几个易混淆的关系代词的比较.doc

几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:(A) that & which:在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.(1) 先行词为不定代词，如all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等。如：1.We should do all that is useful to the people .2.Theres nothing that can be said about it .3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?(2) 先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。如：1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.2.Thats the very word that is wrongly used.3.The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.4. You can take any seat that is free.(3) 先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。如：1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.(4) 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。如：1.This is the best that can be done now.2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.(5) 先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that. 如：1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.(6) 被修饰词为数词时. 如：1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .(7) 如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。如：1.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.(8) 疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。如：1. Which is the book that you like best?2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?(9) 主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如：1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.(10) 被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that . 如：1. Thats a good book that will help you a lot.2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:(1) 当关系代词的前面有介词时. 如：1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?(2) 在非限制性定语从句中. 如：1.Crusoes dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which指代主句)定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read.2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?3. You can take anything ( that) you like. 4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.6. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.7. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.1. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day?A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. the one31.The house the capitalist used to live i