英语情态动词语法精讲精练.doc

语法专题六：情态动词一、综述时态往往和语态在出题方面结合比较紧密，而情态动词和虚拟语气也有类似之处。情态动词有一定到意义，但不能独立作谓语，往往和后面到动词原形一起构成谓语部分，在不同到语境中表达不同到情感和语气，从而突出语言在交流中到作用和魅力。情态动词在高考中所占的比分也比较大，往往出现在单选，完形以及改错题中，情态动词是每年高考必出到考点之一。所以，我们需要很好到掌握这方面到语法常识。学习中，我们就结合历年的高考趋势和方向来学习和掌握情态动词在英语中到应用。二、分类一）can, cant, could, couldnt; be able to 二）should, shouldnt; must, mustnt; have to, dont have to; ought to, ought not to三）need（也可作实意动词）, neednt; dare(也可作实意动词); shall（也可作助动词）; will（也可作助动词）, would四） must / may / might / could + have + done 表示“本-而实际上没有”。三、高考试题引入： 1. Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere.Well，hehave gone farhis coats still here.A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt答案 C2. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. WhereI have put it?A. can B. must C. should D. would答案 A3. She looks very happy. Shehave passed the exam.I guess so. Its not difficult after all.A. should B. could C. mustD. might答案 C4. May I smoke here? If you，choose a seat in the smoking section.A. shouldB. could C. may D. must答案 D解析 由本题语境可知，空白处应表示“非得”之意，故须用must。5. Helengo on the trip with us，but she isnt quite sure yet.A. shallB. mustC. mayD. can答案 C6. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could 四、情态动词详细归纳： 一）can、could与be able to 1. 表示能力 e.g. 我们当中的大部分人都会电脑，但是去年我还不会用。 Most of us can use the computer now, but I couldnt use it last year. e.g. 他没能爬上山顶。 He was not able to climb up on the top of the mountain. e.g. He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2. 表示客观的可能性 e.g. 有时候焦作的气温可能会交到零下10度。 Sometimes the temperature in Jiaozuo can fall to ten degrees below freezing. e.g. 焦作有时容易刮风，尤其在春季。 It can be quite windy in Jiaozuo, especially in spring. 3. 表示推测。表示推测时，一般不用于肯定句中，多用于否定句和疑问句中。 e.g. 他不可能是我们的班主任，因为他已经去郑州开会了。 He cant be our head teacher as he has gone to Zhengzhou for a meeting. 对比： e.g. He may not our head teacher as he said he has gone to Zhengzhou for a meeting. 他可能不是我们的班主任，因为他说他已经去郑州开会了。 e.g. He may well not our head teacher as he said he has gone to Zhengou for a meeting. 他很可能不是我们的班主任，因为他说他已经去郑州开会去了。 总结：cant 不可能（语气最肯定）；well may not 很可能不（语气比较肯定）；may not可能不（语气最不肯定） 4. 表示惊异或怀疑，常用语疑问语气。 e.g. 那怎么会是真的呢？ How can it be true？ e.g. 这到底是什么意思？ What on earth can this mean? 5. 表示请求，口语中常常用could 代替can 语气更委婉。 e.g. -Can I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. e.g. - Could I come to see you tomorrow? - Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. ) e.g. 要钱你能在等几天吗？ Could you wait a few days for the money? e.g. 明天早上8点你能到这里来吗？ Could you be here at eight oclock tomorrow morning? 6. 在将来时和完成时中只能用be able to e.g. 我确信我很快就能得到那份工作。 I am sure I will be able to get this job soon. e.g. 他们已经能够按时完成任务了。 They have been able to finish the work on time. 7. 表示经过努力而成功地办到某事，用be able to 不用 can 或could. 这里be able to 相当于：succeed in 或 manage to e.g. 经过几年的努力，他终于通过了考试。 After years of hard work he was able to pass the final exam. 8. 表示一次性的事情，多用be able to, be able to 一般不表示经常性的事件。 e.g. 学完这个公式后，你就能够解出这道数学题了 After studying this formula you will be able to solve the math problem. 9. cant wait 表示“急于做某事” 相当于 be eager to - e.g. I cant wait to read this story book. 我非常渴望读这本故事书。 e.g. I couldnt wait to see her. 我渴望见到她。 10. can not - too- 表示“再-也不为过”；“越- 越好”。 类似的用法还有：can never -too-; can not - enough; can never - enough. e.g. 我们做实验时越细心越好。 We can not be too careful in doing experiments. e.g. 饮用水越干净越好。 Drinking water can never be clean enough. e.g. 我认为一个人的知识越多越好。 I think it right that one can not learn too much knowledge. e.g. 我们无论怎么表扬他也不过分。 We can not praise him too much. 二）、 may 与might 1. 表示“允许”；“可以” e.g. - May I ask you a question? - Yes, please. e.g. - May I watch TV after supper? - Yes, you may. (or No, youd better not.) e.g. Might I use your telephone? (比用may语气更婉转) 2. 表示可能性的推测 含有“或许、大概或可能”的意思（多用于肯定句中）. 用might 代替may 时，语气将显得更加不肯定。 