名词从句专项复习.doc

名词从句专项复习名词从句名词从句：在复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语的句子。其功能相当于名词，根据它在句中不同的语法功能，可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。结论：引导名词性从句的连接词可以分为三类1、本身无意义在所引导的名词性从句中也不作成分：that2、本身有意义，但在所引导的名词性从句中不作成分：whether/if, as if/though，because3、本身有意义，在所引导的名词性从句中也作成分：which，what，who，whom，whoever, whichever，whatever，when，why，where，how等引导名词性从句的关联词连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever（本身有意思；在从句中作成分）连接副词how, why, when, where however, wherever（本身有意思；在从句中作成分）连接词that,（本身没有意思；在从句中不作成分）whether, if, because，as if /as though（本身有意思；在从句中不作成分）四种名词性从句的简要介绍一、主语从句：在句中作主语的句子 主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether 和连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及连接副词how,when,where, why等词引导。that在从句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown.Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. That he stole a bike was true. 单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。如： Where and when he was born has not been found. When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句It is a fact thatIt is an honor thatIt is a pity that（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句It is natural thatIt is necessary thatIt is important thatIt is obvious that（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句It is reported thatIt is believed thatIt is known to all thatIt has been proved that（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句It seems thatIt occurred to me thatIt happened that二、宾语从句：名词句用作宾语的从句引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句、表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。（1）由连接词that引导的宾语从句：that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. We must never think we are good in everything and that others are good in nothing. （2）在demand, order, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“should+ 动词原形”。如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲, insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。如：The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination.（3）用whether或if引导的宾语句whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其它名词性从句，如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether。如：I dont care about whether you have money or not.Everything depends on whether we have enough money. （4）宾语从句中的时态呼应 宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态。如：I know that he studies English every day. I know that he studied English last term. I know (that) he will study English next year. We all know that he has studied English since 1998. 如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的语动只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等。如：We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house. The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。如：The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.（5）当主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。如：We dont believe that he will win the game. I dont think he will do so. 注意：doubt 用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if 引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that 引导名词性从句。be sure用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接 that 引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if 引导的名词性从句。 三、表语从句：在句中作表语的句子引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于系动词后，有时用as if, because 引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。如：The fact is that we have lost the game. Thats just what I wantThis is where our problem lies. That is why he didnt come to the meeting. It looks as if it is going to rain. This is because he missed the train by one minute.需要注意的是，当主语是reason 时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning. 四、同位语从句：说明其前面的名词的具体内容（1）同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念 的名词后,如 news, idea, information, fact, hope, thought, belief 等，用来说明名词所表示的具体内容（2）引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that, whether和连接副词when, where, why, how；连接代词who，what，whose，which通常不引导同位语从句I have no idea when she will be back. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1、从词类上区别：同位语从句前面的名词主要是idea，fact，news，hope，belief，suggestion，proposal，word，thought，doubt，truth，possibility，promise，order等名词。而定语从句的先行词可以是任何名词，甚至部分代词，主句的一部分或是整个主句，定语从句的先行词逻辑关系上在从句中充当一定成分，同位语从句的名词在从句中不充当任何成分。2、从性质上区别：定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句表达前面抽象名词的具体内容，属于名词性从句的范畴，从句与前面的名词是对等关系。3、从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别(1)有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句(2)引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语，表语或宾语指物时还可以用which代替；指人时还可以用who(m)代替，并且作宾语时常常省略。that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用其他词语代替。区别名词性从句中的whether和if_ Whether_ the meeting will be held in the meeting room or in the open is not known to us. The problem is _whether_the students can understand the teacher speaking English all through the class. Their doubt _whether_Chinas economy will keep advancing at high speed is worth considering. _Whether_ my lecture will be wellreceived, I dont know.The decision depends on _whether_ we can collect enough money.I do care _whether_ or not the assessment is objective.If you dont know_whether / if_ your colleague is reliable or not, try to believe in him or her first.Tell me _ whether / if_ this is the shortest way to the hotel 结论：1、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只能用whether引导2、位于句首引导主语从句只能用whether3、作介词的宾语只能用whether引导4、和or not连在一起时只能用whether引导5、和or not隔开使用时既可用whether也可用if引导6、一般情况下，宾语从句既可用whether也可用if引导疑问词+ever和no matter+疑问词的区别1、疑问词+ever（无论）可引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句。如：Whoever breaks the law should be punished. Whoever breaks the law, he must be punished.2、no matter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：No matter who breaks the law, he must be punished.名词性从句中连接词what用法Theyve done what they can to help her.他们已经尽力帮助了她。（what表示“的事情” (all) the things that）He is no longer what he was.他已经不是以前的那个样子了。（what表示“的人或的样子” the man that）Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。（what表示“的数量或数目”the amount that）After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。（what表示“的时间”the time that）In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在称作美洲大陆的地方。（what表示“的地方” the place that）结论：what含义上相当于汉语的“所”字结构或“的”字结构，表达人或物(含时间，地点，数目等)，相当于定语从句中“先行词关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词。宾语从句专项练习一1. Our teacher asked us _ our dictionaries to school.A. bring B. brought C. bring D. to bring2. The teacher told the boy students _ football on the grass.A. not play B. not to play C. played D. playing3. _ Tom didnt go to school?A. Do you know how B. Why do you know C. How you know why D. Do you know why4. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _ that prevents her from being as happy as before?A. what it is B. it is what C. how it is D. it is how5. Betty asked her sister _ to the railway station to see her off.A. not to come B. not to go C. to not come D. to not go6. The pupil asked his teacher _ round the earth.A. weather the moon goes B. that the moon wentC. whether the moon goes D. whether the moon went7. Mr. Li _ Wang Ling _ a taxi to the airport.A. asked; take B. asked; taking C. told; take D. told; to take8. She asked him _.A. whose dictionary this is B. whose dictionary that wasC. whose dictionary is this D. whose dictionary that is9. Marys mother asked her _.A. that whether she had finished her homework B. if she has finished her homeworkC. if she had finished her homework D. that if she had finished her homework10. Do you know _?A. what is he doing B. what he doing C. what he is doing D. what does he do now11. I dont know _ to learn English.A. when did he begin B. when he began C. he when began D. when he begins12. He asked me _.A. how would the weather be like tomorrow B. what the weather would be like the next dayC. how the weather would be like tomorrow D. what would the weather be like the next day13. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Spring Festival presents.A. how excited they were B. how excited were theyC. how they were excited D. they were how excited14. She told me that she _ by her relatives at the bus stop.A. had been seen off B. have seen off C. have been seen off D. had seen off15. Do you remember how many times _ to Australia?A. had you been B. did you go C. have you been D. you have been16. Can you guess _?A. what is that man B. who that man is C. whom that man is D. who is that man17. More and more students and teachers have began to know _.A. how important the foreign language are B. how the foreign language is importantC. how important the foreign language is D. how important is the foreign language18. The hostess said that it _ time that they _ supper.A. was; had B. was; had had C. is; have D. is; have had19. The boss asked his secretary _ he had finished typing the report _.A. if; or not B. if; not C. whether; or not D. whether; not20. I wonder how much _.A. does he spend on his car B. did he spend on his carC. he spent on his car D. he spent in his car宾语从句专项练习二B2. “Is Mary from New York City” “I dont know _.”A. from what city does she come from B. from what city she comeC. what city does she come from D. what city she comes fromB17. I dont doubt _ hell come.A. that B. if C. what D. whetherB18. “Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang”“Well, I forget _ I was supposed to go to.”A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was itB20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because shes always saved _.A. what little she earns B. how little she earnsC. for little she earns D. with little she earnsB22. We gave him _ help we could.A. which B. what C. that D. thisBD23. She is pleased with what you have given him and _ you have told him.A. that B. which C. all what D. all that ZB26. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observed B. how what you have observedC. that you have observed D. how that you have observedB27. Where do you think _ A. has he gone B. has he been C. hes gone D. was heB28. Do you know _ A. how many populations there are in the world B. how much population there is in the worldC. how many the population of the world isD. what the population of the world isB29. Would you go and see _ outside A. what to take place B. what Tom has happenedC. what is happening D. what the matter had beenB31. _? I think he is Charles.A. Who do you think he is B. Do you think who he isC. Whom do you think he isD. Do you think who he isB32. He didnt know which room _.A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live inB33. The little boy ate _ his mother gave him.A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter whatB35. My parents used _ they had to get a new car for me.A. which B. that C. what D. all whatB41. “Do you know _” “His father is a doctor.”A. what is his father B. who is his fatherC. what his father is D. who his father is B45. They discussed _ they could settle the problem without others help.A. if B. that C. what D. whetherB46. She asked _.A. what I was doing when she rang me up B. what was I doing when she rang me upC. when she rang me up what I was doing D. when did she ring me up what I was doingB47. May I borrow the ring? You can take _ you like.A. no matter what B. which C. whichever D. that B48. He said that he was fond of _.A. what beautiful is B. what is beautiful C. beautiful is what D. what it is beautifulB49. He insisted that he _ in good health and _ to work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, sendB50. Do you know _ he expects will give us a talk A. who B. whom C. that D. whoseB52. They would have fixed the telephone yesterday _ it was a holiday.A. except B. except for C. except that D. but forZB56. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, whatBZ80. Jack was soon told _ he did was not necessary.A. why B. that C. how D. why whatZB100. _ Tom liked to eat was different from _.A. Thatthat you had expected B. What that you had expectedC. Thatwhat you had expected D. Whatwhat you had expected表语从句&同位语从句T1. His success was because of _ he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the factBB4. The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I gotT5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for T14._ is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes lateT15. They came to the conclusion _ by a computer.A. that not all things can be done B. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be done D. because not all things can be doneBB16. Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A. for B. because C. since D. thatBB19. Output is now six times _ it was before liberation.A. that B. which C. what D. of whichZBB21. _ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. Thatwhat B. Whatthat C. Thatwhich D. WhatwhichBD23. She is pleased with what you have given him and _ you have told him.A. that B. which C. all what D. all that ZB26. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observed B. how what you have observedC. that you have observed D. how that you have observedZBB30. The subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him. is_.A. what B. interesting C. What is interesting D. IBB34. The city is no longer _. A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to beZD37. _ was the idea _ the wife thought of? A. Whatthat B. Thatwhat C. Howwhy D. WhyhowZD38. _ did he tell his wife _ he wished to do A. Thatwhat B. Whatthat C. Where which D. Whichwhere ZT39. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which thatT40. I have no idea _ or not he has finished the work.A. if B. that C. whether D. whichBB42. Is this _ we met each other two years ago A. place B. place in which C. where D. place whichT44. We