2018年高考英语一轮复习语法专题非谓语动词2讲含解析新人教版.docx

非谓语动词（2）非谓语动词考点，是英语高考必考点之一。在高考中主要考查点有：非谓语动词作定语、非谓语动词作状语、动名词作主语、非谓语动词的独立主格结构、非谓语动词短语与状语从句之间的转换等。命题形式：本考点在广东高考中的命题形式主要有：1.语法填空（短文填空）（出现在全国卷中）；2.书面表达解题技巧：解答非谓语动词类试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：非谓语动词是高中英语教学法的重点和难点，也是历届高考的重点项目。命题热点多是借助于基本概念，在语境中考查常用动词的各种非谓语形式以及个性动词后的非谓语形式的不同要求。有时也涉及到非谓语动词逻辑主语的一致性问题以及独立结构中非谓语的各种变化。其考点主要包括：1、考查不定式和动名词作宾语的区别。要求熟记“三类”动词：（1）只能接不定式作宾语的动词。如：seem, attempt, neglect, afford, demand, long, arrange, mean, expect等；（2）只能接动名词作宾语的动词。如：acknowledge, admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, escape, consider, permit, imagine, postpone, risk,等；（3）接不定式和动名词意义有别的动词。如：remember, try, mean, regret等。2、考查不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别。简单地说就是：不定式表示“未来的动作”，现在分词表示“进行的动作”，过去分词表示“完成的动作”。3、考查不定式和分词作状语的区别。（1）结果状语：only to do表示“出乎意料的结果”；thus doing表示“自然而然的结果”。（2）程度状语：be glad（silly，sad，disappointed，satisfied，sorry，surprised）to have done表示“很高兴（愚蠢、难过）做了.”。（3）原因状语：being形容词（过去分词、副词、介词短语、名词）通常在句中表示原因。4、考查分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别。（1）感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式：不带to 的不定式、现在分词和过去分词。（2）leave 后接三种形式作宾补：leave sb doing sth“让某人一直做某事”,;leave sth undone“留下某事未做”; leave sth to be done“留下某事要做”。（3）have, get 后接三种形式作宾补：have/get sth done “使/让某事由别人去做”(叫/让某人做某事);have sb / sth doing “使/让某人/物持续地做某事”(现在分词表示主动或正在进行);get sb / sth doing “使某人/物开始行动起来”;have sb do sth (get sb to do sth) “使/让 /叫某人去做某事”。（4）be said（reported、thought、considered）+ to do sth（据说“要”）/ to be doing sth（据说“正在”）/ to have done sth（据说“已经”）。5、考查非谓语的时态和语态。即，现在分词的一般体和完成体的区别；过去分词和现在分词的区别。6、考查非谓语动词的其它结构。with（out）复合宾语结构、独立主格结构、不定式的复合结构等。 2015年高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，而且对分词的考查仍是重点。试题的测试点将呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度多样化”的趋势，但试题的难度不会太大。考点揭秘1.We got a little_（sunburn），but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.2.“In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little ,always （think）that it was only small and not very important ,and look where we have ended up today.”【答案与解析】thinking, 考查非谓语动词，现在分词形式表伴随。3.He suddenly appeared in class one day, _ (wear) sun glasses.【答案与解析】wearing考查非谓语动词的用法。作伴随状语，描述谓语动词appear的状态，表主动，用现在分词。句意为：一天他突然出现在课堂上，戴着太阳镜。4. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man _ (sit) at the front.【答案与解析】sitting/sit notice sb doing/do sth 5.Even if a grade is not given, the student is responsible for 19. _ (learn) the material assigned. 【答案与解析】learning 此处for是介词，其后用动名词。语法填空练习1.完成下列的语法填空（注意非谓语动词的用法）语法填空（共10题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said_1_ was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months_2_ （early）, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We _3_（tell）that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, _4_ for the week after. I didnt understand _5_ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged_6_ the reservation. Whats worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was _7_（surprise）helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _8_ top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we werent charged extra.The next day, my brother and I went to the beach _9_ we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little_10_（sunburn），but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.1._ 2._3._ 4._ 5._6._ 7._8._ 9._ 10._【答案】1.it2.earlier3.were told4.but5.why6.for7.surprisingly8.the9.where10.sunburned/ sunburnt2.earlier 考查形容词比较级及语境的理解。这里是暗含比较，虽然没有比较连词，但是在到达之前早就预定好的，所以应该用比较级。这个题如果考生没有看出是暗含比较很容易填原形。3.were told考查动词的语态及语境的理解。这里we与tell之间是被动关系，即服务员告诉我们，我们的房间没有预定上。故用were told。这里考生必须理解上文的意思，才能正确判断这个句子的主谓之间的关系。4.but 考查并列连词及语境的理解。服务员告诉我们那周的房间没有预定上而是定了之后一周的房间。这里notbut不是而是，用but表示前后是转折关系。如果考生不能正确理解这句的句意，很难想到用but。8.the 考查冠词。她向我们道歉，并给我们在顶层提供了一个VIP会员房间。这里一个楼层的顶部当然是特指的，所以应该用定冠词the。9.where 考查定语从句。第二天我和弟弟到了海滩，在那里我们看到一些人打篮球。Beach是先行词，where引导的是定语从句，它在从句中作地点状语。这个题需要考生会分析句子成分，掌握关系词在句中的作用。10.sunburned/ sunburnt 考查非谓语动词。我们有点晒黑了。sunburn晒黑，是动词或名词。get被用来代替助动词be，get和过去分词连用，构成被动结构，表示某一事件或事故的发生，着重强调动作。即get + done结构，故用过去分词sunburned/ sunburnt。2.语法填空If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of 1_(great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 2_(achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is often 3 (accept).Most of us are more focused 4 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive as possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling 5 (accomplish).Recent 6 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8 while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely 9 (bring)your work home. It could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, 10 (make)sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.语篇解读：本文为说明文。本文主要介绍了缓解工作压力的一些方法。1.【答案】greater【解析】考查形容词的比较级。根据语境及下文的“and less importance”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级来修饰importance，故填greater。4.【答案】on5.【答案】accomplished【解析】考查过去分词作表语。feel accomplished=feel a sense of achievement感觉到有成就感。6.【答案】studies【解析】考查名词。最新的研究表明，如果我们有规律地短暂休息的话，我们在工作中会变得高效得多。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词为show，为复数形式，且study作“研究，调查”讲时为可数名词，故主语应为复数。故填studies。7.【答案】regularly【解析】考查副词。副词修饰谓语动词take，故填regularly“有规律地”。8.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词在介词短语中的运用。介词短语for a while意为“一会儿”。9.【答案】to bring【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语be likely to do sth.意为“可能做某事”，故填to bring。10.【答案】make【解析】考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列分句。其中第二个分句中，whatever引导让步状语从句，其后为祈使句充当主句。故填make。3.基础习作（适当使用非谓语动词）你接受一项写作任务，要为当地英语晚报写一篇报道。写作内容请根据以下信息写一篇英文报道，内容包括：人物：英国人查理德阿维斯（Richard Avis）出生日期：1974年12月1日时间：2011年开始在世界各地寻找同年同月同日生的人目的：理解不同文化中成功人生的含义相关信息： 借助当地媒体寻找 迄今找到32名，其中男性17名，女性15名，来自13个国