高一英语知识点总结(下册)教学知识点归纳总结.docx

中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台高一英语知识点总结（下册）教学知识点归纳总结 英语小窍门 句型与句子结构(句型层次表)第一层 第二层 例句简单句 主 谓 I am coming.主 谓 宾 I like cats.主 谓 宾 宾 I bought you a book. I bought a book for you.主 谓 宾 补 I seldom see him do morning exercises.主 谓 表 I am a teacher. He is very tall.并列句 主谓 + 主谓 (and, or, but, for) I phoned him but there was no answer.复合句 主语从句 名词性从句 What he told me yesterday is true.宾语从句 I know that he is an American.表语从句 This is how he broke the door.同位语从句 His suggestion that we set off now has been accepted.定语从句 This is the room where he was born.状语从句 Before he came here, he had learnt Chinese for years. 重点词汇解析 1. stomach n. 肚子，胃，复数为stomachs。肚子疼：stomachache构成短语有：have a pain in the stomach 胃(腹)疼lie on ones stomach 俯卧have the stomach for 对有兴趣turn ones stomach 使恶心on an empty/a full stomach 空着肚子/吃饱2. bar n.(1)条状物；棒a bar of soap 一条肥皂 a bar of chocolate 一条巧克力 a bar of gold一根金条(2)酒吧 a coffee bar(3)固定短语：behind bars 在狱中3. diet n.(1)正常饮食 a balanced diet 均衡的饮食 a diet of potatoes 土豆食品(2)饮食限制 go on a diet=be on a diet 节食, 节食No sugar in my coffee; Im dieting.4. disease n. 疾病 a serious disease of the liver 严重的肝病diseased adj. 有病的 a diseased plant病态的植物辨析：illness, diseaseillness：很少指具体疾病，只表示抽象的疾病和生病的状态。disease: 指可以染上和传染他人的疾病。e. g. Several children are away from school because of illness.几个孩子因生病没上学。He has a rare heart disease.他得了一种罕见的心脏病。5. probably 与 possibly比较(1)probably 极有可能, 有几分根据的猜测; 比possibly所指的可能性大些。e. g. He is working hard and clever as well many people can help him. He will probably win.他工作努力，人也聪明；很多人愿意帮助他。他极有可能取胜。(2)possibly 可能地。表示客观上潜在的可能性，可能性比probably小，经常与情态动词can 或may 连用。e. g. She may possibly be the greatest writer of her generation.她或许是她那一代人中最伟大的作家。6. promise v. &n. 允诺；答应动词用法：后接名词或代词、不定式、that 从句(1)They promised an immediate reply. 他们答应立刻回复。(2)He promised me to be here at six oclock.=He promised me that he would be here at six oclock. 他答应我他将在六点在这里等我。(3)I promised you not to say that. 我答应你不说那件事。(4)It promises to be warm this afternoon. 今天下午有望转暖。(5)He is a promising boy. 他是一个有前途的男孩。名词用法：make a promise 许下诺言 give a promise 许下诺言 keep a promise 信守诺言 carry out a promise 履行诺言break a promise违背诺言7. brain n.(1)用作不可数名词，大脑The brain is the centre of higher nervous activity.大脑是高等神经活动的中枢。(2)用作可数名词brains，智力，头脑She has a good brain. =She has good brains.她很聪明。8. advise, suggest用法(1)advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advise doing sth. 建议做某事。advise that(should) + 动词原形I advise you to leave now. 我建议你现在就离开。I advise waiting till the proper time. 我建议等到适当时机(才行动)。We advise that steps (should) be taken at once. 我们建议立即采取措施。(2)suggest建议，其句型为suggest doing sth. 建议做某事suggest ones doing sth. =suggest sb. doing建议某人去做某事suggest that(should) + 动词原形We suggested that the old museum(should)be rebuilt as soon as possible.我们建议那座旧博物馆应该尽早重修。9diet与food的区别：diet指的是习惯的食物或规定的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物。food指能吃喝的具有营养的东西。例如：The doctor has ordered me a special diet.医生给我安排了特殊的饮食。I like a simple diet best.我最喜欢粗茶淡饭。We must have food to eat and clothes to wear.