牛津英语8Bunit3重点短语2.doc

牛津英语8Bunit3重点短语、语法 1、online travel 在线旅游 2、I have no idea 我不知道3、look like a television 看起来像电视机 4、agree with sb 同意某人的意见5、agree on sth 同意某事 6、remote control 遥控器7、turn on / turn off 开/关（电器按钮） 8、change the channel 换频道9、different uses of computers 电脑的不同用途 10、search for information 查找信息11、send and receive e-mails 收发电子邮件 12、word processing 文字处理 13、write computer programs 编写电脑程序 14、come out 出版、发行15、at the same time 同时 16、the main character of 的主人公17、lie on the grass 躺在草地上 18、fall asleep 入睡 、睡着 19、have a very strange dream 做了非常奇怪的梦 20、see a golden cloud 看到一朵金色的云朵21、look at the beautiful blue sky 看着美丽的蓝天 22、get a point 获得一分23、those big clouds of different colours 那些不同颜色的大云朵 24、get enough points 获得足够的分数25、answer a question correctly 正确回答问题 26、carry sb off to 带某人离开去27、play the role of 扮演角色 28、have eight levels 有八级29、by testing your knowledge of English grammar 通过测试你的英语语法知识的方式30、see a lot of useful information about 看到许多有关的有用信息31、on your screen 在你的屏幕上 32、for example 例如33、pass a level 通过一关 34、be marked in bright purple 被用亮紫色标出35、sell out 销售光 36、choose one icon in the mene 在菜单上选择一个图标37、an educational CD-ROM 一张教育光盘 38、click on the icon for more details 点击图标获取更多详情39、be used widely 被广泛使用 40、my new e-dictionary 我的新电子字典41、close all the windows 关闭所有的窗口 42、restart the computer 重启电脑43、check the settings 检查设置 44、connect the keyboard to the computer properly 将键盘正确连接电脑45、double-click on the arto-run 在自动运行图标上双击 46、grow to six feet long 长到六尺长47、cut short 剪短 48、grow an inch 长一英寸49、a total of ten questions 总共十个问题 50、go to higher levels 到达更高的级别51、daily English 日常英语 52、a new English course 一门新的英语课程53、short online tours 短程在线旅游 54、go on short tours 进行短程旅行55、listen to people talking 倾听人们的心声 56、listen to an interview on the radio 收听电台采访57、be covered in 被包含 58、order a package online 在网上订购一套59、mind doiing sth 介意做某事 60、appear on the screen 出现在屏幕上61、the history of computers 电脑的历史 62、open the treasure box 打开宝藏盒63、the goal of the game 游戏的目的 64、keep the file for future use 保存文档便于将来使用65、be set in different countries 场景被设置在不同的国家66、learn the history of each place 学习每一个地方的历史67、use this set of keys for typing 用这套键打字被动语态的用法英语中及物动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。一、 被动语态的用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned every day. Knives are used for cutting things.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year.3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages.4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often.The door may be locked inside.6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.My bike is being repaired by Tom now.They are planting trees over there. Trees are being planted over there by them.7. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：was / were + being + 及物动词的过去分词The factory was built the year before last.8. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted.二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：1. 先找出谓语动词； 2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语； 4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。例：1.Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week.2.Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.3. He has written two novels so far.Two novels have been written by him so far.4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.5. Lucy is writing a letter now.A letter is being written by Lucy now.6. You must lock the door when you leave.the door must be locked when you leave.三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，但变间接宾语为主语的情况较多。主动：Tom gave me a present on my birthday. 我生日那天汤姆送我一件礼物。被动：I was given a present by Tom on my birthday. A present was given to me yesterday. 注意：如果把直接宾语（指物）改为主语，则在间接宾语（指人）前加适当的介词。1. 在下列动词后，通常在间接宾语前用介词to：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, sell, show, take,tell等。2. 在下列动词后，一般在间接宾语前用介词for：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, find, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing等。 