立体花坛中雕塑性语言的运用.doc

立体花坛中雕塑性语言的运用Stereo flower bed sex in the use of language sculpture摘要 立体花坛又称为“植物雕塑”，作为花坛的一种，却和雕塑有着相似性的语言，能让人在欣赏的过程中产生美的愉悦、美的联想、美的思考。The three-dimensional flower bed, also known as plant sculpture, as a kind of flower beds, but there are similar and sculpture of language, can let a person in the appreciation of the process has the beautiful, beautiful, beautiful pleasant associations thinking.基于这种相通性，本文从形态、文化、材料、科技四个方面来分析立体花坛中雕塑性语言的运用，旨在赋予立体花坛更多的表现形和内涵，为国内立体花坛的设计提供新思路和新方法。Based on this are many, this paper, from the form, culture, material, science and technology, and the analysis of three-dimensional flower bed sex language sculpture, aims to give three-dimensional flower bed more performance form and connotation, for the domestic stereo flower bed design provides new ideas and new methods.关键词 立体花坛 雕塑语言Key words three-dimensional sculpture language flower beds立体花坛作为外来绿化新事物，在国内的发展虽只有短短的几年，但立体花坛的设计质量、植物配置、施工养护上却均有很大的提高。Stereo flower bed as an exotic green new things, development in home although only few short years, but the design quality, three-dimensional flower bed plant configuration, construction curing but on all have very big improvement.1、立体花坛的概念、起源与国内的引入1, three-dimensional flower bed with domestic concept, origin of introduction立体花坛的直译被称为“马赛克文化”（Mosaiculture），又称“植物雕塑”，英汉字典将其翻译为“模纹花坛”，事实上立体花坛早已超越了“模纹花坛”的内涵。Stereo flower bed literal translation is called Mosaic culture (Mosaiculture), say again plant sculpture, the english-chinese dictionary translation for die lines flower bed, in fact stereo flower bed had already surpassed the mold lines flower bed content.随着绿化技术的不断发展，大家对于花坛的理解有所不同，解释的意思大致相同，但还不能形成一个明晰且完整的概念，而花坛的内涵和外延也在科技和经济的飞速发展中继续扩充，促使人们的理解不断更新。With the continuous development of green technology, people have different understanding to flower bed, explaining the meaning is roughly same, but still cant form a clear and complete concept, and at the connotation and extension of the science and technology and also in the rapid development of economy to continue expansion, encourage people to understand the update.本文所指的立体花坛是指运用一年生或多年生的小灌木或草本植物，结合园林色彩美学及装饰绿化原则，经过合理的植物配置，将植物种植在二维或三维的立体构架上而形成的具有立体观赏效果的植物艺术造型，代表一种形象、物体或传达信息。This article referred to the stereo flower bed is refers to the use of the annual or small shrubs or perennial herbaceous plants, combined with the garden colour aesthetic and decoration greening principle, after reasonable plant configuration, will plants in 2 d or 3 d stereoscopic structure and form of ornamental plants have stereo effect of art, represents a kind of image, object or convey information.【1】【 1 】作为立体花坛早期发展模式的模纹花坛是在1860年开始盛行，人们用五色草等小型观叶植物拼成密集的花坛，形成地毯式的铺设效果，图案上经历了从几何图案到动物、蝴蝶图案的变化。As a three-dimensional flower bed early development model of mold lines flower bed is started in 1860 in vogue, people use colored grass and other small foliage plants Mosaic intensive flower bed, form the laid of carpet effect, design experience from the geometric pattern to animals, butterfly pattern of change.【2】【 2 】而具有艺术性的大型立体花坛诞生于2000年欧洲的蒙特利尔，那里的园艺家突发奇想，搭建好钢结构，内部用泥土填充种植色彩各异的花草，生硬雄伟的钢结构与柔软又生气盎然的植物相结合，一下子产生了炫目灿烂的艺术效果。And artistics large-scale three-dimensional flower bed was born in Montreal in 2000 Europe, where the gardener abrupt fantasy, building the good steel structure, internal with mud filling colourful flowers and plants grow, curt magnificent steel structure and soft and exuberant plants, and the combination of suddenly produced glaring bright artistic effect.【3】3我国于2006年的“上海国际立体花坛大赛”正式将其引入，那生动活泼的形式、雄浑大气的结构、自然灵动的颜色一下子令国内绿化行业耳目一新，迅速提高了景点的绿化布置水平，并取得了量与质的飞跃。Our country in 2006, Shanghai international stereo flower bed competition formal will introduce into the, the lively form and vigorous structure, natural atmosphere of a clever to domestic green color industry find everything new and fresh, quickly improve the attractions of afforest decorate level, and has obtained the volume and quality leap.2、立体花坛与雕塑同一的造型本质2, three-dimensional flower bed and sculpture the modelling of the same nature苏姗格朗认为“雕塑是感觉空间能动体积的意象”，雕塑艺术是灿烂美术长河中绚烂的一章，用各种可塑材料，创造出可视、可触的艺术形象，可以说，雕塑与立体花坛的造型实体具有共同的性质，都是在二维或三维空间上，利用形体、比例、光影、体积的变化来表现创作者的审美感受、审美情感和审美理想，所以说新时代的园艺师，要具有雕塑家的创作能力。