元音字母在重读音节中的读音.doc

一、 元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母读 音例 词a在开音节中einame plane Jane baby cake在闭音节中bag dad hat map black backe在开音节中i:he these me Chinese在闭音节中ebed let pen desk yes egg i在开音节中aibike fly drive time nice kite在闭音节中ifish big drink sit milk swimo在开音节中outhose close go hoe home no在闭音节中clock not box shop socku在开音节中ju:student excuse duty Tuesday在闭音节中bus cup jump much lunchu在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读u:音，例如：June blue ruler super1-01 特例：vague vogue range paste plague change strange taste waste ache waste scythe opaque这些单词中的th ng gu ch st qu都被看作一个整体，都被看作一个辅音字母，其中的元音字母按开音节规则发音。和以上读音现象不同的词有：tingei1-02 manye anye 1-04 Englishi pretty1-05 policemani: machinei: 以上这两个词源自法语，保留法语发音。fatiguei: 下面这两个词保留了古英语的发音 livei givei1-07 tou: dou: movie 1-08 womanu wolfu roller u colour 1-09 putu Bushu cushionu二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读 音例 词a China another woman breakfastiorange comrade village cabbagee hundred student open weekendichicken pocket begin childreni /iholiday beautiful family animalaiexercise satelliteo second tonight somebody welcome ualso zero photou autumn diffcultju(:)popular congratulation January动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读ei音，例如：operateu处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读u(:)音，例如：July influence February issue在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作 音，也可以读作i音。不符合规则的词icon : n.【电脑】代表所指谓的图像 robot : n.机器人 alcohol : n.酒精 aerosol n.烟，雾 phenol n.酚苯2-11 substrateei n.【生化】【半导体】基质;底物三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读 音例 词a在w音后面 want what watch wash qualitya在f n sk ph sp ss st th前:after plant graph ask grasp glass fast fatheri在-nd -ld和gh前aifind child light higho在-st -ld前oumost postcard old coldo在m n v th前 come monkey love mother3-01 water : waneei wakeein 以上几个词都是开音节词 wag 3-02 ass tomato: 字母a后面是字母t，不符合3-02规则。这个词也可以按1-01规则来读 tomatot meitou banana: 重读音节里的字母a后面有字母n，符合3-02规则。由于重读音节里的字母a和后面的字母n并不是处在同一音节里，所以banana也可以读成b nein 3-03 cost 3-04 colour 四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读 音例 词ar :car farm dark sharpenerar在w音后面 :warm quarter towardsor :forty morning shortor在w音后面 :word worker worseer ir ur :certainly bird Thursday辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如： carry sorry hurry-r音节在非重读音节中通常读 音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday例外的词4-03 attorney : 4-04 worn : sword : 4-06 quarrel 按3-01规则读 surround sur-不重读 suppose sup-不重读 collect col-不重读 worry 也可以读成worryw ri 五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组读 音例 词are care dare hareerei here mereireai fire hire wire ore :more score beforeureju pure cureare ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读 音，例如：picture pleasure重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读r音。 例如：parent zero story during inspiring 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange very American paragraph 不符合规则的词5-02 there where 5-03 cires rei5-05 sureu 5-06 failure5-07 assurance 5-08 burialberi l deteriorate六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读 音例 词ai/ayeiafraid rain wait day playair air hair chair pair repair al small ball talk wall all :l always also salt almostal在f m前:half calmau/aw :autumn daughter draweai:teach easy cheap pleaseeheavy bread sweater weathereibreak great eari hear dear near clear year bear pear wear swear :earth learn earlyeei:jeep week green threeeeri pioneer deer beerei/eyeieight neighbour theyi:either keyeu/ew ju:new few newspaper在j l r s后u:flew brew jewelry ie/eis音之后i:piece field receiveoaoucoat Joan boat goaloar/oor :roar board door flooroi/oy inoise point boy toiletoou:broom food tooth schoolubook look cook foot goodou/owauflower house count downouknow row throw though young country enoughu:group you soup6-28our :course your four6-29au our hour ours6-30 :journey6-31ui ju:ifluid suicide tuition6-32在j l r s后u:juice fruit suit6-33 不符合规则的词6-01 plaid6-06 because laugh:6-07 ea的另外两种发音Seattle这个词中的ea并不是个字母组合，双写辅音字母强调其前面的单个元音字母a是重读音节，而且是个闭音节。i idea really / beautiful6-16 eitheri:美语发音 ei发i:音的例词很少。6-20 abroad : oasis eisis oa并未构成元字组，不在同一音节。6-26 knowledge n li 长音短化现象ou/ow的另一种发音 :，cough thought七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音元音字组或字群读 音例 词编 号ai/ay ei/eyiSunday foreign monkey7-01owouyellow sparrow tomorrow7-02元音字组在非重读音节中读 音或i。