BEC高级精讲班第10讲讲义.doc

BEC高级精讲班第10讲讲义 HomeworkreviewI. Homework reviewDear SirsI took your Computer Intermediate Level Course on 22 March at your companys premises. I am writing to complain about the course you provided.I chose your company because of your high reputation in teaching computer courses. Besides, your advertisement really lured me since you emphasised that you had some advantages over rivals. For example, you had an array of highly experienced teachers and a large number of up to date computers at the premises. You could teach students on how to become an expert in using some software, for instance, the word processor, spreadsheet, database and electronic mails. In addition, you promised to arrange satisfied buffet lunch.Unfortunately, the course did not match with what you promised. Only one teacher taught us how to the word processor. The teacher was not an experienced one since he taught us for the whole morning and left us to do nothing in the afternoon. Besides, we had to share one computer because there were six students in one group. Even worse, I had no enough food and felt hungry in the afternoon. Your company charged me a lot on the course and promised to provide a quality course. On the contrary, I did not learn anything from it. Therefore, I would insist on refunding my fee in full. I hope you can put my complaints into prompt attention.I look forward to receiving your reply soon.Yours faithfullyTracy HuVocabularystudyII. Vocabulary StudyLearning words from the contextear lobe helixesChildhood is represented by formative earsIn face reading, the ears represent our childhood. Some practitioners believe the fortunes of boys and girls, from birth to age seven, are determined by the left ear. The right ear defines their lives from age eight to 14.Another school of thought, however, believes that boys lives start from the left ear and girls from the right. But both schools agree that the positions of the ear from top to ear lobe correspond to a persons age.People with “good” ears usually hail from an affluent family, are intelligent and enjoy a lot of love and attention from their parents. Large ears are better than small ones. Their owners tend to be more energetic and enjoy good health. Ears that are higher than or as high as the eyebrows indicate outstanding academic ability and early fame. Good ears should also be well developed, with proportionate inner and outer helixes.Those with inner helixes that are bigger than the outer ones can be stubborn, hard to convince and usually loners. Well-formed and fleshy helixes are also preferred. Thin and poorly shaped outer helixes often reveal poor health at a young stage. Another factor is whether the ears lie flat against the head. Children with such ears are usually quiet and obedient, but more dependent and not keen on experimenting with new things. Those with ears that overly protrude from the head are usually “naughty”.Although non-conformist, they tend to be more creative and curious.Ears that are paler than the face colour are a good sign. They represent fame and career success. Pink and reddish ears symbolize romantic involvement. But dull and dark ears indicate problems with the kidneys, according to Chinese medical theory.People with long, large earlobes generally live long. Fleshy earlobes are also associated with wealth. Avoid piercing your ears if you have bulging earlobes. It diminishes your wealth factor. However, if you have small earlobes, ear piercing can enlarge the flesh and improve wealth.ear lobe noun countablethe soft piece of flesh at the bottom of your earhelix nouncountableplural helicestechnical a line that curves and rises around a central line 螺线线synonym spiralhail from something phrasal verbto have been born in a particular placeAnd where do you hail from?pierce verbtransitive to make a small hole in or through something, using an object with a sharp pointSteam the corn until it can easily be pierced with a fork.Rose underwent emergency surgery after a bullet pierced her lung. pierce a hole in/through something Pierce small holes in the base of the pot with a hot needle.bulge noun countable1 a curved mass on the surface of something, usually caused by