医学专业英语的重点单词终结版.doc

医学专业英语的重点单词终结版Human Body1.anatomy(解剖学) 2.embryology(胚胎学) 3.histology(组织学) 4.hematology(血液学)5.immunology(免疫学) 6.biology(生物学) 7.cytology(细胞学) 8.physiology(生理学)9.endocrinology（内分泌学） 10.psychology(心理学) 11.skeletal system(骨骼系统)12.muscular system (肌肉系统) 13.circulatory system (循环系统) 14.respiratory system(呼吸系统) 15.urinary system (泌尿系统) 16. endocrine system(内分泌系统) 17.reproductive system(生殖系统) 18.principal (重要的) 19.joint(关节) 20.cartilage(软骨) 21.bone marrow（骨髓） 22.cube-shaped(立方的) 23.interior（内部的）24.external (外部的) 25.hinge joint(结合点) 26.pivot joint (区轴点) 27.socket (臼槽) 28.skull (颅骨) 29.elbow (肘部) 30.breast（胸部） 31.hip joints (髂关节) 32.cushioning（缓冲）33.striated muscles（条纹肌） 34.smooth muscles（平滑肌） 35.voluntary muscles(随意肌) 36.function (功能) 37.nourishment（营养）38.nutrient（营养素）39.blood vessel（血管）40.cardiovascular system (心血管系统) 41.artery（动脉）42.capillary（毛细血管） 43.vein （静脉）44.lymphatic system（淋巴系统）45.lymph vessel (淋巴管) 46.lymph nodes(淋巴结) 47.spleen（脾）48.expel（排除） 49.carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) 50.oxygen （氧气） 51.larynx，throat（喉管）52.windpipe、trachea(气管) 53.esophagus(食管) 54.exhale（呼出）55.molecule（分子）56.saliva(唾液) 57.enzyme（酶）58.kidney（肾）59.urine（尿液）60.ureter（输尿管）61.urethra（尿道）62.bile(胆汁) 63.gallbladder (胆囊)64.sodium（钠）65.potassium(钾) 66.bladder（膀胱） 67.pancreas（胰腺）68.hormone（激素）69.pituitary(脑垂体) 70.thyroid(甲状腺) 71.adrenal gland (肾上腺) 72.cortisone(可的松) 73.adrenaline(肾上腺素) 74.insulin（胰岛素）75.glucagon(胰高血糖素) 76.collar bone（锁骨）77.spinal column(脊柱) 78.spinal cord （脊髓） 79.sperm(精子) 80.ovum （卵子）81.testis，testes(睾丸) 82.ovary（卵巢）83.testosterone (睾酮) 84.progesterone（孕酮）85.estrogen（雌激素）86.tactile（触觉的） 87.accessory (附属的) 88.pharynx(咽)Human disease1.pathology (病理学) 2.pathogen（病原体）3.fungi(真菌) fungus(s.)4.bacteria(细菌) bacterium(s.) 5.virus(病毒) viruses(pl.) 6.diagnose（诊断）7.paralysis（瘫痪, 麻痹）8.symptom（症状）9.sign（体征）10.symptomatic（有症状的）11.asymptomatic（无症状的）12.acute disease（急性病）13.chronic disease（慢性病）14.subacute disease（亚急性病）15.fatal（致命的）16.rheumatic fever（风湿热)17.subarachnoid（蛛网膜下的）18.epidemic disease（传染病）19.endemic disease（地方病）20.airborne droplets（空气传播的）21.apnea（呼吸暂停）22.atonia（张力缺乏）23.degeneration（退化）24.Stomatitis（口腔炎）25.prolapse（直肠、子宫等脱垂脱出）26.malfunction（功能失调）27.obesity（肥胖）28.malnutrition（营养不良的）29.hereditary（遗传）30.mental retardation(智力发育迟缓的)31.venereal disease（花柳病）32.hepatitis（肝炎）33.colitis（结肠炎）34.cholera（霍乱）35.typhoid fever（伤寒）36.boils（疥）37.pimples（小脓包) 38.pus（脓）39.abscess（脓肿）40.armpit（腋窝）41.blood poisoning/sepsis(败血症)42.phagocyte（吞噬细胞）43.antigen（抗原）44.antibody（抗体）45.immunoglobulin(免疫球蛋白)46.opsonization（调理作用）47.complement（补体）48.negative