中考二轮重点短语句型.doc

- 14 -重要短语的用法及区别on，in和with. on：表示使用通讯工具、信息或传媒，乘坐交通工具等；I dont want to talk about it on the phone.in：使用语言文字等媒介；Can you speak it in English?with：借助具体的手段或工具。Dont write it with a red pen.at , on , in三者都可以表示“在的时候”。 At：表示在哪个时刻用；I get up at six oclock in the morning . 我早晨六点起床。On：表示在哪一天，哪一天的早上（下午、晚上）；on Wednesday , on Sunday morning , on May I , on a cold morning in 1936in：表示在哪一年（季、月），在上午，下午等。in September , in the morning , in the afternoonspend,pay,cost,take Sb. spend on sth. 某人花了（时间、金钱）在某事上。 (in) doing sth. 某人花了（时间、金钱）做某事。Sb. pay for sth. 某人为某物花了钱。 Sth. cost sb. 某物花了某人钱。 It takes/took sb. to do sth. 花了某人（时间、金钱）做某事。too much, too many, much tootoo much + 不可数名词 too many + 可数名词 much too + 形容词not until &until not until 直到才 （主句动词是短暂性动词）until 一直到 （主句中使用延续性动词）few, a few; little , a little. 虽然都表示“少”，但 （1）few, a few是可数的, little, a little是不可数的。 （2）a few, a little含肯定意味，few, little含否定意味。e.g. They have a little ink, dont they? 他们有一点墨水，是吗？ They have little ink, do they? 他们几乎没有墨水，是吗？ She has a few Chinese friends, doesnt she? 他有几位中国朋友，是吗？ She has few Chinese friends, does she?他几乎没有几位中国朋友,是开吗She has a little dog.她有一只小狗。can, be able to 表示能力这一意义时can和be able to基本相同,但can只有两个时态即现在时(can)与过去时(could)而be able to有多种形式。对未来的能力做决定时,一般用can. 用于过去时态时，be able to与can意义不完全相同,was able to意为“有这种能力，而且利用这种能力设法做成了某事”，而could只单纯地表达有某种能力。must, have to must表示说话人的主观看法；而have to则表示客观需要。mustnt意为不可以;不允许；dont have to意为不必。如:My father had to work when he was ten years old.The play is not interesting. I really must go now.after , inAfter+时间段 表达过去一段时间以后，常用于过去时态的句子；I received the letter after two days . 我是两天以后收到这封信的。After+时间点 表示将来一段时间以后，用于将来时态的句子。He will arrive after four oclock .in+时间段 以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子。You will receive the letter in three days . 你三天以后将收到这封信。ago , beforeago立足于现在，表示从现在起，若干时间之前；ago 通常与一般过去时连用，不能与完成时连用；I met him three years ago .（距今）三年前，我遇到他。before立足过去，表示从过去某一时刻起，若干时间以前。before通常与过去完成时连用。 I had met him three years before .（距当时）三年前我见到他一次。alone, lonelyalone是表语形容词，只能作表语用。Though I am alone, I am not lonely.虽然我孤独一人,但我并不感到寂寞.lonely除了有“孤独的”意思外，还有“寂寞的”意思。另外说明特点时还有“人迹稀少的”，“荒凉的”意思。He was taken to a lonely house . 他被带到一个荒无人烟的房子内。also , either , too , as wellalso用于肯定句. You study English and I also study it.你学英语.我也学.either用于否定句,并放在句尾；You dont study English and I dont study it either.你不学英语,我也不学.too和as well 用于肯定句，放在句尾，多用于口语。例如：You are a student and I am a student , too . 你是学生，我也是。You know the way and I know it as well . 你知道路，我也知道。among , betweenbetween表示“两者”之间Do you know the difference between the two words ? 你知道这两个词有什么不同吗？among表示“三者或三者以上之间。He is the most energetic boy among them . 他是他们中间精力最饱满的孩子。arrive , reach , get to 三者都有“到达”之意。reach为及物动词。They reached Tianjin yesterday.昨天他们到达天津。arrive为不及物动词，后面接介词in或at。get to常用于口语，可代替前二者。because , because of“因为”because是连词，引导状语从句。We stayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨，我们呆在家。because of是短语介词，后面接名词性词语。We stayed at home because of the rain . 因为下雨，我们呆在家。besides , except , except for , but“除之外”besides的意思是“除之外，还有”是肯定的；包括, besides 后面的宾语在内，含有“加上”的意思。I have three other pens besides this . 除了这支笔外，我还有另外三支笔。except（but）的意思是“除之外，没有”是否定的；不包括 except 后的宾语在内，含有“减去”的意思。but 用于“除了”之意时，只能用于 no one, nobody, nothing, all, everyone, everything 等词之后。Everybody is here except（but）Mary . 除了Mary之外，大家都来了。borrow , lend 二者都有“借”的意思。borrow是“借入”，lend是“借出”。例如：Can I borrow your pen ? 我可以借你的钢笔吗？