A large sum of一大笔Grow up长大Determined to do sth决定做Complain about抱怨Have a dream做梦Wicked world邪恶的世界Dream of doing梦想做某事Have a picnic野餐Of ones own age和同龄的At the edge of在边缘Decide to do决定做Run after追赶Work on开始做In ones possession归所有Continue to do继续做某事Out of breath上气不接下气Even though即使Go through翻看Look forward to期待，期盼Catch up with赶上Set out出发Run away跑开World record世界纪录A great many很多Set up建立Put up搭起，建起Wrap up打包Gimps of一撇Account for说明 的原因Pick up捡起，接送，Be astonished at对感到惊讶Regret doing后悔做某事A pile of一堆Remind sb of提醒某人某事Admit doing成人做过某事Look like看起来像Occur to突然想到Fix on盯着For sale出售Be busy doing忙于做In answer to作为对的回答Not any more不再Search out搜索In despair绝望中A distance of的距离Refuse to do拒绝做某事As quickly as possible尽可能的快Ask for要求Than usual比平常The following day第二天Of ones own自己的Inquire about打听Cut cross穿过At last最终In sight在视线内Bitterly cold苦寒Out of sight不在视线内，看不见In the end最终Since then从那时起For a moment片刻，一会On the occasion在情况下Some times几次Believe sb相信某人的话Sometime某时Sleep soundly睡的香Some time一段时间Wake up醒来Sometimes有时Pull out拔出二. Grammar1.时态时态定义结构时间状语例句一般现在时指经常发生的，习惯性的动作，或是客观真理主语+vOften ,always,usually, sometimes,neverHe always asks me many questions.现在进行时现阶段正在发生的动作主语+be+v-ingNow, at this momentIm having breakfast一般过去式过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态主语+v-edYesterday, last week, in 1990,last nightI went to school yesterday.过去进行时描述一个过去特定时刻正在进行的动作（既有过去又有进行）主语+waswere+v-edThis morning,all day, yesterday, last evening,when,while,at that time,. just nowYou came back while I was telephoning.现在完成时过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。主语+havehas+过去分词yet,just,before, recently, lately, ever, never, so far(迄今为止), up till now(直到现在), up to now(直到现在), since(自从), for a long time(很长时间), in the past/in the last few years(在过去的几年里), these days(目前),Tom has been to Beijing twice。He has taught English foe 5 years过去完成时开始于过去的某一时刻的动作持续到过去另一时刻位置，动作的开始是“过去的过去”，动作的结束是“过去”，所以，过去完成时不能独立过去而单独存在主语+had+过去分词after, as soon as, when, by the timeuntil. before等。I got to the cinema after the film had begun.I had seen the film before I read the book.一般将来时发生在未来某一时刻的动作。主语+willbe going to +v原型tomorrow, next year, in+一段时间from now on, soonI am going to leave tonight.2. 可数名词和不可数名词可数名词是指：能用数字计算的事物名称，如，one house，two houses；不可数名词是指：不能用数字计算的名称的词，如beer，cheese。英语不说a beer ， a cheese .英语中不可数名词都没有复数。若想在不可数名词前加表达数量的词则“量词+of”如： a glass of water, a piece of cheese.常见不可数名词: milk, beer, water, honey, cheese, paper, butter, chicken, beef, medicine等3. 比较级与最高级：形容词和副词的比较级只限于两者之间，三者或者三者以上必须用最高级。形容词副词变化规律：1.直接在词尾加erest 如：great-greater-greatest2. 以e结尾的加rst 如：free-freer-freest3.以辅音+y结尾的，变y为i+erest 如:happy-happier-happiest4.辅音结尾的重读闭音节，双写福音字母+erest5.三个火三个以上的 多音节词 加more或most6.不规则变化：Many-more-mostLittle-less-lestGood-better-best比较级：A +be +形容词比较级+than +BEg:她比她姐姐高 she is taller than her sister.最高级：A+be+the+形容词最高级+比较范围Eg:她是他们班里最高的。She is the tallest in their class.原级比较：asas Eg: 她和他姐姐一样高She is as tall as her sister4. 表示时间的介词：at，in，on，byAt：具体的某一时间点，如：at 8:30，at midnight在午夜在某个节日或一年中的大日子表示较短暂的一段时间at New Year, at Christmas.In:后接年，季度，月份 in 1998，in summer，in MayOn：具体的某一天，on Sunday.在特定的某个早上，下午，晚上。 On the night of 6th.By:不迟于，在某时前 如： by 5 oclock五点前 在期间，在的时候 如：by day 白天，by night 晚上5. 被动语态：语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。汉语往往用被、受、给等词来表示被动意义。结构：be+过去分词一般现在时: is/am/are done一般过去时: was/were done现在进行时: is/am/are being done现在完成时: have/has been done过去完成时: had been done一般将来时: will be done过去进行时: was/were being done情态动词: can be done, must be done, could be done, may be done, might be done,6. 直接引语和间接引语： 定义：一字不改的引述别人的话叫直接引语。 用说话人自己的话专属别人的话叫间接引语。 1.直接引语为陈述句：用that引导，that后用陈述句语序。 The teacher said:”you must bring your book to me”The teacher said that I must bring my book to her.2.直接引语为疑问句：用whether，if引导 He said :” are you will leave tomorrow?”He asked us whether I will leave tomorrow.3.直接引玉为特殊疑问句：用原特殊疑问词引导 “who will help me”? He asked.He asked who would help him.7. 条件句：条件句是表示某种条件下，预期会产生某种结果的表达方法。1.从句用现在时，主句用将来时。Eg:如果你现在走，你就会及时到达If you leave now, you will arrive in time.Eg:如果你现在努力学习你将来就会有钱。If you study hard now, you will be rich.Eg:如果他不忙，他就会来。If he is not busy, he will come.2.还可以用于表示命令或劝告，主句用现在时，从句用祈使句Eg:如果你出错了，改正它.If you make a mistake, correct it.8.must和have to：9. Have 的用法：1.作为助动词，帮助完成各种时态。2.“有”一般不用于进行时,疑问句及否定式构成方式多用助动词do，否定式为havent 和hasnt：Do you have money? I havent any money.3.和许多名词一起用表示一种活动或动作:Have a holiday 度假Have dinner 吃饭Have a bath 洗澡Have a smoke 吸烟10. May 和 can：1.may(might)和can（could）都表示请求许可，委婉度排名为can-could -may-mightCan I look at your book?Could I look at your book?May I look at your book?Might I look at your book?2.May 和might 也用来表示猜测，might 可能性比may小，过去式为maymight +have +doneI may call you tomorrow.（不肯定）I might call you tomorrow.