something under or inside it 膨胀，凸起The gun made a bulge under his jacket.2 a sudden temporary increase in the amount or level of something 突然短暂的上升a bulge in the birthrateRecruitmentmethodsIII. Recruitment methods1.Speaking.Internal recruitment Advantages:The candidates already know the job and the company.Disadvantages:No new impetus, the same mindset; An internal candidate is not necessarily the best person on the market.Job AdvertisementAdvantages:Wide audience; can potentially reach the best on the market; fresh attitudes.Disadvantages:High processing costs: a large number of applicants need to be processed.Recruitment AgenciesAdvantages:Can be selective. Can potentially get the best person for the job quickly.Disadvantages:Expensive.HeadhuntingAdvantages:Can select high quality candidates.Headhunters know the market and the best people. Can access people not actively on the job market.Disadvantages:Very expensive in the short term.impetus noun uncountable1 an influence that makes something happen or makes it happen more quickly刺激，推动力impetus forThe report may provide further impetus for reform.这份报告为改革提供了进一步的推动力。The discovery gave fresh impetus to the research. 这个发现给了这项研究以崭新的推动。mindset noun countablesomeones general attitude, and the way in which they think about things and make decisions精神状态，思想倾向，气质The company seems to have a very old-fashioned mindset. 这家公司看上去还是老的思维意识。fresh adjectiveNEWadding to or replacing something 新的Ill just make some fresh coffee. 我刚刚沏了新咖啡。The report provides fresh evidence about the way the business was run. 这份报告针对这家企业的运行模式提供了全新的证据。Youll have to start again on a fresh sheet of paper. 你用一张新纸重新开始。NEW AND INTERESTINGgood or interesting because it has not been done, seen etc before 全新的，饶有兴趣的Ryan will bring a fresh approach to the job. 瑞恩将带着全新的态度来面对这份工作。We need some fresh ideas. 我们需要一些新的想法。Lets take a fresh look at the problem. 让我们再重新看待这个问题。RECENTdone, experienced, or having happened recentlyThe accident was still fresh in her mind. 这个事故仍历历在目。selective adjective1 careful about what you choose to do, buy, allow etc 精挑新选的selective about/inWere very selective about what we let the children watch. 我们对可以给儿童看的节目精挑新选。2.Reading.So why do people headhunt?headhunter noun countablesomeone who finds people with the right skills and experience to do particular jobs, and who tries to persuade them to leave their present jobs 猎头headhunt verb transitiveniche noun1 countable if you find your niche, you find a job or activity that is very suitable for you合适的职务（或地位等） Amanda soon found her niche at the club. 阿曼达很快就在这家俱乐部里找到了最适合她的位置。Hes managed to create a niche for himself in local politics. 他设法在当地政治圈中为自己闯出一个适合的地位。2 singular an opportunity to sell a product or service to a particular group of people who have similar needs, interests etc 出售稀缺产品的机会niche inHe spotted a niche in the market. 他在市场上找到了一个稀缺市场。3 countable a hollow place in a wall, often made to hold a statue 佛龛niche adjective only before nounrelating to selling goods to a particular small group of people who have similar needs, interests etcniche marketing a niche market a niche productan Achilles heel致命弱点，唯一的弱点Achillesin ancient Greek stories, a hero who was protected by magic so that the only place where he could be hurt was his heel阿基里斯： 出生后被其母亲握脚踵倒提着在黑河中浸过，因此除未浸到水的脚踵外浑身刀枪不入。fed up adjectiveinformal annoyed or bored, and wanting something to change饱受, 厌烦She felt tired and a bit fed up.她很疲倦，有一点烦躁。fed up withIm really fed up with this constant rain.我真是受够了这连绵不断的雨水。Anna got fed up with waiting.安娜受够了等待之苦。blunt adj. speaking in an honest way even if this upsets people 钝的，率直的，直言不讳的e.g. To be blunt, many of the candidates cannot read or write. e.g. Julians blunt words hurt her.category nouncountable plural categoriesa group of people or things that are all of the same type 种类，类别category ofThere are five categories of workers. 有五种工人。people in the over-45 age category 超过45岁的人群fall into/belong in/fit into a category 属于某种情况Voters fall into three main categories. 选民分成三种情况。Williams style does not fit easily into the category of jazz. 威廉的风格不能算是爵士乐这一类。throw up (British English) to produce problems, ideas, results etc 产生e.g. The arrangement may throw up problems in other areas. 这样的安排可能在其他方面产生很多问题。