Lend me your pen , will you ? 把钢笔借给我用用，可以吗？ bring , take , fetch 这几个动词都有“携带”、“运送”的意思。但它们表示的动作方向不同。bring是“带来”。例如：Dont forget to bring a dictionary with you . 别忘了把辞典带来。take是“带去”。例如：Please take the small blackboard to the classroom 请把这块小黑板带到教室去。fetch是“去取”，“去拿来”。例如：Please fetch me some chalk .date , day date指“日期”。 Whats the date today ? 今天几号？day指“星期几”,指二十四小时的一整天;也单指白天;也指重要的日子.What day is today ? 今天星期几？There are seven days in a week . 一周有七天。 National Day 国庆节dress , wear , put on 它们都有“穿”、“戴”的意思。但用法不同。wear表示穿戴的状态。She likes to wear the light green dress . 她喜欢穿浅绿色的衣服。put on表示穿戴的动作.Youd better put on your overcoat before going out .出门之前你最好穿上大衣。dress既表动作也表状态，但后面接人。The mother is dressing her baby . 母亲正给她的婴儿穿衣服。finally , at last , in the end 它们都有“最后”、“终于”的含义。但用法不同。find , look for，find out 二者都有“寻找”的意思。find是look for的结果。What are you looking for ? 你在找什么？look for是find之前的寻找过程。Have you / found your pen ? 你找到你的钢笔了吗？Find out指经过一番努力最终找到。I found out she was wrong.我发现她错了。happen , take place 二者都有“发生”的意思。happen指事情的发生，往往带有“偶然”的意思。It happens that I am free today 。 恰好今天我没有事。take place指事先安排或策划好而后发生，没有“偶然”的意思。join , take part in, 二者都有“参加”的意思。 join多指参加某组织、党派或社会团体，成为其中的一个成员。He joined the League in 1985 . 他在1985年入团。take part in指参加活动、群众性活动或会议，并在其中起一定作用。The old man took part in the Long March . 这位老人参加过长征。look , see , watch 三者都有“看”的意思。look是看的过程。I looked , but saw nothing . 我看了，但什么也没看见。see是看的结果。see a film看电影；see a play看戏（话剧）。watch是看移动的事物或定晴地看。watch a football match看足球比赛。watch TV看电视。another, other, the other, the othersanother是指不定数目中的“另一个”；the other是指两个人或两样事物中的“另一个”。当我们在两样事物中任选一样时，应用one or the other；在三样或三样以上任选一样时，应用 one or other或one or another。one the other只有两个some the others 有三个以上one another，anothersome others，othersothers = other people/thingsthe others = the rest剩余的全部1) 泛指另一个用another。 2) 一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。3) 一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one (another)，第三个可用the other，a third。4) 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。5) 泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。in front of, in the front ofinfrontof意思是“在前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在的后面）。如：Hewalkedinfountofme.他走在我的前面。Therearesomeflowersinfountofthehouse.房子前面有些花卉。inthefrontof意思是“在某一空间内的前部”，即甲物在乙物的范围之内；其反义词是atthebackof（在范围内的后部）。如：Thereisabigdeskandablackboardinthefountofourclassroom.我们的教室前边有一张大桌子和一块黑板。Ourteacherstandsinthefountoftheclassroom.我们的老师站在教室前sometime; sometimes; some time; some times sometime是副词，可与过去时或将来时连用，表示（在过去）某个时候或（在将来）某个时候。如： I saw him sometime in May. some time多数情况下作名词短语，意为一些时间；一些时候；它还可以作副词词组，用来表示一个未肯定的时刻，此时它可与sometime互换。如： Ill be away for some time. sometimes是一个表示时间频率的副词，意为有时候。如： Sometimes I help my mother with the housework. some times是几次、几倍之意。如：They have been there several times.say , tell，speak , talk 四者都有“说”、“讲”的意思。say指用语言表达自己的思想，着重所说的内容。它的宾语只能是“话（语言）”，不是“人”。例如：How do you say this in English ？ 这个用英语怎么说？tell是告诉某人一件事。用于tell sb . sth这个句式，可以带两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物。例如：Please tell me something about yourself . 请和我讲讲你自己的情况。speak的意思是“说话”，着重说的动作，是不及物动词；也做“演说”解，此外可作及物动词用，接语言等词。例如：Do you speak English ? 你说英语吗？打电话时，习惯用speak；不用talk，例如：Can I speak to Mary , please ? 请找玛丽说话好吗？talk的意思是“谈话”。通过谈话交换意见，思想等，是不及物动词。例如：He was talking to a friend . 当时他在和一个朋友谈话。What are they talking about ？ 他们在谈论什么？how long, how often, how far, how soonhow long意为“多久、多长时间”，主要是对一段时间进行提问，答语通常是（for）three days/weeks/months等时间段，它可用于各种时态。 