英语最新7年高考5年模拟试题汇编：单项填空之名词与冠词.doc

名词与冠词第一部分 七年高考题荟萃2011年高考题1.（2011江苏卷,27）Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.AconsequenceBindependenceCcompetenceDintelligence答案：C解析：考查名词的辨义。句意为“教师要不断地更新他们的知识以便保持专业上的称职。”consequence后果，结果；independence独立；competence能力，胜任，称职；intelligence智力, 智慧; 理解力。根据句意选C。2.（2011福建卷,26） The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change.A.result B.cause C.warning D.reflection答案：B解析：考查名词的辨义。句意为“公众缺乏对生态环境友好的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的主要原因。”result结果；cause原因；warning警告；reflection反映。cause与global climate change存在着因果关系，故选B。3.(2011浙江卷,18) Anyway, I cant cheat himits against all my _.A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions答案：B解析：考查名词的辨义。句意为“不管怎样，我不能欺骗他这违反我的原则。”emotion情绪；principle原则，准则；regulation规定，规则；opinions意见。根据句意选B。4.（2011四川卷,13）Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens .A.touch B.sight C.reach D.distance答案：C解析：考查名词的辨义。句意为“时刻记住：这些危险物品，比如刀子，要放在孩子们够不着的地方。”out of touch不联系，不接触；out of sight看不见, 在视野之外；out of reach手够不着, 达不到；out of distance远离=far away。根据前面的交代的危险品，选C。5.（2011湖北卷,21） “Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with_ clearly in her voice.A . anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic答案：D解析：考查名词的辨义。句意为“Tommy，快跑！快点！房子着火了！”母亲大声叫喊，嗓音里夹杂这明显的惊慌。”anger生气；rudeness粗鲁；regret后悔；panic惊慌，慌乱。根据句意选D。6.（2011湖北卷,22）Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big_, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.A. project B. commitment C. competition D. ambition答案：B解析：考查名词的辨义。句意为“当初放弃我的工作重新接受全日制的教育是个了不起的决定，现在我知道那是我作出的最好的决定。”project项目, 计划, 方案, 课题；commitment承诺，许诺，保证；competition比赛，竞争；ambition抱负，雄心，野心。commitment与后面的decision相呼应，故选B。7.（2011湖北卷,30）When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men.A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of答案：C解析：考查名词的辨义。句意为“当被问到对于校长的看法时，许多老师都愿意看到他靠边站为更年轻的人让路。”in terms of就而论；in need of需要；in favor of赞成；in praise of表扬，赞扬。8.（2011江西卷31）Whats the_, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself?A.sympathy B.theme C.object D.point答案：D解析：考查名词的辨义。sympathy同情，theme 主题，object 物体，point意义。句意为你认为如果他没有作出努力去帮助自己而去帮助他的意义是什么？选D。9.(2011山东卷,34) Theres a _ in our office that when its somebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship答案：A解析：考查名词的辨义。句意为“我们办公室有个传统:轮到某个人的生日时，他就带蛋糕来与大家分享。”tradition传统；balance平衡；concern关心；relationship关系，联系。句中somebody 与they相照应，说明不止一次，因此用tradition作答案。10.（2011江苏卷,32）Wed better discuss everything _ before we work out the plan.Ain detail Bin general Con purpose Don time10.答案：A解析：考查名词的辨义。句意为“我们最好先详细地讨论好一切，然后再制定计划。”in detail详细地；in general一般而言, 总的来说；on purpose故意地；on time准时。根据句意，先讨论后定计划，选A。1.(2011全国卷,33) It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.a; 不填答案：A解析：考查冠词的用法。句意为“人们普遍认为,男孩子必须学会做一个男子汉，能挺身而出，勇于战斗。”a boy和 a man都是泛指，表示一类人。单数可数名词泛指应在名词前加不定冠词a。2.(2011全国卷II,16) As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight. A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填a D. the; a答案：D解析：考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。句意为“当Jack走到前门时，看到了一个奇怪的景象。”the front door是特指Jack所走过去的门，a strange sight是泛指，相当于a certain sight,起初次介绍的作用。3.(2011山东卷,21) Take your timeits just_short distance from here to_restaurant.A.不填；theB. a; theC. the; aD.不填；a答案：B解析：考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。句意为“别急从这儿到餐馆只不过短短的距离而已。”a short distance短距离，是固定搭配的短语；the restaurant指双方都知道的餐馆，故用the特指。4.(2011浙江卷,2) Experts think that _recently discovered painting may be _ Picsso. A.the ;不填 B. a ;the C. a ; 不填 D. the; a答案：D解析：考查冠词在语境中的用法。句意为“专家认为，最近发现的油画可能是毕加索的作品。”the painting特指最近发现的油画；a Picsso意为a Picssos painting，指毕加索的一件作品，有one的含义。5.(2011四川卷,18）Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”A. 