大学四级英语写作解析ppt课件

四级作文评分原则,四级考试大纲写作要求,能在阅读难度与课文相仿的书面材料时做笔记、回答问题和写提纲，能就一定的话题或提纲在半小时内写出120-150词的短文，能写短信或便条，表达意思清楚，无重大语言错误。,四级作文评分原则,1. CET是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级和六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。 2. CET作文题采用总体评分(Global Scoring) 方法，阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(reward scores), 而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。,四级作文评分原则,3.从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。 作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而合适地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。 4. 避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分;该给低分给低分，包括零分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。,四级作文评分标准,1.本题满分为15分 2.阅卷标准共分五等:2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷一至二份。 3.阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数(如8分)相似，即定为该分数(即8分);若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数则可加一分(即9分)或减一分(即7分)。但不得加或减半分。,四级作文评分标准,4. 字数不足应酌情扣分： 累计字数 110-119 100-109 90-99 80-89 70-79 60-69 50-59 49 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 (1)如题目中给出主题句、起始句、结束句，均 不得计入所写字数。 (2)规定的内容未写全者，按比例扣分。 (3)如果扣为0分，要慎重处理。,四级作文题目,Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an eye-witness account of a traffic accident. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点： 1车祸发生的时间及地点 2你所见到的车祸情况 3你对车祸原因的分析,四级作文评分标准及样卷,2分： 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。样卷 5分： 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。样卷 8分： 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。样卷,四级作文评分标准及样卷,11分： 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言 错误。样卷 14分： 切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好， 基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。样卷,四级作文2分样卷,I saw the Traffic Accident in Tianjin Road. The Traffic Accident has been at the morning, May 1 Two children by bike went to school. A car is so fast, the streel. And the car touched two children by bike, and the Traffic Accident has happened. One is touched so far way and the other is put down. Mary people come here, and they sent to two children who go to Hospiton.,Wait a time, The ploiemen arriverd in the Accident place. My opiontoin: The car driver is so fast by car, and He didnt attendation to the children by bike aside the road. Two children by bike didnt heared the car come. All of above, I think the car driver must be serier the Traffic Accident.,四级作文2分样卷,四级作文5分样卷,It was 8:00 this morning, I went on my way to school. When I just at the school gate, I saw the terrible traffic accident happend. A student ride his bike in a high speed, and just when he arrived the school gate, a large truck traveled out of the gate and hit him down. He flied over 3m before his bike hit him on the ground. Surely, the poor boy was hurt very bad.,四级作文5分样卷,I think there are two reasons for the accident. First, it was just the time we began our first class, the bike rider perhaps did not want to be late, he ride his bike so fast, even didnt low down his speed at the gate. Secend, the truck is too large, and at that time, there were too many people walk through the gate, so the bike driver have no other way to chose, but to ride in the middle of the road.,四级作文8分样卷,The trafic accident was taken place at the junction of two highways when I was driving my car home at about 4 oclock. The yellow car involed in the accident was running at a high speed along the right-hand when it happened. Hardly it reached the junction when it cracked with a truck running from another direction. There was no time for the drivers to change the directions.,四级作文8分样卷,I think the accident mostly attributed to such reasons: Firstly and the foremost, it was the carelessness of both of the drivers that mostly made the accidents happen. It was not too careful for them when running a car. Secondly, the weather also should be responsible for it. The fog made the vision of drivers vague. Last but not the least, the constructure of the roads was unreasonable. The trafic lights are needed at any junctions.,四级作文11分样卷,It was last Friday morning. The accident happened when I was on my way to school. It was so terrible that I would never forget it. I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the road. Then, with a big sound, the accident happened. The red car stoped suddenly on the road so that the driver