How long do you stay in Beijing every year? 每年你在北京住多久？ how often意为“多久次、是否经常”，用来提问在某一特定的时间进行某个动作的次数，答语通常是always，usually，often，sometimes，once/twice a day/month等。 How often do you get to school very early? 你多久早到校一次？ how far意为“多远”，对距离提问时用。How far is that? 那有多远？how soon意为“还要多久”，是对从某个基本时间到将来某动作结束或某动作发生这段时间提问，常用在一般将来时态的句子中，其答语通常是“in + 一段时间”。 How soon can you finish the work? 还要多久你能完成这项工作？ In half an hour. 半小时后。take care of, look aftertake care意为“注意”，“当心”，“留心”。可以单独使用，也可以跟不定式或that从句。Take care!The ice is thin.当心！冰很薄。take care of意为“照顾”，“照料”，侧重于负有责任这一层意思，后面的宾语从句可以是人，也可以是某物，比较口语化。Please take care of my house.请照看一下我的家。look after 一般情况下可替换take care of，在意思上强调看管或照料，其宾语可以是物，但多数情况下是人或动物。Will you look after my dog?请照看一下我的狗好吗？whether，if 这两个连词都作是否解,引导宾语从句时,两者通常可以互换。但在下列几种情况下,不可用if 代替whether。1)当whether 与or not连成词组时。 I dont know whether or not they will come for our help.我不知道他们是否来帮助我们。 2)whether 用在不定式前面时。 She hasnt decided whether to go or not.她还没有决定去还是不去。 3)whether引导的从句放在句首时。Whether this is true or not,I cant say.这是不是真的,我不说(或我说不准)hear，hear of，hear fromhear 和hear of 都可解作听说,hear 后面接宾语从句。hear 还可作听见,听到解,后面可以接名词,代词+不带to的不定式(或分词)的复合结构。I heard him just now.我刚才听到了他说话。I heard him singing in the next room.我听见他在隔壁房间里唱歌。hear of后面接名词,代词或动名词.I have heard of him.我听人提到过他.hear from sb= receive/ get a lettter from sb意为收到.的信,得到.消息。例如:How often do you hear from your father?你每隔多久收到你父亲的信?注意:hear from的主语是人,而不是信。试译:either,eitheror, neither, neithernor, both andeither其意为两者中的任何一个。There are many shops on either side of the street. 街道两边有许多商店。either用在否定句的句末，表示也的意思。If you dont go there, I wont, either. 如果你不去那里，我也不去。 either.or.意为或者或者；不是就是之意。表示两者之一，连接句子中两个并列的成分。either.or.连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们通常说的就近原则。Either you or I am going there tomorrow.明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里.neither作主语，表示两者中没有一个。Neither of them likes football. 他们俩都不喜欢足球。 neither.nor.表示既不也不。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。She likes neither butter nor cheese. 她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。当neither.nor.连接两个主语时，也应遵循就近原则。例如： Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。 若将neither.nor.句型变为肯定句，只需把neither.nor.改为both.and.即可，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。例如： Both dad and mum are at home today. 今天父母都在家。havesb.do，havesth.doneHave / make sb.do作“使某人做某事”解，have后作宾语补足的不定式通常不带to。havesth.done作“（有意识地）让别人替自己做某事”解，过去分词表示的动作赏由别人完成，宾语是过去分词所表示地动作的承受者。还可批无意识的被动行为，have作“受到”、“遭受”解。如：Ihadmypenstolen.我的钢笔被人偷了。新目标英语基本句型诵读1. Its time to go home./to play computer games./ for school.是回家/玩电子游戏/上学的时候了。2. Smoking is bad for your health.抽烟不利于你的健康。To walk is good for your health. 散步有益健康。3.Its kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真好心。nice/good/right/wrong/clever/foolish/polite/careless.4. It took me half an hour to fall asleep/get to sleep last night.昨天夜里我花了半个小时才入睡。It cost him￥1000 to buy the air ticket from Lhasa to Hohhot.从拉萨到呼和浩特的飞机票花了他一千元。5. She spent a lot of money on clothes.她花很多钱买衣服。She spent a lot of time (in) surfing. 她花很多时间玩冲浪。 He paid $10 for the book.= The book cost him $10. He bought the book for $10. 他花了10美元买这本书。6.Whats the price/cost of it? =How much is it? 它卖多少钱？=How much does it cost? =How much should I pay for it/spend on it?7. Youd better put away all your clothes./go over your homework again./ read more books.