不填；A B.不填；The C.the; The D.a; A答案：A解析：考查冠词的用法。句意为“校长Peter Spence告诉我们说，我校的五分之一学生将到牛津大学和剑桥大学去学习。”headmaster校长，职务前面不加冠词；a fifth表示五分之一。6.(2011重庆卷,26） In communication, a smile is usually _ strong sign of a friendly and _ open attitude.A. the, / B. a, an C. a, / D. the, an 答案：C解析：考查冠词的用法。句意为“在相互交流中，微笑通常是一种友好和开放的态度的明显特征。”a 用在可数名词sign前，泛指一类事物；friendly and open 是并列，修饰attitude。7.(2011陕西卷,13）As is know to all, Peoples Republic of China is biggest developing country in the world. A.the ;不填 B. 不填 ；the C. the ；the D. 不填；不填答案：C解析：考查冠词的用法。句意为“众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。”第一个定冠词the用在表示国家的名词前；第二个定冠词the用在有形容词最高级修饰的名词前。8.(2011江西卷22）Its said John will be in a job paying over 60,000 _ year Right, he will also get paid by _ week.A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D.a; a答案：B解析：考查冠词的用法。前一句句意为：据说John将会有一份年工资超过60000美金的工作，表时间单位每年，冠词a，后一句说没错，他也将会以每周的方式得到薪水。by后面接具体的计量方式用定冠词the。2010年高考题1. （10安徽25）I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_A. hearing B strength C. recognition D. measure答案：C. 考点：本题考查名词辨析。解析： hearing意为“听力”；strength意为“力气；力量”； recognition意为“认出；识别；认识”； measure意为“测量；措施”。句意为“她变得认不出来了。”2.（10江西35） Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) _ of 40,000 per year.A average B number C amount D quantity答案：A.考点：考察名词。解析： a number of 许多 amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数, 但没有平均每年增加的意思。3.（10山东33）Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine. A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter答案:A考点：本题考查名词在具体语境的使用。解析：句意应为“那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。”所以A项意义符合句意, relief 表示“缓解，减轻，解除”。 safety表示“安全，保险”；defense 表示“防御，防护”； shelter表示“掩蔽，保护”。4.（10天津3）James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.A. room B. area C. field D. position答案：A. 考点：考查名词意义和用法。句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下了，目的是为电视腾出空间。解析：make room for是固定搭配，意思是“为让空”的意思，其中的room是不可数名词。5.（10江苏22）The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_.A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization选B，reputation 表示名声而expectation是期望的意思。Contribution是贡献的意思。Civilization是文明的意思。6.（湖北21）This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. division B. area C. range D. circle答案: B 考点：名词/名词短语解析：此题不仅考察学生对于四个选项的认知，更重要的是要理解句子的含义。“这家餐馆越来越出名 是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各种类型人群。”“a range of ”强调一个系列，而“a wide range of”意为“各种各样的”。正好符合题意。从句子结构来讲，这个句子属于典型的“从句套从句”。“for”引导原因状语从句，“that”引导定语从句。 6. （10安徽22） After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.A. accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture.答案: D 考点：名词解析：512的汶川地震，414玉树地震。天灾“earthquake”相信是很多考生都准备过的一个话题。所以相关词汇“accommodation”表示“住处”应该是考生们准备的系列词汇之一 这道题难度不大 ，句子结构也相对 简单。只要背过这几个词，知道“occupation”二 表示“占用”或者“工作，职业”；“furniture”表示“ 家具 ”；“e quipment”表示“设备，器材”就能选出正确答案D了。 7. （10安徽73） _(不会用)a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research. (use)答案：Not being able to use/ Being unable to use/ Not being capable of using/ Being incapable of using考点：动名词解析：不会用”可以翻译成 “not be able to use”， “be unable to use” ， “be capable of using”， “be incapable of using”， 动名词化后，得出答案8. （10浙江16） The school advisers help you talk through your problem but they dont give you any direct _. A. solution B. target C. measure D. function答案：A考点：本题考查名词辨析。解析：分析四个选项：solution解决方法；target目标；measure措施；function功能。根据句意：学校的建议者们帮助你分析问题，但是他们不会给你直接的解决方法。9. （10福建21） Its good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.A. 不填, aB. a, 不填C. the, a D. a, the答案：B考点：冠词的使用解析：good feeling并非特指，故用a；pleasure是抽象名词，无需冠词。句意为“人们喜欢上海世博会给它们的快乐，这是（一）种不错的感觉” a good feeling , 一种不错的感觉，give sb pleasure。10.