延续性动词与非延续性动词.doc

动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。 一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。 例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year? 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 oclock; 例:He died 5 years ago. 否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I havent left here for 3 years. I havent heard from him for 3 weeks. 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换leave - be away, borrow - keep, buy - have, begin/start - be on, die - be dead, finish - be over, join - be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth - keep sth open, fall ill - be ill, get up-be up, catch a cold - have a cold, come here - be here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, fall asleep - be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach - be (in), leave - be away from, get to know - know, go (get) out be out， put on wear；catch a cold have a cold等。 例:The old man died 4 years ago. -The old man has been dead for 4 years. - It is 4 years since the old man died. -Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. - I have had the book for 5 days. 编辑本段动词相关分类延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。 一、延续性动词延续性动词表示的动作不但可以延续，而且可以产生持久的影响。常见的这类动词有：be，have，keep，know，learn，lie，live，read，sing，sleep，stand，stay，wait，walk，watch等。延续性动词的用法很广，但常见于现在完成时中的句子中，且常与for，how，long，since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。 举例1I have learned more than 1，000 Chinese words since I came to China 自从来到中国，我已经学会了l，000多个汉字。 2We have lived in Linqing since we came here自从来到这儿，我们就一直住在临清。 3I have kept the picture for about three years这张画我保存了大约三年。 延续性动词又称持续性动词，它所表示的是一种持续的动作。 延续性动词可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,而非延续性动词不行 (1) How long have you had it? 这辆车你买了多久了？ 说明 在英语中，非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。所以我们不说“How long have you bought it?”因为how long 是“多久”的意思，而buy是非延续性动词，二者 不相配。常用的非延续性动词有：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry, start, stop等。为了表达这种意思，我们常用 相应的延续性动词 have,keep 或短语 “be+名词，形容词，位置副词，介词短语” 来代替非 延续动词。如：become-be, begin-have/ be on, borrow-keep, buy-have, come- be here/there/in, die-be dead, finish-be over, join-be in, leave-be away等。 例如：His father has been dead for one year.(不能用die) 他父亲死了一年了。 My brother has been in the army for two years.(不能用join) 我哥哥参军两年了。 I have kept the book for two weeks. (不能用borrow) 我借这本书两个星期了。 二、非延续性动词可用与现在完成时态,但由于动作是瞬时间完成的所以不能与for或since引出的时间状语连用.英语中常见的非延续性动词在完成时态中可改为相应的表示延续性的动词或短语,这时可与表示一段时间的的状语连用. 举例He has been a Party member for two years. 他已经入党两年了 He has joined the Party for two years. (错误）由于动作是瞬时间完成的所以不能与for或since引出的时间状语连用 他已经入党两年了 Which one is correc