(d better = had better)你最好把你的衣服收好/再检查一遍你的作业/多读几本书。8. I want to know whats wrong /the matter/the trouble with the animal?我想知道这动物出了什么毛病？I want to know if you can tell me which is the way to .请问您是否能告诉我去怎么走。9.Id like to go there on foot./ by bus.我愿意步行/坐公共汽车到那儿去.Would you like him to make a phone call to you?您愿意他打电话给您么?10. The children cant wait to open their presents.孩子们迫不及待地打开礼物。11. Lets hurry so that we can get there before supper.让我们抓紧时间这样才能在晚饭前赶到那里。My father lives so far away that we hardly see him.我父亲住在很远的地方所以我们难得见到他。He walked such a long way that he felt pretty tired.他走了这么远路，所以感到相当疲倦。12. Tom made such a noise that his sister told him to be quiet.汤姆太吵闹了以至他姐姐叫他安静点。His idea was such a good one that we all agreed to use it.他的想法是如此的好以至我们一致同意采纳它。13. The harder you work, the higher marks youll get.你学习越努力，你的成绩就越好。The more we get together, the happier we will be.我们相聚越多就会越快乐。14. Dont be late for /come late to the concert.去听音乐会可别迟到了。15. He enjoys reading in bed.他躺在床上津津有味地看书。She kept on working although she was tired.她虽然累了，但仍然继续工作。They are busy getting ready for the party.他们正忙着为聚会作准备。16. He often tells me not to play a joke on the old people. 他经常告戒我不要和老年人开玩笑。Miss Gao told me not to be late for class.高老师告诉我上课别迟到。17. I heard someone shout “ Fire!” and then I heard people running and shouting.我听到有人高喊“着火啦！”，接着我又听到人们在边跑边喊。18. They made us play football in the rain.他们让我们冒雨踢足球。 The medicine will make you better. 这药会使你好转。19. The girl is too young to get married.这姑娘还太年幼，还不能结婚。He was too tired to walk any farther/further.他太累了不能再走任何一点更远的距离。20. He is not only(both) a writer but also(and) an actor. 他不但是一位作家，还是一位演员。He is not only the pride of the people in Hainan ,but also the pride of people all over the world.他不仅是海南人的骄傲也是全世界人的骄傲。21. I prefer trains to buses. 我喜欢火车，不喜欢公共汽车。He prefers traveling by train to sitting in a bus. 他喜欢坐火车旅行，而不喜欢坐公共汽车旅行。22.Neither she nor I failed the history exam.她和我历史考试都没有不及格。He will come back either this Sunday or Saturday.他将于星期日或星期六回来。The uneducated people was either unable to do it or do it badly.未受教育的人要么不能做要么做得很差。Either book is cheap.=Either of the two books is cheap.这两本书任何一本都是便宜的。23.He waited until his father came back home. 他一直等到把爸爸回来为止。The TV play didnt start until (it was) ten oclock last night. 昨天夜里电视剧十点钟才开始。=It was not until ten oclock that the TV play started.=Not until ten oclock did the TV play start.24. Stop making so much noise. 别这么吵闹。 We stopped (walking) to have lunch in a village pub. 我们停下来在一家乡村小酒馆吃午饭。25. Its dangerous (for you) to drive so fast.(你(车开得这么快是危险的。 Its impossible for him to work out this maths problem. 他解出这道数学题是不可能的。 I found it impossible to work out this maths problem. 我发现他解出这道数学题是不可能的。We find it not easy / difficult to search the Internet./get on-line.我们发现上网不是很容易的。26. He showed me his new suit. / He showed his new suit to me.他向我展示他的新服装。（两种方法） She bought a new dress for me.= She bought me a new dress. 她给我买了一件连衣裙。27. What/How about having a rest? /(having) a try?休息一会儿/尝试一下怎么样？What about going scuba diving deep into the sea.?去深海潜水怎么样？28. Why not make friends with him? 何不跟他交个朋友？29. Its better to make up your mind. 你最好下定决心。Its best for people to wear silk clothes in summer.在夏季最好穿丝绸衣服。30. Your cake is as delicious as mine. 你的蛋糕和我的蛋糕一样好吃。 He doesnt run so / as fast as you. 他不如我跑得快。31. He often helps me with my Chinese.他经常帮助我学习语文(或中文)He often helps me (to)do the homework.他经常帮助我做家庭作业。We must help protect the environment 我们必须帮助保护环境。