初中学生容意用错的几对动词.doc

初三复习系列之初中学生容意用错的几对动词江苏兴化 谭树勤1 . hear ， listen to ， look at 和 see 的区别： hear 指耳朵听到声音，并不表示注意听，听的人往往处于被动地位。强调听到、听见的结果；而listen to 的侧重点为听的倾向。Have you heard the news ? 你听到那条消息没有？ All your children should listen to the teachers. 你们所有的孩子都应听老师的话 look指有意地使视线对着某物，强调看的动作；see指自然地看见，强调结果。 LookCan you see two birds in the tree? 看你能看见树上两只鸟吗？ 2. see与watch的区别： 英语中see与watch各有不同的用处，see用于看电影、剧目，而watch用于看电视和看球赛。 I saw a wonderful film last night. 我昨晚看了部精彩的电影。 We watched a football game yesterday.我们昨天看了一场足球赛。 友情提示： 在see hear, watch , make+宾语+不带to的动词不定式的句型中，改为被动语态时须补上to. We saw him come into the room.He was seen to come into the room.by us I heard her sing last night.She was heard to sing last night.by me She made her daughter marry the rich man. Her daughter was made to marry the rich man by her.友情提示： 在现代牛津版初三英语书中，也有watch the film这样句子。3. borrow, lend和keep的区别: borrow表示“借入”；lend表示“借出”。borrow与lend都是终止性动词，而keep是延续性动词，所以表示借多久要用keep. 如： She borrowed some money from me this morning. 她今天上午向我借了一些钱。 I can lend my bike to you. 我可以把我的自行车借给你。 How long can I keep it ? 我能借多长时间？ She has kept the magazine for five days. 她已经借这本杂志5天了。追踪练习：A.用hear, listen to ,look, see和watch来填空。 We have never such rudeness.粗鲁无礼的行为。 at the blackboard, please. We a football game yesterday. They are the music now. I a girl singing in the next classroom. B.用lend, borrow和keep来填空。 I some money of him. Jane used to money from her friends. Could you me your bike? I have the shoes for three weeks. Keys: A.seen,Look,watched,listening to,heard. B.borrowed,borrow,lend,kept.4. leave和forget的区别： leave除了表示“离开”，还有“忘了带，遗忘”的意思，后面加地点，表示“把某物遗忘在某地”；forget意为“遗忘，忘记”，后面通常不加地点。 如： She left her key at home.她把她的钥匙丢在家里。 I forgot her email address.我忘了她的电子邮箱地址。 友情提示：“leave some place for+ 目的地”表示“离开某地前往某处”。 Ill leave Qingdao for Shanghai tomorrow. 我明天离开青岛去上海。5. bring, take, carry和get的区别： 一 bring意思为“拿来，带来”。指将某物或某人从别处带来。如： Bring me your photo, please.请把你的照片带给我。 Bring your brother with you next time.下次把你的弟弟带来。二Take意思是“拿走，带走”，是把某物或某人从这里带走或拿到某处之意。如： It is going to rain .Take an umbrella with you. 天快要下雨了。你带把伞吧。 She often takes her daughter to the park on Sundays. 她经常星期天带她女儿去公园。 三carry: 是“带着，搬运，携带” 的意思，指随身携带，有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义，不表明来去的方向 。 Can you carry the heavy box ? 你能搬动那个重箱子吗？ 四get: 是去某处将某物拿来，后可接双宾语或复合宾语。如： Would you get me a glass of water ? 你能给我拿杯水吗？ There is no water in the bottle .Why not get some? 瓶子里没水。为什么不去拿些来？ 追踪练习：A.用leave ， forget来填空： He often his homework at home . We will here for Shanghai. I have the words that we learnt yesterday. Dont to tell your father the thing. B. 用 bring, take, carry和get来填空： When you come next time, your daughter with you. He often helps the old man water. Who has my pen ? Shall I some chalk for you ? Keys: A,leaves, leave ,forgotten ,forget B:bring, carry, taken, get6. spend, pay, take 和cost的区别：一 spend用作及物动词，意为“花费钱/时间，度过”，其主语是人。