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee 7-03-sion -tion nimpression nation 7-04-sion在元音字母后 nvision decision occasion 7-05-tion在s后 nquestion suggestion7-06-stensnlisten7-07-stleslwhistle7-08-sure pleasure measure7-09-ture picture culture7-10八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如：everydayei handbagblackboard :8-01有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如：sun太阳 + dayei日子 Sundayi 星期天holy神圣 + dayei日子 holidayi 假日break中断 + fast:斋戒 breakfast 早餐cup茶杯 + board木板 : cupboard 碗柜 8-02 九、辅字组的读音辅字组读 音例 词编 号bbbike bus bag9-01 /bomb tomb 9-02cc在e前或在i/y前kcake picture coat music9-03sface decide cinema9-04ch much chick rich teacher9-05kschool headache chemistry9-06 machine Chicago9-07-ckkcock pocket black knock9-08dddoctor bread hand day 9-09-dge bridge fridge9-10dr-drchildren driver drink9-11fffive four breakfast9-12gg在e i/y前 bag gardon go 9-13 orange large German 9-14ghfcough enough9-15/light daughter high9-16gu- -gue guess league dialogue guitar9-17 wlanguage anguish 9-18hhhot head house hand9-19/hour honest9-20j jeep jar joke join July9-21kkkind bike skate make week9-22kn-nknife know knock9-23lllife milk school tall9-24mmmonkey come autumn9-25-mnmautumn column solemn9-26nn在k g音前nnot shine ten note 9-27 uncle thank hungry9-28-ng morning young wrong9-29pppaper plane pig ship pen9-30phfelephant photo telephone9-31qkIraq9-32qu-kwquality quite 9-33rrred rubber ruler9-34s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前ssit sleep desk9-35zmusic husband9-36sc-skscarlet9-37smuscle science9-38sh she fish shirt wash9-39t在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前tten letter meet9-40 patient nation9-41tch watch 9-42th在通常情况下在冠词 代词 介词 连词中在词尾-the -ther中thin thirty method9-43 the these with than9-44 clothe father weather9-45tr-trtree train country truck9-46vvvery voice love leave9-47wwweek win wake sweet wait9-48/answer two 9-49wh-wh-在字母o前wwhat when white why9-50hwho whose whole9-51x在重读元音前 ksbox text exercise9-52gzexamle exist exact9-53wr-rwrite9-54y-jyes yard yellow young9-55zzpuzzle zero zoo9-56 不符合规则的词9-13 get girl give gird girder girdle gink gimp gimme9-14 和字母k一样，g在字母n前面通常不发音，也可把gn-看成一个辅字组：gnarl gnar gnash gnat gnathic gnathism gnaw gnome gnomic gnu单词字母g也有不发音的现象： diaphragm9-56 seizure 十、英语语音名词解释 1音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（m n l例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。0-012音节的划分 在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er0-023重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。0-034开音节 绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：name these bike home ex-cuse.0-045闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：bag egg fish not cup0-056双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。例如：stu-dent Chi-na sec-ond au-tumn in-deed 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如：about before excuse repair for-get-ful in-ven-tor0-067多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。例如：el-e-phant con-grat-u-la-tion词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如：scientific impression nation0-07 不符合规则的词10-1 every 从拼写形式上看有三个元字组，但从读音上看只有两个元音，故这个词只有两个音节。中间一个字母e不发音，该词的音节划分方式为eve-ry。10-2 celebrate(cel-e-brate)划分音节时不能把字组拆分到两个音节中去（chil-dren)；br pr bl pl等辅音连缀有时要当作字组来对待，即具有不可分割性；有时又要考虑到词的来源或其他原因而不被当作字组来对待（ward-room、Feb-ru-ar-y)。10-7 Catholic rhetoric字母、字组和字群字母指的是二十六个字母。字母是构成英文书写的最小单位，英语单词中的字母和单词读音中的各个音素并不存在对应关系。字组指的是一个或几个字母在起，发一个共同的音素。字组是英语单词发音的基本单位，通常一个字组对应该一个音素。字组分为元字组和辅字组两种。字群是指几个字组在同一个音节里发两个以上的音素。（如：-tion -sion -sten -stle -ought)为什么要在字母的基础上引入字组的概念呢？从书写形式上看，英文是由一个一个的字母构成的，但每一个字母并不一定对应一个音素，倒是每一个字组对应着一个音素。英语是一种拼音文字，经过一段时间的学习，许多人会“悟”出一些英语单词读音和字组之间的这种一对一的关系，从“单个字母拼合单词”的识记的方式，过渡到“在字组的基础上识记单词”，并“悟”出一些拼读规律。学习者为这个“悟”字付出了太长的时间。所以学习英语应该尽早识记字组，即三十多个元字组，和三十多个辅字组，以字组为基本单位本记忆单词。在六七十个字组的基础上识记单词，远比在在二十六个字母的基础上识记单词的效率高、速度快，记忆时间长，可以在很大程度上降低识记英语单词的难度。元字组在英语单词拼读规则表中，元字组指的是：元音字母和元音字组。元音字母指的是五个元音字母Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu。元音字母数量虽少，但出现的频率高。元音字组由两个或三个元音字母组合而成，少数几个辅音字母（r l w y)也可以和元音字母一起组成元音字组。