（10山东22）If we sit near _ front of the bus, well have _ better view. A. 不填； the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the；the答案：C考点： 本题考查冠词在具体语境中的使用。解析： 句意应为“如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，就会有更好的视野。”表示“某空间内部的前部”时，front前要加定冠词the; have a good view是习惯搭配，表示“视野开阔，视野良好”之意；所以C项符合语境。11. （10江苏21） The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_ people from all walks of life are working hard for_ new Jiangsu.A.不填； a B. 不填；the C. the； a D. the； the 选A. 第一空,来自社会各阶层的人. 是不特指,不用冠词. 第二空, 在Jiangsu 前有形容词new 因此,应加冠词a.表示一个全新的江苏12.（10辽宁22）There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth.A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the答案：B句意：太空中有超过58,000的岩状物体，其中大约900有可能掉到地球上。解析：考查冠词。第一空in space 是固定短语，不用冠词，第二空名词earth属于独一无二事物的名词，其前必须用定冠词。13.（10北京35）First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _ second chance to make _ first impression. A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a答案：A考点: 冠词解析：很多同学错在第二个空to make a first impression上了。在做题的时候不够细心，因为此题的句意是：第一印象是最持久的。总之，你永远不可能有第二个机会去再给别人留一次第一印象。本题强调的重点是第二个机会a second chance;第二次留一个第一印象，make a first impression. first为干扰因素。若句意改变为：你没有机会去改变你的第一印象You never get a second chance to change the first impression。此处再填the就合情合理了。14.（10重庆27）Everything comes with price; there is no such thing as free lunch in the world.A. a, aB. the, /C. the, aD. a, /答案D考点：考查冠词。解析： price意思是“代价”，为可数名词，第二空前边有no,后面的名词不用冠词，故选 D项。 15.（10浙江2）Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up weakening of the human body.A. a; /B. /; the C. a; theD. /; /答案：B考点：本题考查冠词。解析：句意：许多生活方式对人类的健康有害，他们加速了人类身体的衰退。本题考查冠词，对有害用短语“do harm to”表示，中间无需冠词；之后的weakening是由动词的ing形式表示抽象的名词，表达一种概念、状况时需要加上the。16.（10四川2）In most countries, a university degree can give you flying start in life. A. the; a B. the; 不填 C.不填; 不填 D.不填; a答案：D考点：考查冠词。解析： most countries此处表泛指，most前不加定冠词the.第二个空处应为“一个高起点的开始”，故用a ,正确答案为D。 2009年高考题1. (09安徽31) China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge答案 A2. (09福建29) The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration答案 A 解析 名词词义辨析。delay：耽搁，延误；effort：努力；schedule：时间表；consideration：考虑，体谅；关心。题干意思是：当H1N1型2009年4月袭击墨西哥时，世界卫生组织毫不犹豫地向人们提出了警告。选A。3. (09湖北25) Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for _ building.A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character答案 D解析 根据常识便可知运动既可增强体质也可强健个性，不会增强尊敬或名声，友谊可以增强，但与前面health不搭配，故答案为character。4. (09湖北26) In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a _ for everyone to stand up.A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure答案 A. 解析 根据句意可知打铃及老师合上书本，这是下课的暗示，选项中只能选择signal。chance“机会”，mark“分数，痕迹”，measure“方法，措施”。5. (09江西23) The _ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _ car.A. girls; Toms B. girls; Toms C. girls; Toms D. girls; Toms 答案 C 解析 名词所有格形式。根据题干后半部分的them可知对应复数girls。此题较易6. (09海南32) Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard.A. draw B. strike C. rush D. push答案 D解析 句意为：鼓励你的孩子去尝试新事物,但不要把它们太难了。push 推，挤，逼迫；strike v. 打,罢工,划燃rush v. 冲进,匆促行事,催draw v. 拉,拖,挨近,提取,画,绘制。根据句意，应选D。7. (09山东29)He says that my new car is a _ of money.Dont you think those words are just sour grapes?A. lack B. load C. question D. waste答案 D 解析 考查单词的区别：lack缺乏；load负担；question疑问；waste 浪费；根据句意，尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案选D。8. (09陕西20) Form their _ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation答案 B 解析 名词词义辨析；stage：舞台，时期，阶段；position：位置；condition：条件，情况；situation：形式，情况；情景；根据空前的物主代词their可以推断出此处选B。题干意思是：从他们在电视塔顶部的位置，游客们可以更好地看到这个城市的景色。