动名词作主语和宾语.doc

动名词作主语和宾语动名词作主语例：1.-What do you think made Mary so upset？-_ her new bicycle.（1997上海）A.As she lostBLost CLosing DBecause of losing解析：答案C。Losing在此为动名词，与her new bicycle构成动名词短语在句中作主语。该题可以理解为：Losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset1.在下面的句型中，it是形式主语，v-ing形式作真正的主语。1)Its no usegoodv-ing如：Its no good smoking, youd better give it upIts no use arguing with him2)Its a waste of time / so nice/ foolish interesting / doing sth.Its a waste of time waiting here.在这里等是浪费时间。Its so nice talking to you.很高兴和你谈话。2.v-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。Learning new words is very useful to me. 动名词作宾语1. 有些动词后只接动名词作宾语。这类动词常见的有：admit，advise，finish, avoid，escape,delay，consider,dislike, mind, suggest，enjoy，miss , practise，imagine，appreciate（感激）,risk(冒险)等等。例如：Our monitor suggested _a discussion of this subject. (85)Ato have Bshould have Chave DHavingKey: D2. 有些动词和动词词组既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语，但意思不同。这类动词及动词词组常见的有：stop，forget，remember，try，mean，go on，regret, cant help 等等。1）go on to do 接着做（另一件事）go on doing 继续做（同一件事）2）stop to do 停下来去做；stop doing 停止做3）remember to do 记住要做；remember doing 记得曾做过4)cant help to do 不能帮助做； cant help doing 情不自禁地做4）forget to do 忘记要做；forget doing 忘了曾经做过5）regret to do 很遗憾抱歉地去做；regret doing 后悔做了6）try to do 努力做；try doing 试着做7）mean to do 打算做；mean doing 意味着做例如：You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well，now I regret _that.(95)Ato do Bto be doing Cto have doneDhaving done解析：答案D。本句意为：我现在后悔在会上提出了反对意见。表示对已经发生的事情“后悔”应用regret doing having done3. 动名词充当介词的宾语，常用在含有某些介词构成的短语动词之后，这类常见的短语动词有：insist on, think of, feel like (cf. would like to do sth.)，set about(cf. set out to do sth.)，be fond of，look forward to(cf. look forward to do sth. )， pay attention to，get used to，give up , devoteto，put off ,succeed in, have difficulty in, get down to(开始着手做) 等等。例：She looks forward every spring to _the flower-lined garden（1995上海）Avisit Bpaying a visit Cwalk in Dwalking in解析：答案D。4动名词在need，want，require，be worth后接宾语，常以主动形式来表示被动意义.cf. be worthy of being done/ to be doneeg：This book is worthy of being read / to be read.这本书值得一读。need/ want/ require doing sth / to be done (需要做)eg.：My bike needs repairing / to be repaired.5permit, allow, forbid, require(要求)doing sth./ sb to do sth. 跟人作宾语后，必须用不定式作补语。例如：This room wont allow smoking.在这间屋里不准吸烟。例：What do you think of the book？ -Oh，excellentIts worth _a second timeAto readBto be read CreadingDbeing readKey: C6有些动词后可跟不定式和v-ing形式作宾语，意义差别不大。1）在like, love, hate, prefer等动词后，v-ing形式表示经常性、概括性的动作，不定式表示具体的、特定的某一次动作。如：She likes singing, but she doesnt like to sing today7在begin, start, continue后跟v-ing形式和不定式作宾语没有区别，但start，begin本身为进行式或后接realize, wonder, understand等心理活动的词时，常用不定式作宾语。如：I began to realize that I was wrong动名词的时态和语态动名词有一般式和完成式。它的一般式所表示的动作或是与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或是在句中谓语动词动作之后发生；而它的完成式所表示的动作则一般发生在句中谓语动词动作之前。例1：While shopping，people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need（1996上海）Ato persuade Bpersuading Cbeing persuaded Dbe persuaded解析：答案C。根据句意，cant help是“抑制不砖、“情不自禁”的意思。其后应接动名词作宾语。在此句中，people与persuade之间是动宾关系，所以应用动名词的被动式。动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构在句中作宾语时，代词可用宾格形式代替形容词性物主代词，名词可用普通格代替所有格。eg.：I dont like you/ your/ Tom / Toms being late.但是动名词作主语时，只能用your /Toms being late形式。例:What worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital（1998上海）Ahis not allowing Bhis not being allowed Chis being not allowed Dhaving not been allowed解析：答案B。动名词复合结构的否定式应把否定词not放在物主代词之后、动名词之前。child和allow之间为动宾关系，所以就用其被动式。几个重要的句型：1.There is no use / good doing sth.2.There is no + 动名词There is no joking about such matter.这事开不得玩笑。. 用to do而不用v-ing作定语的情形一)所修饰的词为desire, effort, failure, promise等。Eg：She made a promise to come and help us二)所修饰的名词前有the firstlastnext， the only和the best，the most等序数词或形容词最高级修饰语。 Eg：Who was the last one to leave the room last night三)所修饰的名词与定语间有动宾关系 Eg：I have some clothes to wash tonight 四)所修饰的名词与定语有主谓关系 Eg：I need someone