Module4Unit3补充考点.doc

Module 4 Unit 3 补充考点考点 1 as to , as for as to 的功能类似于 with regard to， regarding， on the matter of， concerning 等，常用于相当正式的语境中，尤其用于争论和做出决定时。可放于句首或与 wh- 疑问词引导的动词不定式和名词性从句连用（有时可省略），而 as for 无此种用法。例如：As to the journey， we must decide about that later.As to the flood， I have heard nothing.He is very uncertain _ whether its the right job for him.A question arose _ who should be the monitor.I want to find out_ whom this bicycle belongs to.as for 和 as to 都可用于句首，引出一个与前一个话题稍微有些不同的话题，但 as for 在语体上不如 as to 正式，并且着重话题的转换，也就是说，它所引导的是前面尚未提到过的新的事情，因此它不能用于文章的开头。另外， as for 有时表达轻蔑的语气。例如：We had a delightful weekend in the country. As for the traffic， we had no difficulty.在乡下我们度过了一个愉快的周末。至于交通，我们没有遇到任何困难。You can have a bed；_ him， hell have to sleep on the floor.有一张床给你，至于他，就只能睡在地板上了。_ him， I know nothing._you， I never want to see you here again.考点 2 addadd1.The engines of the ship was out of order and the bad weather _ the helplessness of the crew at sea. A. added to B. resulted from C. turned out D. made up2.There have been several new events _ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. addB. to add C. adding D. added3.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. having addedB. to addC. addingD. added考点 3考点1. put相关短语put aside留出（钱或时间等）；暂置一边put sth. away把某物收拾起来put sth. back放回原处put down镇压；写下；放下put forward提出（建议等）put off推迟（后跟动名词作宾语）put on穿衣；上演put out 扑灭（火）put up张贴；搭建；举起；提供临时住处put up with忍受1. 【2011全国新课标】I can _ the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean. A. come up withB. put up with C. turn toD. stick to2. 【2011辽宁】The exam results will be _ on Friday afternoon.A. put downB. put off C. put upD. put away3. 【2013新课标I】At the last moment, Tom decided to _ a new character to make the story seem more likely.A. put upB. put in C. put onD. put off4. 【2011浙江】He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of _ at a hotel for the night.A. putting down B. putting off C. putting on D. putting up 5. 【2012新课标全国】Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can _ almost every word her teacher says.A. put outB. put down C. put away D. put together6. 【2008安徽】Dont be so discouraged. If you _ such feelings, you will do better next time.A. carry on B. get back C. break downD. put away7. 【2004全国II】The forest guards often find campfires that have not been _ completely.A. turned downB. put out C. put awayD. turned over考点 4 hold1. We thought of selling this old furniture, but weve decided to _ it. It might be valuable. (2002全国) AA. hold on to B. keep up with C. turn to D. look after2. _ a moment and I will go to your rescue. 2008年福建卷 A. Go on B. Hold on C. Move to D. Carry on 3. - Is Peter there? - _, please. Ill see if I can find him for you. 2008年江苏卷 A. Hold upB. Hold onC. Hold outD. Hold offJohn, what _in your hand ? - Look, Its a birthday gift for my grandma. A. had you held B. are you holding C. do you hold D. will you hold1. We want to rent a bus which can _40 people for our trip to Beijing. B (06天津卷)A. load B. hold C. fill D. supportWe are invited to a party _in our club next Friday. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding 语法 一情态动词一考纲要：1. 情态动词表推测2. 情态动词在对话情景中的用法3. 情态动词+have+过去分词结构4. 情态动词的一些习惯用法5. 含有情态动词的反意疑问句二情态动词试题的突破方法：(1) 首先从整体上把握情态动词的语法和语义特征。(2) 逐个学习，了解每个情态动词的用法特征，尤其要熟练掌握一些常用或常考情态动词的基本用法并认真区别具有相同功能的、意思相近的情态动词的用法。(3) 收集并熟练掌握真实的口语材料和近几年高考有关情态动词的试题，在真实的语境中去体会、领悟、印证、掌握情态动词的用法特征和常见考点。三 情态动词的用法1. can (could)1. 表示体力和脑力方面的“能力”1.Many children can speak English now, but they couldnt two months ago.2）The girl can dance very well. .can/ could 与be able to表能力的区别1. can /could只有现在时和过去时两种形式; be able to却有各种时态形式a. She can dance now, but she couldnt two weeks ago.b. She was able to speak English at school and now she is able to speak Japanese as well.c. She is studying a third foreign language and she will be able to speak German soon.d. No one has ever been able to do it . 