2018年高三英语一轮总复习专题2.1CultureRelics词汇短语含解析.docx

专题2.1 Culture Relics【学以致用】一、重点词汇细解1. amazing adj. 令人吃惊的(教材)Frederick William ，the King of Prussia，could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.普鲁士国王腓特烈威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。(1) amaze vt.使吃惊；惊讶(2) amazed adj.惊奇的；惊讶的be amazed at/by sth.对感到惊讶be amazed to do sth.因做某事而感到惊讶(3) amazement n.惊讶，吃惊；惊异in amazement惊奇地to ones amazement令某人惊讶的是（1）We the change in his appearance.他的样子变得使我们大为惊讶。 （2）Much to our (amaze)，Lost in Hong Kong earned more than 2 million yuan per day.令我们吃惊的是，港囧每天赚200多万元。 amazed为ed形容词，通常表示人自身的感受，意为“感到.的”；amazing为v.ing形容词，通常表示事物或人自身的属性，意为“令人的”。2. survive vt. 在之后仍然生存；逃生；比活得长 vi. 活下来；幸存survival n. 存活，幸存survivor n. 幸存者survive sb. (by) 比某人活得长(几年)survive sth. 幸免于某事survive on sth. 靠存活下来survive from sth. 从存活下来；流传下来（1）It was lucky that the boy _.很幸运，这个男孩得以从大火中逃生。（2）She _ her husband by ten years.她比她丈夫多活了十年。（3）Many strange customs have _ earlier times.有许多古怪的习俗源远流长。 3. select vt.挑选；选择(教材)The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellowbrown colour like honey.选出来的琥珀色彩艳丽，呈现蜂蜜一样的黄褐色。select.as.挑选作为select sb.to do sth.挑选某人做某事select sth.for sb.为某人挑选某物select from.从中挑选（1）Please select a few nice apples for my mother.请为我妈妈挑选几个好苹果。（2）Daff was selected from the whole class to go on the trip.达夫被从全班同学中选出来去参加这次旅行。明辨异同select强调在广泛的范围内进行“精选或淘汰”，侧重以客观为标准进行选择choose普通用词，侧重根据个人意愿和判断从众多的对象中进行选择，着重被选者的优点。常与from和between连用选词填空（choose，select）Mother took a long time in a few hats for Mary，from which Mary one she liked best.【答案】selectingchose 4. design n.设计；图案；构思 vt.设计；计划；构思by designon purpose 有意，故意have designs on/upon sth. (money/life) 图谋(钱、生命等)be designed for sb./sth. 打算作用be designed to do sth. 目的是做be designed as sth.打算当作（1）They have _ a lot of advanced electric equipments.他们已设计了许多先进的电子设备。（2）The experiment _ the new drug.实验的目的是试验新药。（3）These books are primarily _ the use of beginners.这些书主要是供初学的人使用的。 5fancy adj.奇怪的；异样的vt.想象；设想；爱好n.想象力；幻想；爱好fancy oneself (as sth.) 自命不凡；自负fancyn.(to be)/asn. 认为是fancy (ones) doing 想象(某人)做某事have a fancy for 爱好catch/take ones fancy 合某人的心意；吸引某人take a fancy to sb./sth. 喜欢上/爱上某人/某物Just fancy! 想想看！奇怪！Fancy (that)! 真想不到！真奇怪！fancy dress/clothes 奇装异服Fancy Nancy did not fancy doing fancy work. But fancy Nancys fancy auntie did fancy Nancy doing fancy work. 可爱的南希没有想象到能做出出色的工作，而可爱的南希的漂亮的姑姑的确想象到南希做出了出色的工作。（1）Do you _this evening？今晚你想不想出去？（2）She _ a famous actress.她自以为是个有名的演员。【答案】（1）fancy going out（2）fancied herself(as/to be) 提示：fancy用做动词，有时用于祈使句，表示惊奇，不相信，震惊等，后加名词、代词、动名词等做宾语，如Fancy meeting you here！想不到在这儿遇见你！6. remove vt.移动；搬开(教材)Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace，the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room.在纳粹分子到达夏宫之前，俄罗斯人只能把琥珀屋里的一些家具和小件艺术品搬走。remove from.从上搬开remove.from.