S12-英语5-学生-非谓语之分词.doc

源于名校，成就所托非谓语之 现在分词 & 过去分词ReviewDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. instinctive B. sense C. typically D. exhibited E. save F. popularity G. deep H. connections I. emerged J. extensivelyA recently published study of online research habits, conducted by scholars from University College London, suggests that we may well be in the midst of a change in the way we read and think. The scholar found that people using the sites 1 “a form of skimming activity,” hopping from one source to another and rarely returning to any source theyd already visited. They 2 read no more than one or two pages of an article or book before they would move to another site. Sometimes theyd 3 a long article, but theres no evidence that they ever went back and actually read it.Thanks to the ubiquity (普遍存在) of text on the Internet, not to mention the 4 of text-messaging on cell phones, we may well be reading more today than we did in the 1970s or 1980s, when television was our medium of choice. But its a different kind of reading, and behind it lies a different kind of thinking perhaps even a new 5 of the self. “We are not only what we read,” says Maryanne Wolf, a developmental psychologist at Tufts University and the author of Proust and the Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain. “We are how we read.” Wolf worries that the style of reading promoted by the Net, a style that puts “efficiency” and “immediacy” above all else, may be weakening our capacity for the kind of 6 reading that 7 when an earlier technology, the printing press, made long and complex works of prose common. When we read online, she says, we tend to become “mere decoders of information.” Our ability to interpret text, to make the rich mental 8 that form when we read deeply and without distraction, remains largely disengaged. Reading, explains Wolf, is not a(n) 9 skill for human beings. Its not rooted in our genes the way speech is. We have to teach our minds how to translate the symbolic characters we see into the language we understand.Introduction 时态F 表示现在分词动作与谓语动作同时发生；或者紧接着发生Walking down the street, I ran into Mr. Zhang.Hearing the news, I jumped with joy.Switching off the lights, I turned over and buried my head in the pillow. Living in the country, we had few social engagements. F 表示现在分词动作先于谓语动作Having noted down our names and addresses, the policeman dismissed us.Having passed my driving test, I was able to buy my first car. 语态F being done 强调 动作正在进行中The house being built will be our office building.Being surrounded, the rebel troops were forced to surrender. F having been done 强调 分词动作先于谓语动作Having been criticized by the teacher, Tom gave up smoking.Not having been invited, he felt very unhappy. 句法功能F 作定语 分词短语作定语，位于被修饰词之后; 单个分词作定语，位于被修饰词之前. The man standing at the window is a renowned lawyer. Polluted air and water are harmful to peoples health. 现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行，或者经常性的动作。The gentleman sitting at the table is our principal.A rolling stone gathers no moss. (滚石不生苔；转行不聚财。) 分词的完成式不能用作定语。若表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作，用定语从句。如果是被动结构，直接用过去分词。The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.The thief who took her bag has been arrested.The Town Hall completed in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. Translation现在分词作前置定语 过去分词作前置定语 表示正在进行的主动动作 表示被动，且有时有已完成的含义 沸 水 boiling water 开（过的）水 boiled water 流 星 a falling star 有家具的房间 等待的人群 a waiting crowd 书面报告 日益增长的需求 必修课 永久和平 lasting peace 表示主动，且有完成的含义 表示主动但不正在进行 一位来客 an arrived visitor 剩下的岁月 remaining days 一名退休工人 窘境 an embarrassing position 一名归国留学生 returned students 指导原则 guiding principle 一艘沉船 a sunken ship 活字典 一片落叶 a fallen leave 邻国 neighboring country 预期的效果 劳累的一天 a tiring day 放松的环境 relaxed/relaxing environment 注意：当被修饰词是 glance, look, scream, expression时，用-ed形式修饰。A frightened glance 惊恐的扫视A worried look 愁容An excited scream 激动的尖叫声A puzzled/ embarrassed expression 困惑/尴尬的表情F 作表语 -ing形式表示主语的性质或特征；-ed形式表示主语所处的状态。The news is very inspiring.You shouldnt try to stand up if you are badly hurt. “变成”“保持”“感觉”等系动词后接-ing/ -ed, 构成主系表结构。look tempting/ promising remain standing/ listening appear disappointed/ amazed/ touched become annoyed/ interested/ acquaintedcome untied/ undone/unwrapped/ unfastenedfeel troubled/ distressed/ puzzled/ exhaustedgo unnoticed/ unpunished/ uncorrected/ undetected/ unrecorded grow used/ excited/ frightenedget absorbed/ caughtremain unfinished/ unconvinced/ unsolved F 作宾补 接 ing 作宾补的两类动词 感官类动词， 如see, hear, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen toDid you notice the man leaving the house?We saw the teacher making the experiment. 表示“发现”“闻到”“致使”的动词，如 discover, find, smell, catch, get, have, keep, leave, set, startI discovered Mr. Jack sitting near the fires, reading a book.The victory sent our spirits rising. 接 ed 作宾补的三类动词 表示感官和心理状态的动词，如 see, hear, find, feel, considerI considered this problem settled.We found her greatly changed. (强调动作的完成) 表示“奴役”“致使”的动词，如 get, have, keep, leave, make中译英：1. 老师提高嗓音，尽力让所有同学都听见她的声音。（make oneself done）The teacher raised her voice, trying to make herself heard.2. 请通知我最新的发展状况。（keep sb. informed）Please keep me informed of the latest developments.3. 她会把篱笆修理好的。（get sth. done）She will get the fence mended. 