从来没有人能够做这种事。2. was were able to 和could 在表示能力时可以替换；当表示成功地做了某件事时，只能用was/were able to，相当于manage to 或succeeded in . 不能用coulda. Although the driver was badly hurt, he could / was able to explain what had happened.b. He could / was able to / managed to walk 50 miles a day last week .(用could 错.这里表具体做某事的能力)2.表示许可，允许，在疑问句中表示请求许可，在否定句中表示不许。此时代替更为正式的May .a. May / Can I come in ? b. May / Can we sit here ? You _smoke in non-smoking sections in public places , but you can in smoking-sections .The teacher said that we _ play football on the playground .2.could可以代替can用于现在时间的动作，表示语气较为委婉，常用于第二人称的疑问句. 肯定回答是用can.a. - Can / Could I go now ? - Yes , you can could . / No , you cant .b. Could you wait a few days for the money ? D. Could you lend me your dictionary ?3.表示说话人的推测可能性.1.强周客观可能性“可能，会”多用于疑问句和否定句中，表示现在推测时可用现在时，进行时，could 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比can 小。a. Can it rain today ? 今天有可能下雨吗？b. I thought the story she told could not be true . 我想他讲的故事不可能是真的。c. -Someone is knocking at the door. Who can it be?-It cant be Mary , for she has gone abroad.d.He cant be waiting for you . Can John be playing basketball now?（约翰可能在打篮球吗？）2.表示对过去推测时：cant /couldnt have done could 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比can 小。He cant have gone there aloneThey cant /couldnt have gone out because the light is still on.Can she have gone to sleep?（她可能入睡了吗？）Can she have learnt English for 8 years?（她学英语可能有8年了吗？）*3.can也可用于肯定句中,表示一般概念上的,笼统的理论化的推测,不对具体的情况推测.表示一时的可能性：“有时候也会”。1.Snow can be exciting, but too much snow can cause trouble.2.Training by yourself in a gym without a trainer can be very dangerous.3. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it can be very slow.4.表示惊异或困惑。 a. What on earth can this mean ? 这到底是怎么回事？b. What can we do about it ? 我们还会有什么办法呢？5. could (不用can) have done 表“本来能够 而没能”,用来提出较缓和的批评意见。有“责备”的口气。a. She could have passed the exam. 他本来能够做的更好一些。b. You could have done the work better . 你本来可以及格的。couldnt have done表“本来不能够 而能做了”He couldnt have passed the exam, but he has passed it ,for he didnt study hard at all.牛刀小试1. A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do.A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to3. They will _ run this machine on their own in three months.A. can B. could C. may D. be able to4. That big cinema _ seat 2,000 people.A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able to5.A left luggage office is a place where bags be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. Ashould BcanCmustDwill 03北京6.How you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article ? Acan Bmust Cneed Dmay 03上海7.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _be very slow. Ashould Bmust Cwill Dcan8)-Will you stay for lunch ? -Sorry, I _.My brother is coming to see me. A.I mustnt B.I cant C,.I neednt D.I wait9) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone _ get out .A .could B .was able to C .would D .could be able to 10) I talked for a long time, and in the end I _ make her believe me .A .was able to B .could C .can D .should 2 May( might) 的用法1） 表示允许或请求；口语中常可与can替换。1. Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention, please? 2.-May I come in, sir? -Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt.2）表示对现在没有把握的推测；”或许，可能”表示一件事情或许会发生，只用在(只用于肯定句或否定句中)注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。a .He may / might be English .(可能) b. They may / might have a lot of work to do . (可能)c.He may/might come here by car, but Im not sure.d.He may not realize her mistake . (或许)3.表示对过去没有把握的推测；”或许，可能”表示一件事情或许会发生过，只用在(只用于肯定句或否定句中)注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。may (might) +have done表对过去的推测,. “也许已经.”, “ 可能已经”之义,表示的可能性远比 must +have done要少.a .He may have gone to bed. （他可能已经上床睡觉了。）b. You might have succeeded if you had tried .（假如你尝试了，或许你已经成功了。）