我们必须有食物吃，有衣服穿。The patient must not go without food, but he must have a diet without sugar.这个病人不可不吃东西，但要吃不含糖的饮食。 重点词组解析 1. plenty of充分的，大量的，既可修可数名词又可修不可数名词，只用于陈述句，在疑问句中一般用enough，在否定句中用many 或much。注意：plenty of前面没有冠词a, 不可误记成a plenty of。Make sure there is plenty of food for everyone. We have plenty of chairs here.in plenty 充足地There is food in plenty. =There is plenty of food.2be careful用法归纳(1)be careful 单独使用，当心Be careful！The pan is hot! 当心！锅很热。(2)be careful about对谨慎I hope youll be careful in future about the things you say.我希望你将来对所说事谨慎。(3)be careful of留神We have to be careful of what they are doing.我们得留神他们做的什么。(4)be careful with注意You must be more careful with your work.你们需注意你们的工作。有时be careful表示吝啬。Hes too careful with his money; he never buys a drink for anyone.他太吝啬了，他从不给别人买杯水。(5)be careful not to do sth. 小心不要做We want to be careful not to break anything.我们要小心不要打破任何东西。(6)be careful+从句 加以小心Be careful what you do. 小心你做的一切。3keep up with 跟上（防止落后）keep up with the class 跟上班级（不掉队）keep up with the development of society 适应社会的发展keep up with the going on 跟上时尚注意：catch up with （已经落后）赶上4Be +adj +to短语(1)be harmful to对有害be +adj. +to sb. /sth. 指对某人或某物有影响或态度如何。be good to=be kind to对态度好be friendly to对友好be cruel to对凶残be bad to对态度不好be polite/impolite to对有礼貌/无礼貌be rude to对粗鲁5cut短语总结：(1)cut into把切成Vegetables should be cut into small pieces and dropped into the boiling water.蔬菜应切成小碎块放进开水里。(2)cut up 切碎Mom is cutting up the meat to make dumplings.妈妈正剁肉准备包饺子。(3)cut down 砍倒；削减If you cut down the trees, you will ruin the land.如果你砍伐树木，就会毁坏土地。I have decided to cut down my smoking. 我决定戒烟。(4)cut off 切断，停掉Our water supply has been cut off again. 我们的供水再次中断。6Short短语(1)be short of 缺少Im short of money this week, can you lend me some？这星期我缺钱，你能借我一点?(2)run short 几乎用光Weve run short of oil. 我们已经用光油了。The supply of oil is running short. 供应的油快要用光了。 重点句型解析 1It was a bit green. 它还有点生。1)句中的green意为“没有成熟的”，是ripe的反义词。例如：We dont like to eat green fruit./ The apples are still too green to pick.2)a bit作程度副词，与a little同义。例如：Im a bit/ a little tired. / Could you drive a bit/ a little slower?3)但是，not a bit not at all,而not a littlevery/ much. 例如：Im not a bit tired. 我一点不累 Im not a little tired.我很累。2While you are at school, or walking home, your body is burning up 100 calories an hour.你在学校上课或步行回家时，你体内每小时消耗100卡。1)burn up意为“烧掉”、“烧毁”，在本句中意为“消耗掉”。例如：He burned up all the old letters. 他把过去的全部信件都烧掉了。The house burned up before they got there.他们到达那儿之前，房子已烧毁了。2)up与一些动词构成短语时，有“完结”、“终结”的意思。如eat up 吃光，drink up喝光， tear up 撕碎，use up 用完，lock up锁好。3. Eating habits become part of who we are.饮食习惯变成我们自身的一部分。who we are 为介词of 的宾语从句。eating habits 为动名词短语作句子的主语。动名词或不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实part of 的一部分Part of the building was destroyed in the fire.大楼的一部分被火烧毁了。a part of 指不足一半，意为“一小部分”。We spent a part of our holiday in France.我们的一部分假期是在法国度过的。4The Chinese eat less sugar than many other countries in the world.中国人吃的糖比世界上其它许多国家的人都少。 1)the Chinese 指（全体）中国人。以ese结尾的表示国籍的词与定冠词连用时，表示整个国家的人。例如：the Japanese(全体)日本人，the Vietnamese(全体)越南人。