32. What do you think of the novel?你认为这本小说怎么样？ =How do you like the novel?=How do you find the novel?33. Dont forget to post the letter on your way home. 别忘了在你回家的路上把这封信寄了。Did you remember to send your mother a birthday card last week?上星期你没有忘记给你母亲寄生日卡吧？Ill never forget seeing the girl for the first time. 我将终生难忘初次见到那位姑娘的情景。Ill always remember receiving such a special present. 我会永远记得曾收到一份这样特殊的礼物。34. We are proud of what youve done. 我们为你所做的感到骄傲。 We are proud of our city.=We take pride in our city.我们为我们的城市感到自豪。35. He was soon able to sit up and read.他很快就能坐起来看书了。She is still unable to read English freely now.她现在仍然不能流畅地读英语。You will be able to use English all over the world. 你将能在全世界范围内使用英语。36.There is a boy swimming in the river,isnt there? 河里有个孩子在游泳，是吗？There was no machine allowing a person to breathe under water for a long time,was there?没有机器允许人在水下呆很长时间，是吗？There will be beautiful sunshine/heavy rain tomorrow,wont there?明天是大晴天/有大雨，是吗？There is something wrong with it/him,isnt there?他有些毛病，是吗？There is nothing serious/much wrong with it/her, is there?她没什么大毛病，是吗？There is a book and two pens on the desk ,isnt there?桌上有一本书和两支钢笔，是吗？There stands a round table in the middle of the room,doesnt there?屋中央放着一张圆桌，是吗？There lived an old man long ago in the village,didnt there? 很久以前村里住着一位老人，是吗？37.Its a pity that you didnt come to the party.你没来参加聚会真是个遗憾-.What great fun it is swimming /to swim in the sea!在海中游泳多有趣啊！How important it is for us to master a foreign lauguage! 对我们来说掌握一门外语多重要啊！How lucky she was to have such a beautiful ring! 她拥有如此美丽的戒指真下于幸运啊！38.Mother found Tom (to be) a very clever boy. 妈妈发现Tom是个非常聪明的孩子。39.The coat washes well. 这个大衣很好洗。The book sells well. 这种书很畅销。His meat looks good and sells well.他的肉看起来好也很畅销。40.He was made to work ten hours a day.他被强迫一天工作12小时。He was seen to come to the museum. 他被看到进入博物馆。41.He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天剪了头发。He had his pictures taken in the park.the other day. 他前两天在公园里拍了一些自己的照片。He let his car washed the day before yesterday.他昨天让人洗了一下车。42.We will leave Turfan for Tibet next week.下周我们将离开吐蕃去西藏.The old man died without leaving anything to his sons. 老人死后没留下任何东西给他儿子。He left his notebook at home. 他把笔记本忘在家里了。There is little / no time left for us.=We have little / no time left. 我们剩下没多少时间了。43.We have no time/right/chance to do sth.我们没时间/权力/机会做某事.44.You dont need to/neednt buy anything if you dont need it.你不必买任何东西如果你不需要的话。46.Would/Could/Will you please (not) turn on the radio? 请你（不要）打开收音机好吗？Would you mind (not) turning on the radio?47.What did you hit him for?=Why did you hit him?你为什么打他？48.Best wishes to sb for sth. 为某事祝福某人Good luck to sb for sth. 祝某人某方面好运Wish you a happy birthday.Wish you good luck.祝你生日快乐。祝你好运.49.English is a bridge to so much knowledge.英语是通向丰富知识的桥梁。50.Shanghai is larger than any city in India.上海比印度的任何一个城市都更大。Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. 上海比中国的任何一个其它的城市都更大。51.She asked us to help ourselves to some fish.她要我们随便吃点鱼。He asked his car to be washed every day.他要求他的车每天都被洗一下.52.The number of the students is over 5000./ still increasing. 学生的数量已超过5000/仍在增长。 53.He didnt pass the ball often enough.他没有足够频繁地传球。He is not tall enough to reach the apples on the trees. 他不够高去够到树上的苹果。54.Even though he studied hard, he still failed (in) the final-examination.虽然他学习努力,但还是没通过期末考Because there was too much traffic, he didnt come on time. 因为交通拥挤