c. She might not have settled the problem . （他可能尚未解决那个问题。）4. may 放在句首，表示祝愿May you succeed! 对比wish Wish you success!May all your dreams come true！5. 成语： may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为不妨。If that is the case ，you might as well try it !牛刀小试1)-Could I borrow your dictionary ? -Yes, of course you _. A .could B .can C .should D .will2)-_I stop here, sir ? -No. Go on to the next paragraph, please. A .Will B .May C .Would D .Ought 3.Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. mustB. may C. can D. will3. must & have to A.表示 “必须 应该”, 否定式为must not ( mustnt ) ( 表示不应该 不许可 不准 禁止等) .在回答must的提问时，否定式用need not ( neednt) 或 dont have to （表示“不必”），而不用must not （表示不可以）。1.- Must I hand in my exercises now ? -Yes , you must . / No , you neednt / No , you don t have to .2.表示“不许可，禁止”a .You mustnt play in the street . b. You mustnt lend it to others .注意：否定形式mustnt 和dont have to ( havent got to ) 意思极不相同。You mustnt tell Jenny . = Dont tell Jenny . 你一定不要告诉Jenny.You dont have to tell Jenny . = You can if you like but it isnt necessary .你不一定要告诉Jenny.B. must 与have to 表”必须”的区别must表示主观意志, have to “不得不，必须”，意思上与must很接近，表示职责和义务，强调客观因素所造成结果。比较: I must stop smoking . (主观看法) I have to stop smoking . (客观需要)a. We must find out the new information as quickly as possible.b. The last bus has gone, so we have to go back home on foot.C. must 常用来对现在表示推测，意为“准是，肯定是”，只用于肯定句，其肯定程度比may, might大得多。must +be/do 注意：考查反意疑问句a. He must be in the classroom , _ ?(对现在事情的猜测) ( must + V.)b. She must be doing her homework in the classroom .(对正在进行的事情猜测）(must be + doing sth.)c. He must be staying there, _?D. must have done 表对过去行为的推测,意思是”一定,想必,准是.” 只用于肯定句.A .The streets are wet. It must have rained . last night. _:? B .He must have finished his homework , _ ?E. 表示偏偏，干嘛，（指做令人不愉快的事情）The car must break down just when we were about to start off . Must you shout so loudly ?John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour？ （2005年全国卷）A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need牛刀小试1) You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not2) Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself.A. wont ; cant B. mustnt ; may C. shouldnt ; must D. cant ; shouldnt3) -Will you stay for lunch?-Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont4) -May I pick a flower in the garden?- _.A. No, you neednt B. Not, please. C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont5).Where is my pen? I_ it.A. might lose B. might have lost C. must have lost D. would have lost B项语气太弱,与题意不符.6)-Look! It _ be Peter. -No, it _ be him. He has gone abroad. A. may, mustnt B. must ,neednt C. must, cant D. can ,cant7)She is late ; something _ to her. A. must have happened B. may happen C. must happen D. should happen8)-Is there a train to Shanghai this afternoon ? -There _ be. Ill call the railway station and make sure. A. must B. would C. can D .might 9) I didnt hear the telephone. I _ asleep. (1989) A. must be B .must have been C. should be D. should have been10).Michael _ be a policeman, for he is much too short.A .neednt B. cant C. should D. may4. will /would 1.will是助动词或是情态动词 用于构成将来时是助动词。用于表“意志/决心/请求”是情态动词。would亦同理，只是表过去。1.I will tell you something important. 我将要告诉你一些重要的事（助动词）2.Will you tell her that Im here? 请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗? 3.I told him not to do it, but he would. （情态动词）1.用于各种人称, 表示意愿或决心.如: will 表示现在的意愿或决心a. “I will land you safe in Liverpool,” he cried, “if you will stay strong and firm with me.”b. Suppose he will not go with me , what can I do ? 假如他不愿和我一起去，我该怎么办呢？c. Well pay back the money soon . 不久，我们会还钱的。2.would表示过去的意志和决心。a. He would never agree to that . 他决不会同意那事。b. His theory was so advanced that few people would accept it . 他的理论是那么高深，以至于没有几个人愿意接受。2.用于第二人称的疑问句,表说话人对对方的请求, would的语气较will婉转.a. -Would you teach us how to drive a car ?b.- Will you help me fix up this camp ?3.)