但指该国单个的人时，则是a Chinese, a Japanese, a Vietnamese.5They eat a lot of sugar in the form of cakes, soft drinks,sweets and so on.他们吃蛋糕、软饮料、糖果等，其中含有大量的糖。 1)in the form of 意为“以的形式”。例如：He made the suggestion in the form of a question. 他以提问题的形式提出建议。 He expressed his feelings in the form of letters.他用写信来表达自己的感情。 He wrote a novel in the form of a diary.他以日记的形式写了一本小说。6In some parts of Britain, one person in ten, by the age of thirty, has no teeth left! 在英国有些地方，十分之一的人年方三十，牙齿就都脱光了！ 1)one person in ten 是“十个中有一个”的意思，也可说成one person out of ten。 例如：One in every four children had bad teeth./ Nine in ten people agreed with us./ 2)by the age of意“岁之前”“到岁时”，at the age of 意“在岁时She had learned to play the piano by the age of ten.十岁之前，他就学会弹钢琴。He died at the age of 90.他九十岁去世。7Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.开张后的头几天，许多人到那家餐馆去吃饭。1)score作“二十”解，和数字连用时，不可加s，如a score of eggs(20个蛋)，four score and seven years ago(87年前)。但scores of则为固定词组，意为“许多”。例如：A score or more attended the meeting.20多人出席会议。I have been there scores of times.我到那儿去过多次了。 2)first后面跟复数名词时，意为“头几个”、“头一批”。例如： For the first few weeks, they didnt talk to each other.头几个星期，他们彼此不曾讲过话。He was one of the first people to discover America.他是首批发现美洲的人之一。 语法精讲 情态动词had better, should及 ought to的用法(1)had better 最好加动词原形Youd better get some sleep. 你最好睡一会儿。Id better not disturb him. 我最好不打扰他了。后接be doing sth. 表示最好立即做某事I think Id better be going.我想我最好立刻走。祈使句中had省略Better not wait for them. 最好不等他们。反义疑问句用hadYoud better put away your socks, hadnt you? 你最好把你袜子收拾好，难道不行吗？You had better not follow her, had you？你最好不要跟她，不是吗？(2)should 与ought to 应该ought to 的口气比should 稍重一些，更侧重于某件事责任、义务上该做的事情。should表示某件事宜于做。下列句子两个词不宜换用：You are his father. You ought to take care of him.你是他的父亲，就应该照顾他。We should not use too many big words in our everyday speech.我们不应该说太多的大话在我们的日常讲话中。ought to 的句式变化否定句：You ought not =(oughtnt) to write so carelessly.你不该写得这样粗心。疑问句：Ought we to give him a chance to try？我们该给他机会试一试?与完成时连用should/ought to have done sth.本应该做(而实际没做)We ought to have finished our homework on time.我们本应该按时完成作业。shouldnt/oughtnt to have done sth.本不应该做(而实际做了)They oughtnt to have come back so late.他们本不该回来这样晚。 同步练习 1Four_ of students took part in the sports meeting. A .hundred B .hurdreds C .score D .scores2He made the suggestion _ the form of a question. A .with B .by C .on D .in3Your English is very good._ A .Thank you. Im glad you think so. B .No, my English is very poor. C .Is that true? D .Dont you think so?4Our home is always _ love and understanding. A .rich for B .rich in C .high with D .high by5I hope youll forget all the unhappiness I have _you. A .caused B .given C .offered D .handed6Why dont we go and play football? _. A .Yes, I think so B.I can play football C .Its a good game D .Thats a good idea7What is the matter_ the taperecorder? A .about B .for C .from D .with 8You_ better_the thing to be done. A .had; not to cause B .had; not cause C .hadnt; cause D .hadnt; causing9The doctor advises that the patient_more exercise. A .take B .takes C .will take D .to take10Do about nine children_ ten like eating sweets? A .from B .in C .among D .between11She was too excited to fall_last night. A .sleep B .asleep C .sleepy D .sleeping12Im not feeling well. Im not_. I advise you_. A .surprising; to lose weight B .surprised; will lose weight C .surprised; to lose weight D .surprising; losing weight13In winter we see water fall_of snow. A .instead B .in the form C .in front D .in drops14He was lucky enough not to be hurt_ in the accident. A .a bit B .a little C .any D .very15The reason_he is absent from school is _ he was badly hurt while riding. A .that; why B .why; that C .why; because D .which; as参考答案 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.B 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.B 课外阅读 The Wolf and the LambWOLF, meeting with a Lamb astray from the fold, resolved not to lay violent hands on him, but to find some plea to justify to the Lamb the Wolfs right to eat him. He thus addressed him:Sirrah, last year you grossly insulted me. Indeed, bleated the Lamb in a mournful tone of voice, I was not then born. Then said the Wolf , You feed in my pasture. No, good sir, replied the Lamb, I have not yet tasted grass. Again said the Wolf, You drink of my well. No, exclaimed the Lamb, I never yet drank water, for as yet my mothers milk is both food and drink to me. Upon which the Wolf seized him and ate him up, saying, Well! I wont remain supperless, even though you refute every one of my imputations. The tyrant will always find a pretext for his tyranny.狼与小羊 一只小羊在河边喝水，狼见到后，便想找一个名正言顺的借口吃掉他。于是他跑到上 游，恶狠狠地说小羊把河水搅浑浊了，使他喝不到清水。小羊回答说，他仅仅站在河边喝 水，并且又在下游，根本不可能把上游的水搅浑。狼见此计不成，又说道：“我父亲去年被 你骂过。”小羊说，那时他还没有出生。狼对他说：“不管你怎样辩解，反正我不会放过 你。”这说明，对恶人做任何正当的辩解也是无效的。The Bat and the WeaselsA BAT who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life. The Weasel refused, saying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was set free. Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by another Weasel, whom he likewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had a special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time escaped. It is wise to turn circumstances to good account. 蝙蝠与黄鼠狼 蝙蝠掉落在地上，被黄鼠狼叼去，他请求饶命。黄鼠狼说绝不会放过他，自己生来痛恨 鸟类。蝙蝠说他是老鼠，不是鸟，便被放了。后来蝙蝠又掉落了下来，被另一只黄鼠狼叼 住，他再三请求不要吃他。这只黄鼠狼说他恨一切鼠类。蝙蝠改口说自己是鸟类，并非老 鼠，又被放了。这样，蝙蝠两次改变了自己的名字，终于死里逃生。 这故事说明，我们遇事要随机应变方能避免危险。Unit14 Festivals 英语小窍门 十二条经典英语谚语1. Pain past is pleasure. (过去的痛苦就是快乐。)2. Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand. (脑中有知识，胜过手有金钱。)3. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，无所不成。)4. All things are difficult before they are easy. (凡事必先难后易。)5. Great hopes make great man. (伟大的理想造就伟大的人。)6. God helps those who help themselves. (天助自助者。)7. Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little, bit more. (四个简短的词汇概括了成功的秘诀：多一点点！) 比别人多一点努力、多一点自律、多一点决心、多一点反省、多一点学习、多一点实践、多一点疯狂，多一点点就能创造奇迹！8. In doing we learn. (实践长才干。) 9. East or west, home is best. (东好西好，还是家里最好。)10. Two heads are better than one. (三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。) 11. Good company on the road is the shortest cut. (行路有良伴就是捷径。)