have (keep) up (in) ones sleeve 有锦囊妙计，留有一招informal to have a secret plan or idea that you are going to use latere.g. Dont worry. He still has a few tricks up his sleeve.extension TELEPHONE countablea) one of many telephone lines connected to a central system in a large building, which all have different numbers 分机Can I have extension 316, please? 你能帮我接316分机吗？Do you know Mr Browns extension number? 你找到布朗先生的分机号码吗？b) one of the telephones in a house that all have the same number 家庭中一部电话在各个房间串成的分机deduction noun uncountable and countable1 the process of using the knowledge or information you have in order to understand something or form an opinion, or the opinion that you form 演绎，推论Children will soon make deductions about the meaning of a word. 孩子们很快就可以通过推论知道这个单词的意思。2 the process of taking away an amount from a total, or the amount that is taken away 减去After deductions for tax etc, your salary is about £700 a month. 扣完税后，你的薪水是每个月700英镑。work out phrasal verbCALCULATEwork something outto calculate an answer, amount, price etc 计算出See if you can work this bill out. 看看你能不能把这个帐单算出结果来。work out how much/how many etcWell have to work out how much food well need for the party. 我们应该估算一下这次聚会我们需要准备多少食物。COSTif a cost or amount works out at a particular figure, it is found to be that much when you calculate it 算出. 结果work out at/to £10/$500 etc The bill works out at £15 each. 这个帐单的总额为15英镑。work out expensive/cheap etc (=be expensive or cheap) 计算后昂贵/便宜If we go by taxi, its going to work out very expensive. 如果我们打车去，那么我们会花很多钱的。adjacent adj. 临近的，毗连的a room, building, piece of land etc that is adjacent to something is next to ite.g. We stayed in adjacent rooms.adjacent toe.g. the building adjacent to the libraryfor future referencesomething kept for future reference is kept in order to be used or looked at in the future 为日后参考come across phrasal verb1 come across somebody/somethingto meet, find, or discover someone or something by chance 碰到，发现I came across an old diary in her desk. 我在她的办公桌上看到了一个老的日记本。Ive never come across anyone quite like her before. 我以前从未见过像她一样的人。Explaining dComparing cEmphasisingaContrasting eExemplifyingb3. (1) B (2) E (3) A (4) Fdivulge verb transitive formalto give someone information that should be secret泄露（秘密等）synonym revealdivulge information/secrets/details etc (to somebody) It is not company policy to divulge personal details of employees.divulge thatClare divulged that she was recovering from a nervous breakdown.divulge what/where etcThe Pentagon refused to divulge what type of plane it was.discreet adjective1 careful about what you say or do, so that you do not offend, upset, or embarrass people or tell secrets（言行）谨慎地，慎言地opposite indiscreetHe assured her that he would be discreet.discreetly adverb navigate v. 1 intransitive and transitive to find which way you need to go when you are travelling from one place to another 找路e.g. Ill drive, you take the map and navigate.我开车，你拿着地图找路。e.g. Early explorers used to navigate by the stars . 早期的探险者是靠星星找路的。navigate your way through/to/around somethingWe managed to navigate our way through the forest. 我们试图在森林里找到我们的出路。2 intransitive and transitive to understand or deal with something complicated 理解或解决复杂的问题A solicitor will help you navigate the complex legal system. 律师会帮助你解决这个复杂的法律问题。navigate throughI am currently trying to navigate through a whole stack of information on the subject.3 transitive to sail along a river or other area of water 航海The river is too dangerous to navigate. 这条河太危险了，不能在里面航海。4 intransitive and transitive to find your way around on a particular website, or to move from one website to another 在网站里搜寻The magazines website is easy to navigate. 这份杂志的网站很容易浏览到所需信息。contribute to v. 