定语从句笔记整理.doc

定语从句一、关系代词1. that既可指人又可指物,在从句中作主语宾语2.which 只指物,在从句中作主语或宾语.3.who/whom 只指人,who在从句中作主语或宾语,而whom只作宾语.4.whose是代词的所有格,既可代人也可代物Eg 1.The letter that/which I received was from my father. 2.The doctor whom /who /that you are looking for is in the room. 3.Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu. 4.The book whose cover is red is my English book.注：一、关系代词指物时只用that不用which的情况1.先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything , little , much 等不定代词时.Eg Tell me everything that you know2.先行词被very , both , the only , all , no , every , any , little , much , some修饰时.Eg This is the only book that I have.3.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时Eg This is the most beautiful city that I have visited.4.先行词被序数词修饰时Eg This is the last lesson that we have this term.5.先行词既包括人又包括物Eg They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.6.主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时Eg Which is the coat that you like best?Who is the man that was talking to you?7. that 常用作表语Eg China is not the country that it used to be.He is not that man that he was.8.有两个定从，其中一个已用which另一个用that.Eg Edison build a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.二、适宜用which的情况1.在从句中作介词的宾语,当介词提前时,只用which,代词在句尾时两者皆可.Eg He found that which he had been looking forThis is the question that/which we have had so much discussion about.This is the question about which weve had so much discussion.The chair (which/that) she is sitting on is made of wood.The chair on which she issitting is made of wood.2.在非限定性定语从句中必用which不能用thatThey have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.I said nothing,which made him angry.三、下列情况中多用who Eg One who has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. Anyone who fails to finish the task should be criticized. There is an old man who wants to see you. The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies veryhard.二、关系副词1、where Eg 1、This is the school. I used to teach at the school.This is the school where/at whichI used to teach.2、Whats the name of the town? We stayed in the town last night.Whats the name of the town where / in which we stayed last night? 3、This is the house where I was born. This is the house which/that I was born in. This is the house in which I was born.2、whenEg 1、Tell me the time. The train leaves at that time.Tell me the time when / at which the train leaves.2、July is coming soon. We can go home for a rest in July.July, when / in which we can go home for a rest, is coming soon. 3、Ill never forget the day. I reached the top of Mount Tai on that day.Ill never forget the day when / on which I reached top of Mount Tai.4、You will have some spare time. You can learn French at home during this time.You will have some spare time when / during which you can learn French at home.3、whyEg I dont know the reason. He left here for the reason.I dont know the reason why/ for which he left here.注: The reason why he was late was that her child was ill in hospital.The reason which she gave me was that her child was ill in hospital. 4、由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句。As一般放在句首，which在句中。常译作“正如”Eg As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. She was very careful, as/ which her work shows. *as anybody can see， “正如人人都看到的那样”as we all know / as is well-known， “众所周知”as we had expected， “正如我们所预料的那样”as often happens， “正如经常发生的那样”as has been said before， “如上所述”注: As is well known, the sun rises in the east.It is well known that the sun rises in the