(外研版)初中英语笔记初二(上).doc

（外研版）初中英语笔记初二 （上） Module 1 how to learn English 1. Why dont (you) do 是用来表示提出某种建议。如： -Why dont we drive to the park? -OK. /All right. /Thats a good idea. 当我们提建议时，还可以使用其他句型： Why not take a walk in the park? What /How about going to Europe for a holiday?2. else“其他”，一般用在疑问词或某些代词之后，如： Who else did you see at the meeting? Does anyone else want to read this book?3. Its a good idea to do “做是个好主意”4. paper, advice作不可数名词，表达“一张纸”、“一条建议”可用a piece of paper和a piece of advice。 几张或几条则用：基数词+pieces of5. try (not) to do“尝试（不）做” You should try to eat more fruit.6. remember to do sth. 记得做某事 Remember to bring something to drink.7. forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 I forget to call him.8. ask sb.（not） to do sth. 要求某人（不）做某事。 The teacher asked us to come to school on time.9. enjoy oneself =have a good time =have fun 玩得愉快 Module 2 experiences1. 现在完成时：have/ has+动词的过去分词 用于表示在以前的某个时间曾经做过的、发生的事情，这种行为对目前有某种影响; 还可以表示到目前为止曾经经历或没经历的事情; 要表达某一行为或某一状态从过去某一时间一直持续到现在，也可用现在完成时表示。如： I have seen the film. I dont want to see it again. I have never visited the USA. I have lived in Beijing for 10 years. 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语： yet, never, ever（用于疑问句或否定句中）； already, just, recently (用于肯定句中)。 Theyre just heard a message from a spaceraft. 对一段时间的提问：how long 回答：since+时间点或for+一段时间 -How long have you lived in Beijing ? -Since 2008./ For four years. 在现在完成时中，点动词（非延续性动词）一般不与表示延续的时间状语连用。非延续性动词延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词come backbe backleavebe awaybuyhavelearnknowborrowkeepput onweardiebe deadmarrybe marry I borrowed the book three weeks ago.改为： I have kept the book for three weeks.点动词的谓语动词是否定形式，则可与表示一段时间的for短语连用。如： My parents havent seen me for two years. 过去分词的变化形式大部分与动词的过去式形式相同，但不规则动词的变化无规律，如： see sawseen, sendsentsent, be was/werebeen, breakbrokebroken, keep keptkept, have/hashadhad, buy boughtbought, makemademade, go wentgone, do diddone.2. have been in “一直呆在某个地方”，与时间状语连用。 They have been in Beijing for two weeks. have been to “去过某地，已经回来”。 -Have you ever been to London? -Yes, I have./ No, I havent.has gone to “去了某地，还没回来”，常用于第三人称。 My father has gone to Wuhan, and hell be back this weekend. Module 3 journey to space无 Module 4 education1. get on (well) with sb./sth. “和相处(融洽)”或“进展（好）”。 He doesnt get on well with his parents.2. eight-year-old为合成形容词，一般要用连字符连接起来，而且，year也不用复数形式。如： an 80-page book 一本80页的书 a three-room apartment 三室的套房 3. with the help of表示“在的帮助下；借助于”。如： They worked out the maths problem with the help of the teacher.4. because “因为”，后接从句； because of “因为”，后接名词或名词短语。 He didnt go to the park because it rained. He didnt go to the park because of the rain.5. look after=take care of “照顾”Who will look after the baby?6. pay for “支付”7. borrow from “从借来”；len Module 5 western music1. 反意疑问句：助动词/系动词be+主语（代词） 它的构成是前肯后否，前否后肯。 -You arent a teacher, are you? 你不是老师吧？ -Oh yes, I am a teacher.不，我是老师。 -He didnt come to the meeting, did he？他没来开会，是吧？ -No, he didnt.对，他没来。 陈述句部分有否定意义的词，反意疑问句要用肯定式。如： never, no one, few, little, hardly, nothing2.“使某人怎么样”： make sb. do sth. make sb. +形容词 Sad films always make me cry. His waltzs made him famous all over Europe.3. not onlybut also“不仅而且” She not only sang, but also danced. Module 6 a famous story1. 过去进行时：was/were+v.-ing 一般来说，表示在过去某一时间正在发生的动作，都可以用过去进行时。如： I didnt hear the phone. My father was watching TV then. 常与过去进行时连用的时间状语： at the time, at five yesterday, then, at this time yesterday, last night, the whole morning 2. what for?=why? 为什么。如： What do we go to school for? Why do we go to school?3. be doing when 表示一个动作在进行，另一个动作又发生了。如： They were working in the fields when it began to rain.4. in the tree 表示人、鸟等外来物在树上； on the tree 表示花、果实长在树上。5. smile at 对微笑。6. get +形容词：“变得” The weather is getting cold.7. 复合不定代词：something, nothing, everything, anything 如果形容词修饰这些复合不定代词，形容词置于后面。如：nothing strange8. 动词不定式to do作后置定语时，可修饰复合不定代词。 如：nothing to do9. see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事(习惯性或经常性) see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事(正在做) 如: I saw she enter the house. I saw he playing basketball. (类似的有hear, feel, watch, notice.)10. go across=cross “穿过”，强调穿过某一平面（田野、桥等）。 