feedback control（负反馈调节）The Digestive System1.gastrointestinal tract (胃肠道) 2.ingestion(摄入) 3.absorption（吸收）4.digestive(消化)5.elimination(排泄) 6.oral cavity/buccal cavity（口腔）7.palate(腭) 8.chewing(mastication)（咀嚼）9.swallowing(deglutition)（吞咽）10.incisor（切牙）11.cuspid（尖牙）canine（犬牙）12.molar(磨牙) 13.cementum(牙骨质) 14.gum(牙龈) 15.gingiva(牙龈) 16.pulp(牙髓) 17.enamel(牙釉质) 18.periodontium(牙周组织) 19.deciduous dentiton(乳牙) 20.permanent dentition (恒牙) 21.lower jaw bone（下颌骨）22.papillae(乳头) 23.taste bud（味蕾）24.uvula（悬雍垂) 25.parotid gland(腮腺) 26.submandibular gland(下颌下腺)27sublingual gland (舌下腺) 28.epiglottis(会厌) 29.nasal cavity(鼻腔)30.peristalsis(蠕动) 31.fundus(胃底) 32.antrum（胃窦）33.cardiac sphincter(贲门括约肌) 34.pyloric sphincter(幽门括约肌) 35.chyme(食糜)36.duodenum(十二指肠) 37.jejunum(空肠）38.ileum（回肠）39.cecum(盲肠) 40.rectum（直肠）41.colon(结肠) 42.sigmoid colon (乙状结肠) 43.ileocecal valve (回盲瓣) 44.ascending colon (升结肠) 45.transverse colon (横结肠) 46.descending colon (降结肠) 47.appendix(阑尾) 48.stool/feces（粪便）49.anus（肛门）50. hydrochloric acid (盐酸) 51.abdomen(腹部) 52.cholesterol（胆固醇）53.bile pigment(胆色素) 54.bilirubin(胆红素) 55.blood protein(血红蛋白) 56.erythrocyte（红细胞）57.glycogen(糖原)58.cilia、villi（绒毛）59.amylase(淀粉酶) 60.lipase(脂肪酶) 61.hepatic duct(肝管) 62.cystic duct(胆囊管) 63.common bile duct（胆总管）64.detoxification（解毒）65.emulsification (乳化作用)66.bile acid (胆酸)The Disorders of the Digestive System 1.gingivitis (牙龈炎) 2.peptic ulcer （消化性溃疡）3.vomiting（呕吐）4.perforation(穿孔) 5.barium(钡) 6.hiatal(裂孔的) 7.hernia(疝)8.endoscopy (内窥镜检查) 9.hemorrhage(出血) 10.histamine (组胺)11.chest cavity （胸腔） 12.diaphragm（膈）13.gastritis（胃炎）14.hepatitis（肝炎） 15.cirrhosis(肝硬化) 16.hepatomegaly(肝肿大)17.edema(浮肿) 18.jaundice(黄疸) 19.architecture(结构) 20.nodule(结节)21.micronodular(小结节)22.macronodular(巨结节) 23.lobular(小叶的)24.cholelithiasis(胆结石)25.cholecystitis(胆囊炎) 26.biliary colic（胆绞痛）27.nausea (恶心) 28.cholecystectomy(胆囊切除术) 29.laparoscope(腹腔镜)30.pancreatitis(胰腺炎)31.paralytic ileus(麻痹性肠梗阻) 32.autodigestion(自体消化) 33.necrosis(坏死) 34.epigastric(腹上部的)35.appendicitis(阑尾炎) 36.navel（脐）37.peritonitis(腹腔炎)38.ulcerative colitis(溃烂性结肠炎) 39.antibiotic(抗生素) 40.fistula(瘘) 41.diverticulum（憩室）42.diverticulitis(憩室炎)43.diverticulosis(憩室病)44.polyps（息肉）45.diarrhea(腹泻) 46.occult blood(隐血) 47.proctoscope(直肠镜) 48.sigmoidoscope(乙状结肠镜)49.colonoscope(结肠镜)50.ileostomy(回肠造口术)51.colostomy（结肠造口术）52.gastroduodenostomy(胃十二指肠吻合术)53.coloproctostomy（结肠直肠吻合术）Respiratory System1.pulmonary veins（肺静脉）2.irritant(刺激物) 3.frontal sinus（额窦）4.ethmoidal sinus（刷窦）5.sphenoid sinus（蝶窦）6.maxillary sinus （上颌窦）7.paranasal sinus(副鼻窦) 8.nasal cavity（鼻腔）9.nostril(鼻孔)10.nasopharynx （鼻咽）11.oropharynx（口咽）12.hypopharynx（下咽）13.Laryngopharynx（喉咽）14.adenoids（腺体肿大）15.hypopharyngeal（下咽的）16.pharyngeal tonsils（咽扁桃体）17. palatine tonsils（腭扁桃体）18.tongue tonsil（舌扁桃体）19.vocal cords（声带）20.mucous membrane(分泌粘液的膜) 21.fibrous connective tissue(纤维结缔组织)22.bronchi（支气管）23.Bronchiole（细支气管）24.alveoli，alveolus（肺泡）25.epithelium（上皮） 26.parietal pleura（壁层胸膜）27.visceral pleura（脏层胸膜）28.horizontal fissure（水平裂）29.oblique fissure（斜裂）30.apex（肺尖）31.hilum（肺门）32.Collarbone（锁骨）33.diaphragm（横膈) 34.mediastinum（纵隔） 35.thoracic cavity （胸腔）36.abdominal cavity（腹腔）37.inhalation/inspiration(吸气)38.exhalation/expiration（呼气）39.brainstem(脑干)40.phrenic nerve（膈神经）41.acid(酸) 42.acidity（酸度）43.acidosis(酸中毒) 44.alkalinity（碱度）45.alkali(碱) 46.alkalosis（碱中毒）47.hyperventilation （换气过度）48.hypoventilation（换气不足）49.macrophages（巨噬细胞）50.mucus（粘液）Respiratory Disorders and Diseases1.pneumonia(肺炎) 2.tuberculosis(结核) 3.asthma (哮喘) 4.allergic(过敏的) 5.emphysema(肺气肿) 6.influenza(流行性感冒) 7.pneumonitis(肺炎) 8.lobar pneumonia(大叶性肺炎) 9.bronchopneumonia(支气管肺炎)10.pleurisy(胸膜炎) 11.tubercle(结核结节) 12.hemoptysis(咯血) 13.phlegm(痰) 14.exudates(渗出物) 15.solidification(固化)16.consolidation(实变) 17.dyspnea(呼吸困难)18.cyanosis(紫绀)19.wheeze(喘息) 20.Steroids(类固醇) 21.allergen(过敏原) 22.polio(脊髓灰质炎,小儿麻痹症) 23.paralyze(瘫痪) 24.mature(成熟的) 25.prematurely(过早地, 早熟地 ) 26.digitalis(洋地黄)27.diuretics(利尿剂)28.atrium(心房) 29. acute pulmonary edema（急性肺水肿）30.pneumothorax(气胸) 31.pneumoconiosis(尘肺)32.silicosis(矽肺) 33.anthracosilicosis(碳矽末沉着症) 34.bronchitis(支气管炎)35.bronchiectasis（支气管扩张）36.bronchospasm（支气管痉挛）37.hypercapnia（高碳酸血症）38.simple chronic bronchitis(单纯性慢性支气管炎).39.chronic obstructive bronchitis (慢性梗阻性支气管炎)40.asthmatic bronchitis(哮喘性支气管炎) 41.noxious（有害的，有毒的）Common disorders of the cardiovascular1.atherosclerosis(动脉粥样硬化) 2.lumen（内腔）3.ischemia（局部缺血）4.coronary heart disease(冠心病) 5.angina pectoris（心绞痛）6.clot（血凝块）7.thrombosis(血栓形成) 8.thrombus(血栓) 9.myocardial infarction(心肌梗死) 10.arhythmia(心律不齐) 11.fibrillation(纤维性颤动) 12.embolism(栓塞) 13.embolus(栓子) 14.stroke（中风）15.subcutaneous(皮下的) 16.syncope(晕厥) 17.glomerulonephritis(肾小球肾炎) 18.pyelonephritis(肾盂肾炎) 19.rheumatic heart disease(风湿性心脏病) 20.valvular murmur(瓣膜杂音) 21.systolic pressure(收缩压) 22.diastolic pressure（舒张压）23.congestive heart failure （充血性心力衰竭）24.vegetation (赘生物)25.essential hypertension（原发性高血压）26.secondary hypertension（继发性高血压）27.endocarditis(心内膜炎）28.pericardial tamponade(心包填塞) 29.pericarditis(心包炎) 30.hemorrhage（出血） 31.shock（休克） 32.plasma（血浆）33.dextran(右旋糖酐) 34.vomitus（呕吐物）35.spermatic cord (精索) 36.ligament(韧带) 37.uterus（子宫）38.piles,hemorrhoid(痔疮) 