12. Constant dropping wears the stone. (滴水穿石) 重点词汇解析 1. hono(u)r vt.(1)尊敬e. g. Children should honour their father and mother. 孩子应该尊敬父母。(2)对表示敬意e. g. Flowers were placed there to honour his memory.鲜花摆放在那里为了纪念他(3)使感到荣幸e. g. You honour us by being with us today.今天你和我们在一起这是我们的荣幸。I am honoured to be asked to speak here. 被邀请在此讲话是我的荣幸。honour n.(1)荣誉，光荣(不可数名词)e. g. They fight for the honour of their country. 他们为祖国的荣誉而战。(2)(高尚)人格，信誉(不可数名词)A man of honour would not behave in so cowardly way.一个高尚的人行为处事不会这么懦弱。(3)尊敬，敬重(不可数)e. g. One must show honour to ones parents. 一个人必须尊敬父母。(4)使感到光荣的人或事，荣幸(可数，多作单数)e. g. Its an honour to meet you. 见到你十分荣幸。比较：in honour of 为了(纪念或表示敬意而举行某活动)e. g. It is only a dance in honour of her birthday. 这只是纪念她生日的一个舞会。A memorial meeting was held in his honour. 为了纪念他而举行纪念会。have the honour (of)有幸, 荣幸地e. g. May I have the honour of your company at dinner？我能有幸与您共进晚餐吗？2. determine vt.(1)决定e. g. His future has not been determined, but he may study medicine.他还没决定好未来，但他可能学医。Can we now determine the date for our party? 我们现在能决定派对的日期吗？(2)决心，决意，决定(作某事)，(用过去分词)决心，下定决心determine+不定式to doe. g. She determined to go that very afternoon. 她决心就在那个下午走。determine+从句He had been determined that no one should know.他决意不让任何人知道。determined 过去分词作定语或表语，果断，坚定，坚决e. g.His voice was determined, and his eyes were flashing.他的声音很坚决，他的眼睛闪闪发亮。determination n.(1)决心(不可数)e. g. He came with the determination of staying/to stay one week.他决心呆一周。(2)决定(不可数，间或加不定冠词)e. g. The boy came to a determination to run away from school. 男孩决定逃学。self-determination n. 自主，自我决定3. purpose n. 目的，意图，目标e. g. What is your purpose in doing this? 你做这件事的目的是什么？比较：forpurpose为了目的on purpose 有意地，故意地，特意e. g. If I go there in future, it will be for the purpose of seeing you.如果我今后去那儿的话，就是为了见你。Ive come on purpose to speak to you. 我来是特意要与你谈谈。She did it on purpose. 她是故意那样做。4. reminder n. 提醒的人(物)，暗示e. g. Please give me a reminder this afternoon to phone him.请下午提醒我给他打电话。remind v. 使想起，提醒(1)+ of短语 e. g. That story you have just told reminds me of an experience I once had.你刚刚讲的故事使我想起了我曾经有过的经历。(2)+ sb. to do e. g. Please remind me to write that letter. 请提醒我写信。(3)+从句 e. g. The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.看见时钟使我想起我迟到了。5.compare v.(1)compare with比较，指同类事物的具体比较e. g. Compare these two languages, and we can see there are differences as well as similarities.比较这两种语言，可以发现它们有同有异。Parents like to compare their own children with other children.父母们总喜欢把自己的孩子与别的孩子进行比较。(2) compare to 比作， 指非同类事物的抽象比较e. g. Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 莎士比亚把人世比作舞台。People often compare girls to flowers. 人们经常把女孩子比作花朵。(3) compared to/ with与比起来，常在句中作状语，可位于句首或句尾，to和with可通用。It was a small place then compared to/ with what it is now.和现在比起来，那时它还是个小地方。6. 表示穿着的动词(1)put on 表示穿上的动作e. g. He put on his coat and went out hurriedly.他穿上外衣匆匆忙忙地出去了。(2) wear表示穿着状态，意义最广，可用于衣服、鞋、帽、袜、手套、眼镜、手表、徽章、首饰，还可表示头发、胡须的式样，带有某种表情或样子。e. g. He was a short man wearing thick glasses.他是一个带着厚厚的眼镜的矮小的人。(3) dress既可表示动作也可表示状态，作及物动词时，后面宾语是人，即dress sb. / oneself (in sth. )或be dressed in sth.e. g. She dr