of following car couldnt respond immediately. The back of the red car was badly damaged, but fortunately there was no people injured in this accident.,四级作文11分样卷,I think the main reasons are as follows: First of all, the red car shouldnt stop suddenly without any signals. Secondly, the following car should keep a certain distance from the front car so that the driver could have enough time to take measurs when any badly situation. Finally, these two drivers were careless. If they had paid more attention to driving, this accident wouldnt have happened.,四级作文14分样卷,It was the morning of April 6th, 2003. At about 7:30, I went to school by bike as usual. It was a rainy day and the road was slippery. On the way, I noticed a boy riding in front of me, talking loudly with his friends. He didnt wear a raincoat; instead he held an umbrella in one hand, and rode with another hand. As he turned left to Guangming Road, he failed to see a car coming from behind a truck parked on the corner. Suddenly I heard a big noise and saw an umbrella thrown away. The boy was knocked down by the car. I was completely shocked.,四级作文14分样卷,I think the boys absent-mindedness accounted much for the accident. He was talking all the time and dangerously used an umbrella while riding a bike. The weather also played a role in the tragedy. The third cause was the unproperly parked truck, which was big enough to make the road conditions invisible to the students who were going to make a turn. All these contributed to this accident.,你在用Chinglish写作吗？,英语写作常见错误与分析,一 不一致（Disagreements） 所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致 时态不一致及代词不一 致等 例 When one have money ,he can do what he want to . (人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么) 剖析：改为： Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do),二 修饰语错位（Misplaced Modifiers） 英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化 例 I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.,三 句子不完整（Sentence Fragments） 在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生 例 There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on . 剖析：本句后半部分for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句 改为：There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper.,四 悬垂修饰语（Dangling Modifiers） 所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清例如：At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中at the age of ten“ 改为： When I was ten, my grandfather died. 例 To do well in college, good grades are essential. 剖析：句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚 改为： To do well in college, a student needs good grades.,五 词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech) “词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等 例 None can negative the importance of money. 剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。 改为： None can deny the importance of money.,六 指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns) 指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句： Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid. (玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。),坚持八条英文写作守则,1.Organize your thoughts before writing: brainstorm、make an outline、etc.,2.Write clearly. Be concise. Avoid wordiness. 写作清晰，务必精简，避免赘言。,3.Use good grammar and write complete sentences. 使用好的文法，写出完整句子。,4.Write simple sentences. Avoid a fancy style. 尝试简单句，避免花俏的句法。,5.Avoid slang、cliche and informal words. 避免俚语、陈腔滥调和非正式用字,6.Avoid use of the first person (i.e. I/me/my) unless necessary to specific piece. 除非必要，避免使用第一人称：如“我/我的”。,7.Writing naturally. Read it aloud. Does it sound natural? Does it flow? 自然挥洒，大声朗诵。整篇文章听起来自然吗？通顺吗？,8.Move logically from one idea to the next. Dont skip steps. 上下句意要合乎逻辑。别毫无章法乱跳。,阅读优秀范文,首先要搞好阅读。阅读是写作的基础，在阅读方面下的功夫越深，驾驭语言的能力也就 越强。所以要写好英语先要读好英语，在语言学习方面狠下苦功，教科书要读透，因为教科 书中的文章都是一些很好的范文，文笔流畅，语言规范，精彩的一些课文段落要背诵。再就 是要进行大量课外阅读，并记住一些好文章的篇章结构。,加强练词造句训练,其次，要加强练词造句的训练。词句对作文相当于造房的材料，无好材料就造不出好房 子。平时在学习阅读时要注意收集积累，把好的词语、短语、句型做好笔记。平时在练习中 的错误也要做好记录，再对照正确句子，使地道的英语句子如同条件反射，落笔就对。 了解英语写作格式 还有，要了解英语写作的不同体裁与格式。可以先看一本介绍英 语写作入门的书，对英语写作有一个初步的概念，如怎么写议论文，如何提出论据，如何展 开，如何确定中心句；又如，英语信的格式，如何根据不同身份写不同结束语等，然后根据 不同的体裁进行写作练习。,用英语写日记,要养成记英语日记勤练笔的好习惯。经常用英语记日记，等于天天在练笔，这无疑是提 高英语协作的行之有效的好办法。在记日记时，不要总是用简单句，要有意识地用一些好的词组、句型、关联词和复合句等，使文句更优美生动。还有要按照题目或所给情景写文章练笔。写好后对照范文，找出差距，然后再练习，这对提高英语作文也很有帮助，在游泳中学会游泳，只有多练习才能练好。,写好英语文章的20字诀,Agreement: 主语和谓语在人称、数上的一致，关系代词与先行词的一致。 Ambiguity: 尽量不去