through 从某一空间内穿过。（门gate、深林forest） past 从某事物的一旁经过 over从平面的一边到另一边或越过某个高度 along/ down 表示沿着（街道、河流等）11. not until 直到才12. too many+可数名词 “太多”，too many people too much +不可数名词 “太多”，too much music much too+形容词 “太” much too hot13. have to do sth. 必须做某事 I had to stay at home to look after her.14. too to /enough to “太而不能” The boy is too young to go to school. The boy isnt old enough to go school. Module 7 feeling and impressions1. 表感觉和知觉的系动词：feel, look, touch, smell, sound, taste 后接形容词。 Does the party sound noisy? The cake doesnt taste delicious. He looks angry. The shirt feels soft.2. hear from 收到的来信。宾语为人 We havent heard from her for ages. How we miss her. “收到的来信”还可这样表达：get/receive a letter form sb. hear of /hear about 听说；听到3. What does sb. look like? 询问外貌4. be afraid +从句 “害怕” Im afraid that you cant go with me. be afraid to do sth. “害怕做某事”(没有勇气，不敢做) He was afraid to go out alone at night. be afraid of doing“害怕做某事”(害怕某事发生在自己头上，有可能发生，也有可能不发生) He is afraid of falling into the river. be afraid of sb./ sth. 害怕某人某事。 Im not afraid of you.5. be proud of 为而自豪 Her parents are proud of her. be proud to do 为做某事而感到自豪6. be / get angry with sb. 生某人的气 I got angry with myself.7. agree with sb./sth. 赞同某人某事8. cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待地想做某事 The fans cant wait to see their favorite pop star.9.“ 也”。 too 用于口语（肯定句中），置于句末，用“，”隔开。 Nice to meet you, too. either 用于否定句中。 She cant speak Chinese and her husband cant, either. also 用于实义动词之前，系动词、情态动词、助动词之后。 He is also a singer. as well 用于肯定句句末。 She can dance and she can sing as well.10. arent being are being 不是而是 They arent being friendly they are polite.11. thanks /thank you for +n./ v-ing. 感谢. Thank you for lovely present. Thank you for coming.12. a bit 与 a little “有点” 同：a bit/ a little +adj./adv. 异：a little+ 不可数名词： a little milk a bit of+不可数名词： a bit of milkModule 8 around town1. 方位表达方式，常用的方位介词： on the left/ right 在左边/右边 next to 与紧挨着 opposite 在对面 on the corner of 在拐角处 between and 在和之间 in the middle of 在中间 crossing 十字路口例句： The bank is next to the market. The supermarket is opposite the restaurant. Take the third turning on the left.Module 9 animals in danger1. 动词不定式：（可作主语、宾语、补语、表语、状语、定语） 结构为“(not) to+动词原形”（有时可不带to）。 To see is to believe./ It is a good idea to bring your camera. I want to have a drink. She told me to buy a ticket. Our duty today is clean the floor. He got up early to catch the first bus. I have a lot of homework to do.2. 常见的动词不定式的语用功能： 后接to+动词原形作宾语的有：want，hope, plan, decide, try, agree, offer, like, love多表示将来的行为。如; I tried to understand the words,. it is to do sth. 做某事怎么样 Its good to get up early in the morning. sb. be +形容词+to do 表示某人对某件事情的态度。 I was surprised to hear that news. sth. be +形容词+to do表某一事物的某种属性。 These apples are not good to eat. .3. in danger 处于险境；处于危险之中 The girl is very ill and her life is in danger.4. take away 把带走；减去 If you take 4 away from 12, you get 8.5. live on 以为生；（靠吃）维持生命。 Sheep live on grass.6. a long way to go 路还很长；还需要努力。 Ive got the first prize. But I know Ive got a long way to go.7. 比较级+and+比较级: 越来越 longer and longer8. enough做形容词，“充足的；足够的”，在句中做定语或表语,做定语时放在修饰词之前。 We have enough time to finish the work. enough做副词时，修饰形容词、副词或动词，放在修饰词之后。 Are you warm enough in such a light jacket?9. such as与for example “例如”，前者用于举多个例子，无逗号隔开。如： Many animals in danger such as tigers, whales, turtles.Module 10 Lao She Teahouse1. 双宾语：“动词+人+物”或“动词+物+to/for+人”， 其中，人称为间接宾语，物为直接宾语。如： My brother bought me some storybooks. My brother bought some storybooks for me. 常见的接双宾语的动词：give，bring, lend, send, show, leave, buy, tell, teach, sell for表示“为某人”；如： buy sb. sth. =buy sth. for sb. cook sb. sth. =cook sth. for sb. read sb. sth. =read sth. for sb. . to表示“给某人”；如： give sb. sth. =give sth. to sb.(其他bring，lend，hand，send，show，leave，teach，sell, offer)2. introduce sb. / sth. to sb. 向某人介绍 Can you introduce yourself to us in English?3. take place 发生4. give a welcome 欢迎Module 11 the weather1. 情态动词may/might：表示一般将来的可能性，might的可能性比may的可能性小。如： Bring your swimsuit because you might want to swim in the sea.