39.varix,varices(静脉曲张)40.phlebitis（静脉炎）41.etiology(病因学) 42.dextran(右旋糖酐)Blood and immunity1.hemocyte(血细胞) 2.erythrocyte(红细胞) 3.leukocyte(白细胞) 4.platelets(血小板) 5.thrombocytes(血小板) 6.clotting cells(血小板)7.plasma(血浆) 8.fibrinogen(纤维蛋白原) 9.fibrin(纤维蛋白) 10.albumin(白蛋白) 11.globulin(球蛋白) 12.prothrombin(纤维蛋白原) 13.globin(珠蛋白) 14.hemoglobin（血红球蛋白）15.pigment（色素）16.heme（亚铁血红素）17.electrolyte(电解质) 18.clotting factors(凝血因子) 19.nucleus(核) nuclei(pl.) 20.erythropoietin(促红细胞生成素) 21.granulocytes(粒细胞) 22.eosinophil(嗜酸性粒细胞)23.basophil(嗜碱性粒细胞)24.neutrophil(嗜中性粒细胞) 25.agranulocyte(无粒细胞)26.monocyte(单核细胞) 27.lymphocyte(淋巴细胞) 28.polymorphonuclear(多形核细胞) 29. detoxify(解毒作用) 30.heparin（肝素）31.phagocytic (吞噬细胞的) 32.macrophages(巨噬细胞) 33.phagocyte(吞噬细胞) 34.phagocytosis(吞噬作用) 35.megakaryocyte(巨核细胞) 36.hemostasis(止血)37.immunoglobulin(免疫球蛋白) 38.thymus gland(胸腺) 39.lymphoid organs(淋巴器官)40.debris(残片) 41.cytotoxic（细胞毒性）42.interferons(干扰素)43.interleukins(白细胞介素) 44.anemia(贫血) 45.fatigue（乏力）46.heart palpitation(心悸) 47.pallor(面色苍白) 48.irritation（烦躁不安）49.aplastic anemia(再生障碍性贫血）50.pancytopenia(全细胞减少)51.hemolytic anemia (溶血性贫血) 52.spherocytosis(球形红细胞增多症)53.jaundice(黄疸) 54.pernicious(恶性贫血) 55.megaloblast(巨成红细胞)56.sickle cell anemia(镰刀细胞性贫血) 57.arthralgias(关节痛)58.extremities(四肢) 59.ulceration(溃疡) 60.thalassemia(地中海贫血)61.thrombocytopenia(血小板减少症) 62.petechiae(瘀点) 63.ecchymosis(瘀斑) 64.purpura(紫癜)65.hemophilia(血友病) 66.intramuscular(肌肉下的) 67.autoimmune disease(自身免疫性疾病)68.hematuria(血尿) 69.hemarthrosis(关节积血)70.leukemia(白血病)71.neoplasms(肿瘤) 72.acute myelogenous leukemia(急粒) 73.acute lymphocytic leukemia (急淋) 74.chronic myelogenous leukemia(慢粒)75. chronic lymphocytic leukemia(慢淋)76.multiple myeloma（骨髓瘤）77.plasma cells (浆细胞) 78.osteolytic(溶骨性的)79.myeloblast(成髓细胞，原粒细胞) 80.lymphoblast(成淋巴细胞)81.hypercalcemia(高钙血症) 82.itching(痒) 83.rash（皮疹）84.sneezing(喷嚏) 85.urticaria（荨麻疹）86.asthma（哮喘）87.immunodeficiency(免疫缺陷)88.dysgammaglobulinemia(异常球蛋白血症) 89.extrinsic(外缘的)90.intrinsic（内源性的）91.lymphadenopathy (淋巴结病)Development & Genetics1.zygote(合子)2.oviduct(输卵管)3.endometrium(子宫内膜)4.embryo(胚胎)5.chorionic sac(绒毛囊)6.chorion（绒毛膜）7.gonadotropin（促性腺激素）8.corpus luteum(黄体)9.placenta（胎盘）10.amniotic sac（羊膜囊）11.amniorrhea（破水）12.trimester（三个月，三月期）13.parturition（分娩）14.dystocia （难产）15.cesarean birth（剖宫产）16.oxytocin（催产素）17.prostaglandin （前列腺素）18. meiosis（减数分裂，成熟分裂）19.mitosis（有丝分裂）20.triplet（三胞胎）21.quadruplet(四胞胎)22.dissimilar（不同的）23.abort（流产）24.vagina(阴道)25.cervix（子宫颈）26.fallopian tubes(输卵管）27.fertilization(受孕，受精)28.pregnancy tests(妊娠试验）29.fetus(胎儿)30.umbilical cord（脐带)31.amnion(羊膜囊)32.menstrual(月经）33.birth