表示“要求”“希望”“命令”的动词，如 like, declare, order, want, wishHe declared the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games closed.The commander ordered the army unit (to be) reorganized. I dont want any of you (to be) involved in the scandal. F 作状语 -ing/ -ed作状语，可表示 时间when; 原因 as, since, because; 结果 so that; 条件 if, unless; 让步 though, even if等Hearing the news, they all danced for joy.Being a student, I must study hard.Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.Admitting what you say, I still think you are wrong. 分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。Entering the room, he found a letter on the desk. ()Entering the room, a letter was found on the desk. () 当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词必须有自己的主语。Time permitting, I will finish another lesson.Mother being ill, I have to stay home. 从属连词 + 非谓语形式 从属连词 + 不定式: as if, as though, whetherorHe raised his hand as if (he was going) to take of his hat.She doesnt know whether to cry or to laugh. 从属连词 + 现在分词: 时间：when, while, once 地点：where 条件： if，unless让步：although, even if 方式： as if When paying by cheque, always give your address.If arriving by coach, please let the secretary know.Although never having been there before, he found the house without any difficulty.Flowers danced in the gentle breeze as if giving encouragement to the people working in the fields. 从属连词 + 过去分词时间：when, while, once, as soon as, until 地点：where 条件： if，unless让步：although, even if, Whetheror 方式： as if Once published, the book caused a remarkable stir.The documents will be returned as soon as signed.Whether invited or not, I wont go. With/ without + 非谓语形式及非动词的情况 With + 名词/代词 + -ing/ -ed/ to + 句子 With + 名词/代词 + n./ adj. / adv./ 介词短语 + 句子英译中：1. With the authorities having arrived, the ceremony began. 2. With her skirt caught on a nail, she could not move.3. With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.4. The brave man fought the tiger with a stick his only weapon.5. Even with conditions quite unfavorable, he would succeed.6. With friends around, hell turns into heaven.7. Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 8. Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.9. The war was over without a shot being fired.10. They had passed without a single word spoken. Focused Practice1. Did the book give the information you needed?Yes. But _it, I had to read the entire book.A. to find B. finding C. having found D. find 2. Swine Flu (H1N1), first _ in Mexico in April 2009, has spread through many countries across the globe.A. appeared B. to appear C. appearing D. being appeared3. One of the most striking findings of a recent survey in the UK is that of the people _, one in two believes that the international influence of their nation is declining.A. to be interviewed B. interviewed C. interviewing D. having been interviewed 4. About 10 to 15 minutes _ outside in full sun will give a person enough sunshine vitamin.A. spending B. spent C. to be spent D. to spend 5. _ off her parents before, Jane began to worry about her life on campus in the new term.A. Having not lived B. Not to live C. Not having lived D. Not having been living 6. _ in a cheerful and relaxed atmosphere was what her parents wished for.A. Their daughter being brought up B. Their daughters being brought up C. Their daughters brought up D. Their daughter brought up7. A high-tech park is announced _ in this area, but when the project will be put into practice has not been scheduled.A. to have built B. to be built C. to have been built D. to build 8. _ from her colleagues teaching experience, the young teacher can give her lessons more convincingly now.A. Benefited B. Being benefited C. Having benefited D. Having been benefited 9. The immigrants had to pass a medical inspection _ to exclude the sick and the mentally ill.A. intended B. intending C. to intend D. being intended10. Astronomers have been struggling for decades _ why stars that shine peacefully for millions of years suddenly blow up.A. to understand B. understanding C. to have understood D. having understood11. Researchers have improved at least some of the tools _ to turn their dream into reality.A. needing B. need C. needed D. to need12. Doctors advise against _ a thermometer into the mouth of a child because it may hurt him or her.A. putting B. to put C. put D. to have put 13. The crop scientists found the varieties of wheat _ not only by the type of soil but also by the climate.A. restrict B. restricting C. restricted D. to restrict 14. An exhausted river could one day become no river at all, _ an once fertile field into a desert.15. There are so many details to be arranged. Take it easy. You neednt trouble _ the plan today.A. working out B. to work out C. in working out D. to have worked out 16. With new instruments, the space telescope can see more clearly than ever into dark corners of the universe, _ for clues to how stars and planets formed. A. search B. searching C. searched D. having searched17. Great advances in medicine may include cloning our body parts _, to replace the original ones when they stop working.A. while are healthy B. while healthyC. if they are healthy D. if healthy 18. When the world is trapped in an economic crisis and the threat of nuclear terrorism, people cant possibly afford _ saving nature.A. thinking about B. in thinking about C. to think about D. think about 19. Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean _ the action of the person who had offended you.A. to accept B. being accepted C. having accepted D. accepting 20. Storm chasing is so dangerous that some chasers are often hurt in accidents _ by driving in a heavy rain.A. having caused B. caused C. to be caused D. causing 21. _ from a black family, Alison admitted that her strength of ambition was fiercer than those of children from white middle-class families. A. Coming B. To come C. Having come D. Come 22. Green plants use light to turn carbon dioxide, _ from the atmosphere, and water into organic compounds, with oxygen as a by-product. A. absorb B. absorbing C. absorbed D. to absorb Home AssignmentI Translation.1. 正是司机开车时打电话造成了那场严重的交通事故。（occur）2. 无论是下雨还是晴天，许多90后的大学生志愿者始终坚守岗位。（stick）3. 美国许多大富翁都打算把几乎所有的财富都捐给社会。（donate）4. 当“嫦娥二号”发射时，大厅里每个人的眼睛都盯着屏幕，鸦雀无声。（fix）5. 当看到一个人成功时，许多人想到的是他多么幸运，而不是他为此付出了多少努力。（effort）II Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. build B. calmer C. plunging D. starting E. active F. absence G. effects H. significantly I. presence J. witnessingIf your cell phone suddenly stops working, dont blame the service provider. The malfunction might well have been caused by something bigger a solar system. Experts expect that the Earth will see more solar activity in the near future. The malfunction of electronic devices will just be one of the _1_.Sunspots serve as an indicator of the suns activity. For the past two years, sunspots have mostly been missing. Their _2_, the most prolonged in nearly 100 years, has taken even seasoned sun watchers by surprise. Were_3_something unlike anything weve seen in 100 years,” David Hathaway, of NASAs Marshall Space Flight Center, told Science Daily.Sunspots are windows into the suns magnetic soul. Any change in sunspot number reflects a change inside the sun. When sunspot numbers drop at the end of each 11-year cycle, solar storms die down and all becomes much _4_. This “solar minimum” doesnt last long. Within a year, the spots and storms begin to _5_ toward a new high point, the next solar maximum.Whats special about this latest dip is that the sun is having trouble _6_the next solar cycle. The sun began to calm down in late 2007, so no one expected many sunspots in 2008. But computer models predicted that when the spots did return, they would do so in force. Scientists are predicting that the next solar cycle could be the most _7_ on record: more sunspots, more solar storms and more energy burst into space.Since the Earth is in close contact with the sun, intensive solar activity can bring trouble to our life. What the sun will do next is beyond our ability to predict. Most astronomers think that the solar cycle will proceed, but at _8_depressed levels of activity. However, there is also evidence that the sun is losing its ability to produce sunspots. By 2015, they could be gone altogether, _9_ us into a new minimum a Little Ice Age. III. Reading Comprehension.Section A ClozeAesthetic（审美的）thought of a distinctively modern art emerged during the 18th century. The western philosophers and critics of this time devoted much attention to such matters as natural beauty, the sublime, and representationa trend _1_ the central position they had given to the philosophy of nature. _2_ that time, however, the philosophy of art has become ever more famous and has begun to_3_ the philosophy of nature. Various issues_4_to the philosophy of nature have had a(n) _5_ impact on the orientation of 20th-century aesthetics. Foremost among these are problems relating to the theory of art as form and_6_ the distinction between representation and expression. Still another far-reaching question has to do with the value of art. Two _7_ theoretical positions have taken on this issue: one holds that art and its appreciation are a means to some recognized moral good, _8_ the other maintains that art is intrinsically (固有的) valuable and is an end in itself. Underlying this whole issue is the concept of taste, one of the basic concerns of aesthetics. In recent years there has also been an increasing preoccupation with art as the prime object of critical judgment. Corresponding to the trend in contemporary aesthetic thought, _9_have followed either of the two approaches. In one, criticism is _10_ to the analysis and interpretation of the work of art. _11_, it is devoted to expressing the response to the aesthetic object and to justifying a particular way of perceiving it.Over the years, aesthetics has developed into a broad _12_ of knowledge and inquiry. The _13_ of contemporary aesthetics include such problems as the nature of style and its aesthetic significance; the relation of aesthetic judgment to _14_; the viability (可行性) of a history of art; the significance of Freudian psychology and other forms of psychological study to criticism; and the place of aesthetic judgment in _15_ reasoning in the conduct of everyday affairs.1. A. making B. applying C. taking D. reflecting2. A. Before B. Over C. Since D. From3. A. transplant B. transfer C. support D. replace4. A. chief B. central C. main D. prime5. A. remarked B. marked C. considered D. refused 6. A. to B. for C. of D. on7. A. opposite B. similar C. same D. opposed8. A. and B. or C. though D. while9. A. arti