建筑空间与人为行动的相互影响英语论文(学术英语论文).docx

The Interaction of Architectural Spaces and Human Activities建筑空间与人为活动的相互影响Date: November, 2015IntroductionClothes, food, housing and transportation are the four basic necessaries for human beings of all the time. People have already used to live between buildings, and architecture cant develop without the development of the society. Architectural spaces change influenced by the human activities, and vise versa. Outdoor activities and a number of the physical conditions that influence the human activities to a varying degree and in many different ways. Different feelings shown by different spaces, like people will feel repressive when walk across a narrow space , and to give people different feelings, architectural spaces change.I will explain the interaction between architectural spaces and human activities refer to “Life Between Buildings”( by Jan Gehl in 1971 )as my commitment-based explanation .It will be helpful knowing the connection between the architectural space and human activities to design a better architecture.Part One Three Types of Human ActivitiesGreatly simplified, human activities in architectural spaces are divided into three types: necessary activities, spontaneous activities and social activities. The requirement of physical environment to each types is different.1.1 Necessary ActivitiesThe daily routines like going to work, going to school, shopping, waiting, taking mail are all included in necessary activities. In other words, necessary activities are which people have to take part in in varying degree without other choices. For these activities are necessary and people will take part in these activities without thinking about the surrounding environment, physical environment has little influence on it. Therefore, necessary activities will happen under all conditions.1.2 Spontaneous ActivitiesSpontaneous activities take place when it meets right time and place. Only architectural spaces provide a favorable environment which attracts people that people have the willing to linger. This category includes activities like jogging, sunbathing, breathing fresh air and sitting. Almost all the entertainment activities belong to this category. This type of human activity has a close relationship with the physical environment. Therefore, the design of architectural spaces is more essential for spontaneous activities than necessary activities.1.3 Social ActivitiesSocial activities are all activities that depend on the presence of others. People chatting, children playing games, greeting and other public activities belong into this category. Social activities are also called “chain activities”, for social activities come from necessary activities and spontaneous activities at most cases. Therefore, to some degree, changing the requirements of necessary activities or spontaneous activities will have some influence on social activities indirectly. These activities happen when people stay at one architectural space where people have access to get a glimpse of each other or pass by one other. Besides, the more time people stay at one architectural space, the more frequently they meet and the more they talk1. Hence, the plan of architectural spaces is essential for these “chain activities”, for architect can create chances for people to meet through designing the architectural spaces, though it has not direct influence on the quality and content of social contact.1.4 The Relationship between Activities and Physical EnvironmentAs I have mentioned previously, the requirements of physical environment vary through these three types of activities. When the quality of architectural spaces are not satisfying, it only brings about necessary activities. However, when architectural spaces with high quality, the frequency of spontaneous activities increase. Meanwhile, the frequency of social activities rise with the increasing of spontaneous activities.Part Two Peoples Emotional Tendencies in Different Types of Architectural SpacesArchitectural scale is a crucial factor in designing architecture, which has effect on peoples emotional tendencies. Anthropologist Edward T. Hall define a series of social distance in The Hidden Dimension2. “Close distance” (045cm) is a distance which people express strong emotions including gentleness, caress and indignation.“Personal distance” (0.451.30m) is a distance which family members or close friends can talk. For example, dinning tables size is about 90cm width, for people can talk on the dinning table. “Social distance” (1.303.75m) is a distance which friends, neighbors and colleges can talk. At last, “public distance”(3.75m) is a distance which people can just watch and not take part in. Generally, sense of privacy and safety are given by small scale of architectural spaces. On the contrary, huge scale of architectural spaces like broad streets and skyscraper bring about the feeling of apartness. Architectural spaces with different length-width-height ratio will also give rise to various feelings. People will feel repressive when the ratio is improper. For example, the roof is too low or the passage is too narrow. Besides, people prefer to stay at a place where is orthodox and traditional . In other words, people would not stay at a place with skew walls , for it implies danger and makes people feel unsafe. Therefore, skew space always means dynamic space. Another factor which can connect peoples emotions are color and material. Apathy emerged from dead color like black and charcoal gray. By contrast, bright color like white will make people feel relax.Concrete calms people down and wood brings about people a sense of home. Architectural spaces designed varies with function, for villas scale is smaller than exhibition halls and passages can be designed with skew wall which drive people to go across. Only deal with these factors properly can design a better architecture which can increase spontaneous activities and social activities.Part Three How to Create Proper Architectural Spaces for Human ActivitiesHuman activities actually can be self-strengthened. When someone begins to do something, others will apparently indicates a tendency of participation, for he will take part in it personally or try to figure out what the participant doing. Therefore, every one, every activity can affect and stimulate other people or activities to some degree. Once this process is happen, hole activity will be more extensive, more complex and more vibrant than the beginning of this activity. So activities happen when activities happen. It can also explain the phenomenon of new buildings without vitality. Children would rather stay at home watching television than go outside and the old can not enjoy the special time on the bench watching children playing. Hence, to improve this phenomenon and provide better physical environment, architectural spaces designing is essential. There are two ways to improve the level of human activities: bring more people to stay at the same place; encourage people to stay at more time. Skew spaces, narrow spaces and other architectural spaces which will bring people uncomfortable feelings can drive people to a place which makes people comfortable. Therefore, more people will come to one place which is designed for people to have activities. Capacious spaces, interesting spaces drive people to stay.Conclusion Architectural space is created for human bei