投稿，撰稿 to write articles, stories, poems etc for a newspaper or magazinee.g. one of several authors contributing to the book- contributor5. Speaking.TheheadhuntingprocessIV. The headhunting process1.Listening. specialise in: to limit all or most of your study, business etc to a particular subject or activitye.g. Simmons specialized in contract law.Answer key:(1)agency recruitment(2)skills shortages(3)desk research(4)neutral location(5)presents his findings(6)offer process(7)first annual salary(8)a retainer(9)strengths and weaknesses(10) key players(11) commercial sensitive(12) motivated Vocabulary prevalent adjectivecommon at a particular time, in a particular place, or among a particular group of people 盛行的prevalent in/among etcprevalent among younger teenagers在青少年中很盛行prevalence noun singular, uncountableprevail verb intransitive not in progressive formal1if a belief, custom, situation etc prevails, it exists among a group of people at a certain time盛行，普遍prevail in/among etcthe economic conditions which prevail in England and Wales 在英格兰和威尔士非常普遍的经济情况utmost adjectivealso uttermostthe utmost importance/respect/care etcthe greatest possible importance etc 最重要的a matter of the utmost importance 一件极为重要的事情Ive got the utmost respect for her accomplishments. 我对她所取得的成就表示最高的敬意。Baldwin treated the matter with the utmost seriousness. 对这件事采取最为严肃的态度。discretion noun uncountable1 the ability and right to decide exactly what should be done in a particular situation 斟酌决定的自由，处理权at somebodys discretion(=according to someones decision) 随.的意见，由斟酌决定The awards are made at the discretion of the committee. 这些奖项是由委员会做出的决定。Promotions are left to the discretion of the supervisor. 职位提升的决定由总监做出。discretion over/as toPeople want to have more discretion over their working hours. 人们想对自己的工作实践能够做出决定。use/exercise your discretion discretion to do somethingThe committee has the absolute discretion to refuse applications.2 the ability to deal with situations in a way that does not offend, upset, or embarrass people or tell any of their secrets谨慎，慎重British newspapers no longer feel they must treat the royal family with discretion. 英国报纸不再觉得他们必须谨慎地对待皇室成员。facilitate verb transitive formal to make it easier for a process or activity to happen 有利于，有助于Computers can be used to facilitate language learning. 电脑可以用来帮助语言学习。facilitationnoun uncountablefacilitator noun countablesomeone who helps a group of people discuss things with each other or do something effectively 帮助讨论的人instalment also installment American English countable1 one of a series of regular payments that you make until you have paid all the money you owe 分期付款the second instalment of a loan 偿付贷款的第二次还款Theyre letting me pay for the washing machine by monthly installments. 他们让我按照每月还款的方式购买这台洗衣机。2 one of the parts of a story that appears as a series of parts, especially in a magazine, newspaper etc 故事的连载the first instalment of a science fiction trilogy 科幻三部曲中的第一部请比较install verb transitive1 to put a piece of equipment somewhere and connect it so that it is ready to be used 安装Theyve installed the new computer network at last. 他们最终安装了新型的电脑网络。Security cameras have been installed in the city centre. 安全摄像机被安置在市中心。2 to add new software to a computer so that it is ready to be used 安装新软件反义词 uninstallWeve installed new anti-virus software. 我们安装了新的防病毒软件。3 to put someone in an important job or position, especially with a ceremony 宣誓就职Churchill was installed as Chancellor of the university. 丘吉尔宣誓就职担任了这所大学的校长。installation noun1 uncountable when someone fits a piece of equipment somewhere 安装the installation and maintenance of alarm systems retainer n.（法律）（律师等之）聘请费an amount of money paid to someone, especially a lawyer, so that they will continue to work for you in the futurepainstaking adjective usually before nounvery careful and thorough仔细的，完整的The work had been done with painstaking attention to detail. 这个工作是在非常注意细节的情况下完成的。Chris described in painstaking detail what had happened. 克里斯非常详细地描述了发生了的事情。painstakingly adverb The old painting was painstakingly restored.unethical adj. morally unacceptable不道德的，不合乎道德的e.g. unethical medical practices-unethically adverbP84 One-minute talk: how to fill a key vacancy Does the student show a clear understanding of the task? YesSHORT Is there an appropriate introduction and conclusion? Partly Are the students ideas well-organised and logically ordered? YesTALK Is appropriate signposting and linking language used? Yes Does the student develop ideas rather than repeat them? Yes Are the ideas clearly expressed and easy to understand? Yes Does the student speak in a clear and natural manner? Yes Is the talk of an appropriate length? Yespsychometric adjectiverelating to the measurement of mental abilities and qualitiespsychometric tests心理测试