canal(产道)34.gravida（孕次）35.primigravida（初孕妇）36.para（产次）37.inheritable（可遗传的）38.offspring（后代）39.dominant（显性）40.recessive（隐性）41.cell division（细胞分裂）42.rearrangement（重排）43.fragment（碎片）44.dissimilar（不同）45.identical（相同）Disorders of Pregnancy & Genetic Disease1.preeclampsia/eclampsia(先兆子痫) 2.toxemia(毒血症)3.proteinuria(蛋白尿)4.ectopic(异位的)5.salpingitis(输卵管炎)6.endometriosis(子宫内膜异位症)7.laparoscopic(腹腔镜检查的)8.miscarriage(自然流产)9.incompetence(无能力)10.induced abortion (人工流产)11.suction(抽吸)12.birth defect(先天缺陷)13.teratogen(致胎儿畸形药)14.malformation(畸形；变形)15.rubella/german measles(风疹)16.measles(麻疹)17.herpes simplex(单纯疱疹)18.syphilis(梅毒)19.atresia(闭锁畸形)20.anencephalus(无脑畸形)21.spina bifida(脊柱裂)22.cleft lip(唇裂)23.cleft palate(腭裂)24.diabetes mellitus(糖尿病)25.amniocentesis(羊膜穿刺术)26.karyotype(染色体组型)27.chorionic villus(绒膜绒毛)28.transmit(传递)29.Mendelian fashion(孟德尔遗传定律)30.immunogenetics(免疫遗传学)31.incur(招致)32.mutagen(诱变剂，诱变因素)33.mutagenic(诱变的)34.carcinogen(致癌物)35.albinism(白化病)36.pigmentation(色素沉着)37.homozygote(纯合子)38.progeny(后裔，后代)39.schizophrenia(精神分裂症)40. counselor(咨询者；顾问)41. mutant(突变型；变异的)42. prenatal(出生前的)43. lethal(致命的)44.euphenics(优型学)45.euphenic(优型学的) Endocrine System 1.endocrine(内分泌) 2.dwarf（矮小症）3.hormone（激素）4.gland（腺体）5.glandular（腺体的）6.reproduction（生殖）7.metabolism（代谢）8.nutrien（营养素）9.target tissue（靶组织）10.receptor（受体）11.hormonal（激素的）12.steroid（类固醇）13.lipid（脂质）14.protein（蛋白）15.proteinlike compound(类似蛋白质的化合物) 16.gonad（性腺）17.cortex（皮质，皮层）18.adrenal gland （肾上腺）19.kidney（肾脏）20.renin（肾素）21.calcium（钙）22.phosphorus(磷)23.pituitary（脑垂体）24.thyroid（甲状腺）25.parathyroid（甲状旁腺）26.pancreas（胰）27.pineal（松果体）28.sphenoid（蝶骨）29.anterior lobe（前叶）30.adenohypophysis（腺垂体）31.posterior lobe（后叶）32. neurohypophysis（神经垂体）33.hypothalamus（下丘脑）34.mammary（乳房的）35.antidiuretic（抗利尿的）36.oxytocin（催产素）37.uterine（子宫的）38.isthmus（峡）39.thyroxine（T4）40.triiodothyronine（T3）41.calcitonin（降钙素）42.homeostasis（内稳态）43.medullar（髓的）44.corticosteroid（皮质类固醇）45.glucocorticoid（糖皮质激素）46.cortisol（可的松）47.mineralocorticoid（盐皮质激素）48.aldosterone（醛固酮）49.epinephrine（肾上腺素)50.norepinephrine，noradrenaline（去甲肾上腺素）51.abdomen（腹部）52.exocrine（外分泌的）53.islets of Langerhans（胰岛）54.ovarian（卵巢的）55.estradiol（雌二醇）56.progesterone（孕酮）57.pregnancy（怀孕）58.malatonin（褪黑素）59.puberty（青春期）60.circadian rhythms（昼夜节律）61. Parathyroid hormone（PTH）62. calcitonin（降血钙素）63.Cushings syndrome（库欣综合症）64.primary aldosteronism(原发性醛固酮增多症)65.pheochromocytoma（嗜铬细胞瘤）66.gigantism（巨人症）67.acromegaly（肢端肥大症）68.diabetes insipidus（尿崩症）69.hyperthyroidism（甲状腺功能亢进症）70.Gravesdisease 71.hyperparathyroidism（甲状旁腺功能亢进）72.hypoparathyroidism（甲状旁腺功能低下）73.hyperglycemia（高血糖）74.Addisons disease75.diab