Susan graham lang think sculpture is feeling space the size of the active image, the sculpture art is long and splendid art a chapter, with all kinds of plastic materials, create a visual, can touch artistic image, can say, sculpture and stereo modelling flower bed with a common of the nature of the entity, it is in 2 d or 3 d space, use, form, scale, lighting, volume changes to the performance of the creator of the aesthetic feeling, aesthetic feeling and aesthetic ideal, so says the new era of gardeners, want to have the creation of the sculptor ability.立体花坛也是通过对三维空间的占有来表现其存在，但就其目的性而言，相对雕塑而言有着不同。Stereo flower bed for three dimensional space is through the possession of its existence to performance, but its purpose is concerned, in relatively sculpture with different.雕塑是美术艺术的一种，具有非功利性和更纯粹的美的语言，能将美高度概括为形体，通过点、线、面的结合来展现不同的质体感受。Sculpture is a kind of art, and has the utilitarian and more pure beautiful language, can be summarized as form beauty height, through the dot, line, face to show different geological combination feel.而立体花坛的本质是绿化，是园林，它的本质目的是要实现对自然环境的改造，形成美的游憩境域。And the three-dimensional flower bed is the essence of green, it is the gardens, the nature of its purpose is to realize the transformation of the natural environment, form the recreation realm.雕塑更多地具有纪念性、独创性，即使环境发生了改变，它仍然不变其属性，而立体花坛更多受制于地域、气候、环境、场合甚至节日时间的限制。Sculpture has more memorable, creativity, and even if the environment changed, it remains the same its properties, and the three-dimensional flower bed district, climate, more subject to environmental, occasion, even to the time limits for holiday.雕塑也可以放置到园林中去，归于园林“小品”一类，此时的雕塑与立体花坛便有着同样的造型目的。Sculpture also can be placed to botanical garden, to sketch a garden, the sculpture and stereo flower bed at this time and has the same modelling purpose.雕塑的历史源远流长，在发展过程中形成了独特的造型语言和文化，每个时期都会涌现对后世影响深远的雕塑大师对雕塑语言进行继承和创新，为后世留下了恍若星河的灿烂遗产，同时针对雕塑语言的研究成果也是相当丰硕。Sculpture has a long history, and in the process of development have formed unique modelling language and culture, every period will emerge in profound influence on later generations sculpture to sculpture language to master inheritance and innovation for the later reach the Milky Way is left a splendid legacy, at the same time, according to the research results of the sculpture language is also very fruitful.而立体花坛虽是当今园林界的一朵奇葩，历史比起雕塑相对较短，在研究方面也更多注重施工，可利用与雕塑造型本质上的同一性，让园艺师参照雕塑语言，强化立体花坛的视觉美感，增强其表现力以体现独特的精神内涵。And the three-dimensional though flower garden of the world today is a flower, history than sculpture is relatively short, have more attention to in the construction, use and sculpture modelling nature of identity, let gardeners reference sculpture language, strengthen the visual aesthetic feeling of three-dimensional flower bed, enhance its expression in order to reflect the unique spirit connotation.2 立体花坛中雕塑语言的运用2 stereo flower bed in the use of the sculpture language2.1 形态语言2.1 form language立体花坛的形态语言，指从雕塑的造型角度出发研究立体花坛的造型特点。Stereo flower bed form language, to show from the Angle of the modelling of the sculpture research stereo flower bed modelling characteristics.立体花坛有着丰富的形式语言，也有着丰富的种类，雕塑可分为浮雕和圆雕，而立体花坛按坛面花纹分可分为造型花坛和造景花坛；Stereo flower bed has the rich form language, also has a variety of types, sculpture and can be divided into relief in the round, and the three-dimensional according to its flower pattern points can be divided into modelling flower bed and landscaping flower bed;按组装形式分可分为独立式花坛和组合式花坛。According to the assembly form points can be divided into independent type flower bed and combined flower bed.立体花坛在近几年的发展迅速，也形成了一定的形态语言特色，立体花坛是考量空间和环境的特性后，再根据主题和氛围进行创作，因此会标和吉祥物很容易成为立体花坛的主体部分，动物、人物、花纹等贴近自然环境的形象也很受青睐。In recent years the development of three-dimensional flower bed quickly, and formed some form language style, stereo flower bed is the characteristics of space and environmental considerations, then according to the theme and create atmosphere, so emblem and mascots is easy to become three-dimensional flower bed body part, animals, characters, decorative pattern, the image to the natural environment is very popular.受制于内部构架的影响，立体花坛的形象大多比较稳重、大方，以长方体为主体的设计，宏伟大气。Subject to the influence of the internal structure, stereo flower bed is compared mostly sedate, generous image, as the main body of the cuboid design, grand atmosphere.突出流线型设计的立体花坛，优雅动感，活泼亲切，给人灵动清新的感觉。Outstanding, streamline design three-dime