1 元音: 1) i: 字母组合:ee ea e ie three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please he she me piece receive ceiling 2) i 发音字母 i y e sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious 3) 发音字母 a bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 4) e 字母组合 ea e a head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any 5) : 字母组合ir ur ear ur or girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work worm work world 6) 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china men listen famulus Saturday 7) a: 字母组合 ar a car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm 8) 发音字母 u o ou oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish blood flood 9) 字母组合 al or au our ar small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter 10) 发音字母 o a hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash 11) u: 字母组合 oo o u food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full 12) u 字母组合 oo ou u o look good foot book should could put full bull pull push women whose 13) ei 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain they grey 14) ai 发音字母 i y bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye 15) au 字母组合 ou ow house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town 16) u 发音字母 o ow oa home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal 17) 字母组合oy oi boy toy joy oil soil voice choice 18) i 字母组合 eer beer deer ear idea near here fierce 19) 字母组合ear air pear bear chair air fair care there where 20) u hour tour poor flower shower 2 容易混淆的元音 A e bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said i： ei real rail greet great mean main read raid e ai bet bite red write said side head hide aU R： house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn aU Q found fond down done gown gone town ton 3辅音 1) p pen pear play pig pour pull push 2) b book big boot bike bread break 3) t tree two ten ton town twenty city 4) d door dull desk dose do dog dictionary 5) k king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k) card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c) fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x) school schedule schema (字母组合ch) 6) g girl good goal goat grade long language 7) m man make moon morning move come comb 8) n pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean 9) N uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning evening 10) l long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul 11) r read red right run room write 12) f five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough physic photo phone 13) v very evening even every voice vest of 14) s six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s) license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c) licence piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce) 15) z zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those whose 16) W think thank three thirty tooth mouth 17) T that this those these though 18) F sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention station social special sure 19) V pleasure 20) h hot hop home house horse how who 21) w when what where window wind wood 22) j yes year yell you your yolk yellow 23) tF child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach 24) dV age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk 25) tr tree country try treat track trunk 26) dr dry dream drop drive drink 27) ts students boots boats goats nuts 28) dz goods woods moods hoods 4容易混淆的辅音 v w vest west vet wet vine wine very well s W sink think mass math miss myth sort sought z T close cloth breeze breathe n N thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing 添加一点: 9) 字母组合 al or au our ar aw small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter draw saw flaw 23) tF child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach (字母组合ch） catch watch match （字母组合tch) 5 字母，组合音节发音规律 1）a ei ? a: R late private grade bake grape nation station page active hand bank fan parent family glad flag accept about above formative machine cinema fast last glass class past father wash what watch want 2）e i: e i 不发音 appreciate extremely secret she me he letter left message generate pebble decide pretty previous result restore problem prosperous student confident active table late wife store lecture 3）i ai i high price library ice cream wife size line fist pick chicken piano fianc city unit 4）o J J: Q R lode host cold note okay old home lose do who whose prove love some other mother honey company today tomorrow together control collect lost hot mock office soft honest 5）u ju u Q university refuse unique universe huge put push pull full bull but brush bucket duck bubble support suggest 6）c k s country camp camera courage cable city ceiling celebrate cell cease 7）g g dV N girl grade glass glade bag flag village vegetable bridge gentleman gym long song sing morning evening 8) l l 读音不同 listen