从上除去/移走/去掉remove into.搬入remove sth.to.把某物搬到remove ones doubt消除某人的疑虑（1）Remove the mud your shoes before you come in.进来以前把你鞋上的泥弄掉。（2）I am going to remove a new house.我将搬到一间新房子里去。 7worth prep.值得的；相当于的价值n.价值；作用 adj.值钱的(教材)Is it worth rebuilding lost cultural relics such as the Amber Room or Yuanmingyuan in Beijing?重建如琥珀屋或者是北京圆明园这样的文化遗迹值得吗？sth.be worth doing值得做某事be worthmoney值钱be worthn.值得（1）The picture is about two thousand dollars.这幅画约值2 000美元。（2）Furious 7 is worth (watch) a second time.速度与激情7值得再看一次。【答案】（1）worth（2）watching明辨异同worth用作形容词时在句中只能作表语，后接名词或v.ing形式。worthy既可以作表语也可以作定语。作表语时常与of连用，后接名词或v.ing被动形式，还可以接不定式的被动语态。即be worthy of sth.“配得上，称得起”；be worthy of being done或be worthy to be done“值得做”。worth while既可以作表语也可以作定语，后面可以接v.ing形式或动词不定式，即be worthwhile doing/to do sth.“值得做某事”。选词填空（worth，worthy，worthwhile）（1）This secondhand car is $2，000 at the most.（2）Guangzhou is to be visited.（3）It is to go to the Summer Palace for a visit. 8. evidence n.证据；证明；证词；根据(教材)So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial.因此在审判中看法并不是强有力的证据。(1) provide/give evidence for提供的证据There is some/no evidence that.（没）有证据证明in evidence显眼；显而易见(2) evident adj.明显的；明白的Its evident that.很明显There is some evidence that a small amount of alcohol is good for health.有证据显示，少量饮酒有益健康。The first signs of spring are evidence.春天的最初迹象已显而易见。It is evident the party was a failure.很明显这个晚会是失败的。【答案】 in that9. explode vi.爆炸；爆发 vt.使爆炸；使爆发(教材)In April 1945 I heard something explode at midnight.在1945年四月份，我在半夜听到有东西爆炸的声音。（1）explode with.爆发，突发explode with anger勃然大怒，大发脾气explode with laughter哄堂大笑（2）explosion n.爆炸，爆炸声The speakers mistake was so funny that the audience exploded with (laugh)那位演说者的错误如此可笑，以至于听众哄堂大笑。【答案】laughter 学%10. debate n. & vi.争论；辩论(教材)Tips for an informal class debate.组织一场非正式的班级辩论赛的几条建议（1）under debate在辩论中；在讨论中beyond/without debate无可争辩的；毋庸置疑的have a.debate on.关于进行了的辩论（2）debate with sb.on/about/over sth.与某人争论/讨论某事The bill is and hasnt been passed yet.法案还在讨论中，还没有被通过。The truth of this news is debate.这则新闻报道的真实性无可争议。We are having a heated debate the impact of television on children.我们正在就电视对孩子的影响进行热烈的辩论。We debated with them the question till late into the night.我们就这个问题与他们辩论到深夜。二、核心短语回顾1in search of寻找；搜寻(教材)IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM寻找琥珀屋in search ofin ones search for 寻找；搜寻search.for.在里面/身上搜寻search forlook forhunt for 寻找search out 找出某人或某物search through 把仔细搜寻一遍make a search for.搜查，搜寻(1)They started off at once _ the missing girl.他们立即出发，寻找失踪的女孩。(2)The police _ her _ drugs.警察搜查她，看她身上是否有毒品。(3)We have been _ the lost boy all over.我们一直在到处找那失踪的男孩。(4)He _ the book and gave it to me.他找出那本书给了我。(5)He _ (through) his pockets _ a cigarette.他把自己的口袋找遍了，想找到一根香烟。 He searched the drawer in search of his friends telephone number while his friend was searching for his address，too.