表示各种倾向或习惯动作。Fish will die out of water .-Who can close the door ?-I will (Ill do it )注本句不能用be going to /be to do 结构，因为本句不表计划打算，只是一个反射性动作。4.would 表示过去的习惯动作和过去的某种倾向。1.When he was a child he would (used to )play football .2.He would come to see me on Sunday when he was in Beijing.3. Often at night she would hear a long low whistle and sound of a metallic noise.4. When we were at middle school , we would go swimming in winter .Would 和 used to 的区别。used to 主要用于今昔习惯的对比，表明过去如何，现在已不再如此了。而would 不能用于今昔习惯的对比。而would只能表示过去重复的动作，不能表示情况或状态。如People used to think that the sun went round the earth .5.will not或would not和一些主动语态的动词连用,表示”怎么也不”的意思.Hank tried the door again, but it wouldnt move.6). would + have done 表示过去本来要做的某个动作，因某种原因而未做成。a. I would have come to see you , but my mother was ill at that time .我本想来看你，但当时.b. He would have gone to college, but he didnt pass the exam 他本来可以上大学的，但他未通过考试。 would not have done sth. 表示过去本来不愿做的某个动作，He would not have come to see you. But he came here.5.shall(过去式should ；shall not的缩写为shant 助动词：表示单纯的将来，用于第一人称，第二人称只用于问句中。美国人常用will代替口 语中可缩写为ll 将要；会：We shall reach Yean tomorrow明天我们将到达延安Im afraid I shant be able to come我恐怕不能来Shall we be back in time? 我们会及时回来吗。 Shall you be free tonight ? 今天晚上你空吗? 2.表说话者的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等，用于陈述句的第二、第三人称中必须，应，可：a .You wanted justice, so you shall get justice, more than you wanted. (允诺)b .You shall have a nice present for your birthday. (允诺)c. You shall be sorry for what you have done, I tell you. (警告)d. When she comes, nobody shall say a word. (命令)e. Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan . (决心)f. She shall do it, whether she will or not.(强制)3在条约、规章、法令,协议等文件中表示义务或规定，一般用于第三人称)应，必须：The National Party Congress shall be convened every five years 党的全国代表大会每五年举行一次，The new regulation shall take effect on June 1st 新章程自六月一日起施行。“The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declaredthe judge. 04重庆 A. may B. should C. must D. shall4.在问句中表示征求对方意见，主要用于第一、第三人称好吗? 要不要?：Shall I fetch the hammer? 我去把锤子拿来好吗？ Shall I turn off the light ?Shall we take umbrella with us ？(或Lets take umbrellas with us，shall we?)我们带雨伞去好吗?Shall he come to see you? 要不要他来看你? Shall she come in ?- The room is so dirty . - _we clean it ? - Of course . A. Will B. Shall C. Would D . Do 牛刀小试1) Someone is waiting to see you . Shall he come in , manager ? 表示 2).Shall I get a ticket for you ? 表示 3).You shall not get my support if you do such a thing . 表示 4). Dont worry .You shall get a new computer . 表示 5).The fine shall be paid in cash . 表示 6). If you dont do as I tell you to, I shall kill you at once. 表示 7) -Sir, _ he go or stay? -Let him go. A. will B. shall C. might D. could8. You_ finish reading the book as soon as possible.(may / can / need / should )9. Your trousers are dirty. _ them for you ? A .Shall I wash B .Will I wash C .Am I going to wash D .Am I washing10._ you please tell me the way to the post office ? A .Must B .Need C .Would D .Should11._ I open the door for you ? -No, thanks. I can manage myself. A .Will B .May C .Shall D .Should12.The meeting has begun. You _ leave now. (wont / will / shant / shall )13._I go or _ you go yourself ? A .Will, will B .Shall, shall C .Shall ,will D .Will, shall14. You _ have the book as soon as I finish it. (will / must /can /shall )15 .You say you will not do it, but I say you _ do it. (shall /will /would /need )16.When I was in difficulty, he _ gladly help me.A .would B. used to C .was used to D .will17.After her sons death, the old lady _sit at the window, deep in thought. A .would B .used to C .could D .should6.should1. 表应该做,且有一种道义的责任,也可表示劝告,建议.可用于任何人称，“应当”。a. I should help her because she is in trouble.b. Now you know what you should do. c. You shouldnt get up if youre badly hurt.2.表推测或必然性，但可能性极小. 含有“理应”“按道理应该”之义。a. They should be back now. b. The book should come out in a month.