9. (09天津1) Im trying to break the _ of getting up too late .A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. Leisure答案 C10(09浙江6) The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library.A. access B. passageC. wayD. approach答案 A11. (09安徽21) We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the 答案 A12. (09北京33) The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a 答案 B13. (09江西25) Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world. A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a 答案 A 解析 考查冠词用法。Air pollution 是抽象名词这里是泛指，weather 这里是特指全球的气候，根据the weather around the world 可知。14. (09海南22) Lets go to cinema-thatll take your mind off the problem for whileA. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a ; a答案 B 解析 考查冠词的用法go to the cinema 表示具体的某地，for a while 固定搭配，表示“一会儿”。15. (09陕西6) What pity that you couldnt be there to receive prize!A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the答案 C 解析 考查冠词。第一空所填冠词与上下文构成固定句型what a pity that，用不定冠词a；第二空后名词表示表特指，用定冠词the，选C。16. (09四川14) In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the 答案 B 解析 考查冠词的用法。该题的意思是：为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。第一空表示泛指；第二空用a +序数词+名词表示又一，再一。 7(09浙江2) I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan.A. the; a B. 不填; theC. the; 不填D. a; the答案 D18. (09重庆26) Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become popular name.A. a; the B. /; a C. /; the D. the; a 答案 B19. (09全国14) What I need is book that contains ABC of oil painting. A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the 答案 D2008年高考题1.(08全国8)Its not good idea to drive for four hours without break.A.a;a B.the;aC.the;theD.a;the答案 A解析 本题考查冠词。句意为：开车四个小时而不休息不是一个好主意。第一空“一个好主意”是泛指；without a break是习惯用法，break也是泛指。2.(08天津11)Most air pollution is caused by the burning of _ _ like coal， gas and oil. A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products答案 A解析 coal，gas and oil均为“燃料(fuels)”。3.(08安徽24)To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten，the students in our school started a discussion“Save Our ”.A.Sky B.Life C.Arts D.Voices答案 D解析 由语境可知，此处指人类的语言，而语言是人类说的，因此用voices，而不用其他选项。4.(08江西27)Shall we go out for a walk?Sorry.This is not the right to invite me.I am too tired to walk.A.moment B.situationC.place D.chance答案 A解析 句意为：我们出去散散步好吗？对不起，这不是邀请我的合适的时间，我太累了而不想去散步。A项“某一时刻，片刻”；B项“情形，状况”；C项“地方”；D项“机会”。5.(08江西30)I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.It is not your fault.With rush-hour traffic and heavy rain， it is no wonder you were late.A.a; a B.the; the C./; / D./; a答案 B解析 句意为：开会来晚了我非常抱歉。这不是你的错，这正是上下班的高峰期而且又下了大雨，难怪你来晚了。第一个空特指高峰时间拥挤的交通；第二个空特指双方所指的大雨。6.(08湖北21)The young man made a _ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation. A.predictionB.promiseC.planD.contribution 答案 B解析 句意为：这位年轻人向他的父母许诺说毕业之后他将努力自食其力。make a promise许诺，答应，其后的that从句为同位语从句，补充说明先行词promise的内容，其他选项不合句意。7.(08湖北22)The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly . A.atmosphere B.state C.situation D.phenomenon答案 A解析 句意为：这两个国家的最高领导人在友好的气氛中进行交谈。atmosphere气氛，氛围；state状态；situation形势，局面；phenomenon现象。8.(08湖南22) Have you heard news? The price of petrol is going up again!A.the;theB./;theC.the;/D./;/答案 C解析 句意为：你听说这消息了吗？油价又上涨了！第一空特指下文的消息，应用定冠词the；第二空后的petrol为泛指，且是不可数名词，故不用冠词。9.(08陕西10) I ate sandwich while I was waiting for 20:08 train. A. the;a B. the;the C. a;the D. a;a答案 C解析 sandwich是可数名词，且在句中首次出现，表示泛指，其前须加不定冠词；而“二十点零八分的火车”是特指的惟一的概念，故其前须加定冠词the。10.(08四川8) In the United States，there is always flow of people to areas of country where more jobs can be found.A.a;theB.the;aC.the;theD.a;a答案 A解析 句意为：在美国，总有人不断地涌入乡村地区，在那里可以找到更多的工作。a flow of表示“大量涌入（某地）”；the country/countryside表示“乡村”，与定冠词the连用。11.(08重庆27) In many places in China， bicycle is still popular means of transportation.A.a;theB./;aC.the;aD.the;the答案 C解析 the+名词表一类，后面