e.g. 我听说可能还留有几本书。 I hear there may be a few books left. e.g. 他明天或许会来。 He might come tomorrow. 3. 表示期望或祝愿 e.g. May you succeed! 祝你成功！ e.g. 但愿你有更多像今天这么愉快的日子。 May you have more days as happy as this one! 三）、must 与have to 1. must 表示“必须、应该”。强调主观看法，只有现在时。其否定形式为:must not (mustnt)。以must 开头的疑问句，其否定回答用neednt 或 dont have to。 e.g. I must learn another language. (主观想法： I want to -) e.g. I have to learn another language. (客观所需，如：作为一个外交官) e.g. 你不许在这里抽烟！ You must not smoke here! e.g. - Must I do it at once? - No, you neednt. (- Yes, you must.) e.g. The play isnt interesting, I really must go now. e.g. I had to work when I was your age. 2. must 表示必然的结果。 e.g.人固有一死。 All men must die. e.g. 如果你不快点，你肯定会错过火车的。 If you dont hurry, you must miss the train. 3. must 表示肯定推测, 多用于：must be 和 must have done短语中。 e.g. Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. e.g. 长途步行之后你一定是饿了You must be hungry after your long walk. e.g. 你准是把你的包丢在图书馆了。 You must have left your bag in the library 4. must 在反义疑问句中的用法： 1）must 作“必须”解时，反义疑问句任用must。 e.g. 所有的孩子必须尊敬父母，不是吗？ All the children must respect their parents, mustnt they? 2) must 表示“有必要”的含义时，反义疑问句用neednt。 e.g. We must tell her the news, neednt we? 3）must be 表示“推测”时，反义疑问句用be 的适当形式。 e.g. He must be thirsty, isnt he? 4) must have done 表示“推测”时，用have 的适当形式。 e.g. He must have finished the work, hasnt he? 5. must 还可以表示“非要-”；“非得-”；“硬要-”；“偏偏-”之意，表示个人的主张。 e.g. If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops. 如果你非要走的话，至少也得等到雨停了吧。 e.g. 正忙的时候，机器偏偏出毛病了。 The machine must beak down at this busy hour. 6. have to 一般表示客观原因所引起的“不得不-；必须-”。其后面接动词原形，但是have to 有人称，单复数及时态的变化。单三形式为has to; 过去式had to. e.g. We have to clean our classroom this afternoon. e.g. Mr Green has to work on the farm all day. e.g. He had to look after his younger sister yesterday. 四）、 should 与ought to 1. should 作为情态动词和ought to 在词义上很接近，但should 侧重于主观上的“应该”；而ought to 侧重于客观上的“应该”。 e.g. 明天你应该去到医院看看你母亲。 You ought to go and see your mother in the hospital tomorrow。 e.g. 我认为你应该告诉你妈妈那个好消息。 I think you should tell your mother the good news. 2. should 可以表示语气较强的假设，意思是“万一”。此时也可以将should 至于句首，表示虚拟语气。 e.g. If anyone should come, say I am not at home. = Should anyone come, say I am not at home. 万一有人来访，就说我不在家。 e.g. If it should rain tomorrow, I wouldnt go. = Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldnt go. 万一明天下雨，我就不去了。 3. should 可以用来表示“意外、惊喜、不可思议”的事情，尤其在以why , who, how等开头的疑问句中，常常表示“竟然会”。 e.g. How should you be so late today? 你今天竟然来得这么晚。 e.g. It is strange that the wheel should turn so fast. 真奇怪，这个轮子竟然转的这么快。 4. ought to 用于第一人称，表示有责任、有义务或有必要做某事。 e.g. 我们应该尊敬父母。 We ought to respect our parents. e.g. 我们应该认真地完成作业。 We ought to finish the homework carefully. 5. 用于第二、三人称，表示建议或劝告。 e.g. 你应该听王老师的话才对。 You ought to follow Mr. Wangs advice. 6. 表示对现在或将来某种可能性的推测， e.g. 亨利应该很快就到了，他6点就从家出来了。 Henry ought to be here soon, because he left home at six. 注意：ought to 没有人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形，可以表示现在、过去以及将来，对时态的表示可以通过时间状语或上下文体现出来。ought to 的否定形式为ought not to; 疑问式需要将ought 提到句首即可。 e.g. 他不应该做这件事。 He ought not to do it. e.g. 我们应该立即做这件事吗？ Ought we to do it at once? 五）、need 与 dare need 与dare 两个词既可以用作情态动词也可以用作实义动词。1. 情态动词的need 与dare 用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。其形式和其他情态动词一样，没有人称和数的变化； e.g. He dare not tell me the bad news他不敢诉我那个坏消息。 e.g. 他问我是否敢一个人独自去那里。 He asked me if I dare go there alone. e.g. 她怎么敢做这样的事情呢？ How dare she do such a thing? e.g. you neednt tell him the bad news. e.g. Need he do the homework immediately? 2. 实义动词dare有各种时态形式的变化，第三人称单数现在时要加s，可以和带to或不带to的不定式连用。 e.g. 我敢从我们的教学楼顶跳下来。 I dare to jump down from the top of our teaching building. e.g. He doesnt dare（to）tell her the bad news他不敢告诉她那个坏消息。 e.g. Sheliedonthebed,notdaringtomakeanoise.3. 