主动：Mother made me a new skirt. 母亲给我做了件衬衣。被动：A new skirt was made for me. 1. 不及物动词没有被动语态。因为不及物动词没有宾语，所以若将其用于被动语态则没有主语，故不能用于被动语态。但是值得注意的是，有些英语中的不及物动词，译成汉语时却可能是“及物”的，很容易出错，这类动词如：take place(发生)，happen(发生)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续)，arise(出现，发生)等：What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.含有短语动词的被动语态一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。另外,许多不及物动词加上介词或副词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,后面也可加宾语。在变被动语态时,注意不可丢掉后面的介词或副词,常见的这类短语动词有:take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up等。如:The old people should be taken good care of. 系动词无被动语态：appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn1） It sounds good. 2）The steel feels cold 连用动词用主动表被动：尤其是表示“起来”的系动词，如sound(听起来), taste(吃起来), smell(闻起来), feel(摸起来), look, seem(看起来)等，尽管它在汉语意思含有被动意味，但英语却要用主动形式表示被动含义。如：绸子摸起来柔软光滑。误：Silk is felt soft and smooth. 正：Silk feels soft and smooth. 他并不像他看起来那么傻。误：He is not such a fool as he is looked. 正：He is not such a fool as he looks.某些不及物动词用主动表被动：用作不及物动词的open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook等，当主语是物，且因该事物本身具有某一固有特点使得谓语动词能以某种方式得以实现或难以实现时，用主动形式表示被动含义。如：The book sells well. 这本书卖得不错。 The window wont open. 窗子打不开了。This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。This cheese doesnt cut easily. Its too soft. 这乳酪不容易切，太软了。几个表示“需要”的动词：在表示“(某物)需要”的need, want, require等后的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。如：The house wants painting(= to be painted). 房子需要油漆了。The floor requires washing(= to be washed). 地板该洗了。注意：1. 在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后要加上to。例：make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do somethingsomebody +be +seen to do somethingA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.We often hear her sing. 我们经常听到她唱歌。She is often heard to sing. 经常有人听到她唱歌。2. 如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如： We called him an ass. 我们叫他傻瓜。误：As ass was called him. 正：He was called an ass. 当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的复合不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody，作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如： Nobody can lift this stone. 谁也拿不起这块石头。误：The stone can be lifted by nobody. 正：The stone can not be lifted by anybody.当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如： They havent done anything to make the river clean. 误：Anything hasnt been done to make the river clean. 正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean. 表示“据说”的三类被动句型 (1) It is said that句式It is said that honesty is the best policy. 人们说诚实是上策。It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number. 据说13是一个不吉利的数字。It is said that those who eat the most are the least healthy. 据说吃得最多的人身体最差。注：其他类似结构还有：Its supposed to be very good. 据说它质量很好。Its expected that the war would end soon. 预计战争不久即可结束。It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. 据报道又有一颗卫星上天了。(2) There is said that句式There is said to be plenty of oil off our coast. 据信我们近海有大量石油。注：其他类似表达还有：There is supposed to be a train at 9:30. 九点半应有一班火车。There are known to be thousands of different species of beetles. 据了解，有成千上万种不同的甲虫。(3) sb / sth is said that句式：其意为“据说”，Mr. Brown is said to have died of liver cancer. 据说布朗先生死于肝癌。注：其他类似表达还有：The strike is expected to end soon. 估计罢工不久就可结束。He is believed to have already got out of the country. 据信他已离开这个国家Profile Name of game Wonderful Computer World Main character Bill Gates Goal Help you learn how to use a computer and travel online Area of study Knowledge of computers and Internet Setting The computer world Designer Paul Allen Designed in 2002 Producer Microsoft Educational CD-ROMs Co. Sold in All computer shops and bookshops My favuorite computer game is called “Wonderful Computer World” . The main character is Bill Gates . The game is set in the computer world . The goal of the game is to h