他搜查抽屉寻找他朋友的电话号码，而他的朋友也正在寻找他的住址。拓展：in honour of 为了纪念；为向表示敬意in praise of 歌颂；表扬in memory of 为纪念in favour of 赞同，支持in place of 代替in charge of 负责in possession of 拥有in control of 控制in face of 面对in need/want of 需要2belong to 属于；为的一员(教材)However，the next King of Prussia，Frederick William ，to whom the amber room belonged，decided not to keep it.然而，下一位普鲁士国王，腓特烈威廉一世，这个琥珀屋的主人，却决定不要它了。(1)That dictionary _ the library.那本词典是图书馆的。(2)Do you _ the trade union？你是工会会员吗？(3)Where do these plates _？这些盘子该放在哪？【答案】（1）belongs to （2）belong to （3）belong 提示：（1）belong to不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时态。to为介词，后接名词或代词作宾语；（2）belong vi. “适合待在某处，放在某处”，没有含被动意味的过去分词用法。（3）belongings n. 财产，所有物，相关事物3in return 作为回报；作为交换(教材)In return，the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers.作为回赠，沙皇送给他一队自己最好的士兵。in return for为作为回报without return 无赚头；无利润by return (接信后)立即回复return sb. sth. (return sth. to sb.) 将某物归还某人return to some place/life 回到某地/复活（1）He gave her some roses _ her kindness.他送给她一些玫瑰答谢她的好意。（2）They let us use their computers, and _ we give them the results of our research.他们让我们使用他们的电脑，作为交换，我们给他们提供我们的研究成果。 4at war处于交战状态at work在上班at play 在玩at peace 处于和平中at school 在上学at breakfast 在吃早饭at table 在吃饭at desk 在学习at rest 静止（1）The two countries have been _ for years.这两国已经打了好几年仗了。（2）_ the insect looks like a dead leaf.这种昆虫不动时看上去像一片枯叶。（3）The countries have been _ for more than a century.这些国家和平共处已有一个多世纪了。提示：(1) on也可以表示“在中”，常见搭配有：on duty/sale/fire/strike/business/show等。(2) under表示“在中”，常见搭配有：under way/control/repair/construction等。5. less than 少于；不到(教材)In less than two days 100，000 pieces were put inside twentyseven wooden boxes.在不到两天的时间里，琥珀屋被拆成10万块装进了27个木箱。(1) no less than多达(强调数量之多，相当于as much as)not less than不少于/至少(一般不与感叹词连用，相当于at least)(2) more than超过no more than仅仅not more than不多于；不超过There are 6，000 students in our school.我们学校的学生至少有6 000名。The violence killed than two dozen people.这次暴力活动杀害了二十多人。【答案】not less than more 6take apart 拆开，拆散(教材P4)The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it.老人看到一些德国人拆除并移走了琥珀屋。take back收回；使回忆起take down拆散；写下，记下take off脱下；起飞take on呈现；开始雇用take over接管；接任take up产生兴趣；开始从事；占用；拿起 （1）John enjoys _ to see how they work.约翰喜欢拆卸东西，以研究它们的工作原理。（2）He dropped medicine and took physics.他放弃学医，开始学物理。（3）Take what you said，or you will regret.收回你说的话，否则，你会后悔的。 拓展：apart 是副词，“相距，相隔；分开，分离；在一边”。还可以构成如下短语：apart from 除以外know/tell. apart 辨认，区别put/set sb./sth. apart (from sb./sth.)使某人/某物显得优越或独特stand apart 分开站live apart 分开住be wide/far apart 相距很远这些短语中，若代词做宾语，要放在动词与 apart 之间。apart from有 besides 和 except 的双重含义。7rather than与其倒不如；是而不是(教材)He/She only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information，which must be facts rather than opinions.他/她关心的只是目击者是否提供了真实的信息，这些信息必须是