精读课后词语辨析.doc

1.sex;sexual;sexy;sexistsex 一般用它的名词形式，意”性，性别，性行为等“sexual 性的，性别的，性行为的sexy 性感的，迷人的，色情的sexist n.性别歧视者，男性至上主义者 adj.性别歧视者的 2.disinterested;uninteresteddisinterested 无私欲的；廉洁的；公平的uninterested 不感兴趣的，不关心的，淡漠的，（财产方面）无利害关系的3.literal;literary;literateliteral 文字上的；字面的；完全按原文的literary 文学的literate 有文化的4.区别“bulge;protrude;stick;jut;swell” Bulge 指由于内部原因或填充物引起的膨胀，如“鼓鼓的肚子，鼓鼓的袋子”等 Protrude 指一个整体平面上突出的部分，带有一种畸形的暗示，如突出的额头等 Stick 指A物体伸出B物体之外，如把手伸出河面，钉子伸出椅子等 Jut 指因构造或位置等原因使物体的一部分凸出或伸出某平面之上（即从某物的一侧伸出或突出），如阳台在花园上方凸出来 Swell 指因膨胀或肿胀而隆起或突出，像（病理学）肿胀；（海洋）涨潮；（泉水、泪）涌出；（风帆）鼓起；（山峰）鼓起等,5.slip;slide;glide Slip 指意外而不由自主的滑动，无法控制的滑动；偷偷地溜走 Slide 在一个光滑的表面持续的滑动；有意识的滑动 Glide 指自如的，没有阻力的滑行（比较书面化，多用于文学作品中）,glide 可以像slide那样持续地滑，但不一定像slide那样以面接触进行滑动。鸟在天空中翱翔，小船在水面荡漾，都可以用glide表示。此外，诸如自行车顺着下坡路面自行滑动，和即将到站的火车靠其惯性作自行滑动，也可以用glide表示。 6.reputation ;prestige Reputation “名望，名声”，可用于人，也可用于物，可指好的名声，也可指坏的名声。Prestige “声望，威望“，指在社会上有很高的声望，语气比reputation强，而且有威信的意思，reputation没有。7.breast chest bosombreast:the top part of the front of your body below you neck胸部 胸脯 乳房 breast cancer 乳腺癌 breast milk 母乳 chicken breast 鸡胸 lChest: the top part of the front of the body,between the neck and the stomach胸部 胸膛 肋骨所包含的部分（大箱子） lBosom: a womans breast or chest（文学用词）特质女性的胸部；也可 比喻“胸襟，怀抱” the bosom of sth 在.的怀抱中 adj.知心的 亲密的 bosom friend/buddy 密友;知己eg.She put the baby to her breast. She cradled the child against her breast. The bullet hit him in the chest. Lily gasped for breath, her chest heaving. She pressed him to her bosom. Its so warm to live in the bosom of the family.8.rim edge brim border vergerim: the edge of sth in the shape of circle（圆形物体的）边沿 the metal edge of a wheel 轮圈 edge: the outside limit of an object, a surface or an area边；边 缘；边线 brim: the top edge of a cup,bowl,glass,etc（杯，碗等的）口；边 沿 brim over 盛满；溢满 l border: the limit that divides two countries or areas国界；边界； 边疆 l verge: (小草地；绿地）临近. on/to the verge of sth/of doing sth濒于；接近于eg.He looked at them over the rim of his glass.Dont put that glass so near the edge of the table. These two wine glasses are filled to the brim.Its difficult to define the border between love and friendship. She was on the verge of tears. 9.swear curse abuseto swear: to use rude or offensive language（用神或圣物加以）咒 骂；诅咒；骂街 to make a serious promise to do sth发誓；承诺 l to curse: （任何形式的）咒骂；亵渎；诅咒（神灵） lto abuse:to make rude remarks to/about sb（一般意义上的）辱骂； 诋毁；虐待 to use power or knowledge unfairly or wrongly滥用；妄 用eg.She felled over and swore loudly. He swore revenge on the man who had killed his father.She cursed her bad luck. He cursed himself for his stupidity. He was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse of power. All the children had been physically and emotionally abused.10.Jump,leap,skip,springJump(v.)-“跳”，“跃”。普通用语。泛指从地面跳起，或从一平面跳下。Leap(v.)-“跳起”，“跳跃”。指连跑带跳，有姿势轻快活泼和优美之意。是书面语。Skip(v.)-“跳”，“跃”。指轻快灵巧的跳跃，比如孩子们或小动物的欢蹦乱跳。Spring(v.)-“跳”，“跃”。指有力和有弹性的突然跳跃。例:They jumped for joy when they heard the news.他们听到这消息，高兴得跳了起来。It is dangerous to jump off a moving train.火车在行驶时跳下来是很危险的。They leaped lightly over the stream.他们轻捷地跳过了小溪。The young deer were leaping about in the meadow.小鹿在草地上到处跳跃。Girls like to skip rope.女孩喜欢跳绳。Lamps like to skip across the meadow.小羊喜欢在草地上欢蹦乱跳。A boy sprang from his seat.一个男孩突然从座位上跳了起来。He sprang out of bed when the alarm went off.听到警铃响，他从床上跳下来。12.Scrape rub scatchScrape:“刮”“擦”,指用有锋刃的工具从物体的表面刮某物,常强调其目的,如擦掉污渍、漆皮、使之剥落或光滑等。还表示发出特别的、令人不适的声音。引申可表示“勉强通过”He bent over to scrape some dirt off his shoes.他弯腰刮掉鞋子上的尘土。Scratch:“搔”“抓”,多指用带光(而非带刃)的东西如手指甲等去抓搔,也可表示在平面上刮线或穿孔。动作的发出者多没有明确的目的,而动作的承受者多受到一定程度的损害。引申可表示“刮伤”“勾掉”“刻画”“艰难地谋生”“退出比赛”等。 eg.You can clean the scratch w