实义动词need有各种时态形式的变化，第三人称单数现在时要加s, 常用于：need sth或need to do sth 或need sth to be done 或者need sth doing 后两者的主语一般都是物。 e.g. 我需要一本词典，因此我要去趟书店。 I need a dictionary, so I need to go to the bookstore. e.g. We need to tell him the truth我们需要告诉他真相。 e.g. My car needs repairing我的汽车需要修理。 4. dare not和 do not dare to同义，都表示“不敢”之意，前者是书面用语，后者是口头用语。在现代英语中，缩略后一般都用He doesnt dare to go的句式，而不用 He darent go的句型 e.g. 5. didnt need to 与 neednt have done didnt need to 表示没有必要做（实际上也没有作）；neednt have done 表示本没有必要做，而实际上做过了。 e.g. They didnt need to come here. 他们不必来这里。（实际也没有来） e.g. They neednt have come here. 他们本没有必要来。（实际上已经来了） e.g. You _ such a long essay, the teacher only asked for 300 words, but you have written 600 words. A. mustnt have written B. neednt have written C. didnt have to write D. didnt need to write 六）、shall, will 与would 1. shall有“应该”；“必须”；“可以”可以表示说话人的“意志、警告、命令、允许”等语气， e.g. You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告) e.g. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺) e.g. Shall we start the meeting now. 2. shall 还可以表示决心或决定。 e.g. I shall go there along 我决定要自己去那里。 3. will 和would 可以表示“意愿”、“愿意”或“决心”。 e.g. I will do my best to help you. e.g. They said that they would help us. e.g. I will never do that again. 4. 表示估计和猜想。 e.g. It would be about ten oclock when she left home. 5. 表示向对方提出委婉的请求时，用would要比will 在语气上显得婉转。 e.g. Will you please tell me the way to the station? (语气不婉转) e.g. Would you please tell me the way to the station?（语气比较婉转） e.g. Would you mind telling me the way to the station?（语气最婉转） 6. will 和would 还可以表示性惯性的动作或行为，意思为“总是” e.g. He will talk for hours if you give him the chance. e.g. Everyday she would get up at six oclock. e.g. The peasants _ often work by the light of the moon at night when I was in the countryside. A. used to B. would C. will D. shall 七）、情态动词+have done 结构的用法 1. can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”，是虚拟语气；在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。e.g. You could have done better, but you didnt try your best. （虚拟语气）e.g. He cant have finished his homework.（推测）e.g. Can he have got the book?（推测）2. may / might +have done 表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中，没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。e.g. He may not have finished the work . e.g. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.3. must + have done 用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can，cant代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。e.g. You must have seen the film Titanic.e.g. He must have been to Shanghai.4. should + have done 用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测, 本应该-而实际上没有。其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式（have done）互换。e.g. He should have finished the work by now。e.g. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didnt.)e.g. She shouldnt have taken away my dictionary, for I wanted to use it.5. neednt + have done 表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。e.g. You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.6. will + have done 主要用于第二、三人称，表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。e.g. He will have arrived by now.情态动词巩固练习（一）1. Theres no light on - they _ be at home. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 2. We hope that as many people as possible _ join us for the picnic tomorrow. A. need B. must C. should D. can 3. - Whats the name? - Khulaifi. _ I spell that for you? A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might 4. We _ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. A. neednt B. may not C. shouldnt D. mustnt 5. Black holes _ mot be seen directly, so determining the number of them is a tough task. A. can B. should C. must D. need 6. - I think Ill give Bob a ring. - You _. You havent been in touch with him for ages. A. will B. may C. have to D. should7. - Could I have a work with you, mum? - Oh dear, if you _. A. can B. must C. may D. should 8. If it were not for the fact that she _ sing, I would invite her to the party. A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. night not 9. Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours. A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must 10. - Must he come to sign this paper himself? - Yes, he _. A. need B. must C. may D. will 11. - My I some here? - If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. must 12. Tom, you _ leave all your clothes on the floor like this! A. wouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not 13. John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour? A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need14. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant 15. I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt 情态动词巩固练习（二）1. There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt 2. This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it. A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put 3. - The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wile animals for 13 years before she returned. - Oh, dear! She _ a lot of difficulties! A. may go through B. might go through C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through 4. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _ be very slow. A. should B. must C. will D. can 5. - Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. - Thanks. You _it. I could mange it myself. A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done6. - Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. - Well. He _ have gone far - his coats still here. A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt 7. - Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. - She _. Ive already borrow one. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 8. - Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. - It _ Harrys. he always wears green. A. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be 9. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour. A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done 10. He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. A. could B. would C. must D. need 11. Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can 12. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police? A. should B. may C. will D. can 13. You _ be tired - youve only been working for an hour. A. must not B. wont C. cant D. may not 14. - Who is the girl standing over there? - Well, if you _ know, her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall 15. - Mum, Ive been studying English since 8 oclock. _ I go out and play with Tom for a while? - No, Im afraid not. Besides, its raining outside now. A. Cant B. Wouldnt C. May not D. Wont 高考链接-2007 年高考情态动词试题汇总1. (2007全国卷) - Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? - It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. A. will B. would C. should D. must 2. (2007北京卷) In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you _take care of your luggage. A. can B. may C. must D. will3. (2007上海卷) - Guess what ! I have got A for my term paper. - Great! You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it. A. must B. should C. must have D. should have 4. (2007辽宁卷) - Turn off the TV, jack. _ your homework now? - Mum, just ten more minutes, please. A. Should you be doing B. Shouldnt you be doing C. Couldnt you be doing D. Will you be doing 5. (2007 江苏卷) - She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. - I guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might 6. (2007浙江卷) - My cats really fat. - You _ hav