常用的句型：spend on sth./ spend indoing sth.意为“某人在某事上花费时间或钱”，其中的in可以省略。如： She spent two hours on her homework yesterday.昨天她花了两个小时在家庭作业上。 Tom spends twenty minutes reading English every day .汤姆每天花20分钟读英语。二 pay 用作及物动词，意为“付费”，常用的句型：pay some money for sth.意思是“为而付款”，其主语是人。 如： I paid 100 yuan for the dictionary.我花了100元买了这本字典。 I have paid for the house.我已经付了房款。三 Take 用着动词有“需要时间；费时”的意思，其主语是表示事物的名词或代词，常用的句型：It takes sb. some time to do sth.意思为“某人花费多少时间干某事”。如： It takes me an hour to finish my English homework.完成英语作业花了我一个小时。 How long will it take you to finish the work?你要花多长时间才能完成这项任务？四 cost 用作及物动词，意思为“花费钱”，常用结构：sth. cost sb.some money,其主语是表示事物的名称或代词。 如： The book cost me 24 yuan .这本书花了我24元钱。 This sweater cost me 50 dollars. 这件毛衣花了我50美元。7. wear, put on 和dress的区别：一 wear是“穿着，戴着”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋子、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等，强调穿着的状态。如： She often wears white trousers.她经常穿着白裤子。 She was wearing a flower in her hair.她头上戴了朵花。二 put on 是“穿上，戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重于穿戴的动作。如： It is very cold outside .Youd better put on your coat.外面很冷，你最好是穿上外套。 He put on his coat and hat and went out.他穿上上衣，戴上帽子，就出去了。三 dress用作动词，当“穿衣”讲时，其后宾语不应接衣物，而要接人。 dress sb.表示“给某人穿衣服”的意思。在表示穿着的状态时，用过去分词当形容词。如： I dressed my daughter when she was very young.当我女儿小的时候，我给她穿衣。 She is old enough to dress herself.她年纪足够大，能自己穿衣服。 友情提示： be dressed in 表示穿着的状态。 He is dressed in white. 他穿了件白色的衣服。 追踪练习：A.用spend, pay, take 和cost填空： The book my sister 15 yuan. This sweater me 89 dollars. It me two hours to do my homework last night. He five yuan on the box. He have to me 65 yuan a week for your meals. B.用wear, put on ,dress和in填空： You your coat because it is very cold. Lucys mother often a black cap. Do you have to up to visit her birthday party? The girl blue is my sister. He was a new grey coat . Keys: A. cost , cost , took, spent, pay B. put on , wears, dress, in, in. 8. say, speak, talk 和 tell的区别： 一say 表示“讲话”，作为及物动词使用，后跟宾语或宾语从句，强调讲话的具体内容。如： She says she doesnt like the cake at all. 她说她根本不喜欢蛋糕。 What did she say a moment ago? 她刚才说什么？ 二speak 表示“讲话，发言”,一般作为不及物动词使用，而有时作为及物动词，后面跟上各种语言作为宾语。如： I can only speak a little Chinese. 我只能讲一点点中文。 May I speak to Nancy? 能叫南希来接电话吗？三talk 表示“谈话，作演讲”，是不及物动词，与to, with, about等连用，才可以接宾语。也能作名词 give a talk作报告，作演讲 , have a talk.听演讲。 Mary is talking to David. 玛丽正在和大卫谈话。 The young like talking with their friends. 年轻人喜欢和他们的朋友交流。四 tell 表示“告诉，讲述”，是及物动词，可以带双宾语或复合宾语，常用 的 结构：tell sb. sth. / tell sth. to sb. 如： She told us an interesting story yesterday.昨天她给我们讲了个有趣的故事. Our teacher tells us to practice speaking English every day. 我们老师叫我们每天练习说英语。 追踪练习： 用say