《托福写作基础班》word版.docx

保存讲义 打印讲义 托福基础写作精讲班第1讲讲义新托福写作简介新托福写作简介 阅读(Reading)：有3-5篇文章 （60-100M） 听力(Listening)：取消了短对话 （60-90M） Break :10M,吃苹果或香蕉 口试(Speaking)：把TSE(Test of Spoken English)融合在新托福中，6道题/20M 写作(Writing：两篇作文（55M-1H) 加试题：阅读和听力 总时间：4H（选择对自己有力的时间） IBT 80 = 老托550 IBT100= 老托600 托福网考考试费人民币1370元 逾期报名附加费人民币200元 转考费人民币320元 恢复已取消的成绩人民币160元 成绩增送费（每份）人民币136元 报名：, 考试网站() 身份证，护照， 考试后15个工作日出成绩 Integrated Writing (250)，非短期 Independent Writing = TWE (350) 分数转化： Raw Score 0-5 - Scaled Score 0-30 5=30,4.75=29,4.50=28,4.25=27,4=25 3.75=24,3.50=22,3.25=21,3.00=20 2.25=18,2.50=17,2.25=15 Time : 20M reading : 230-300 words / 3m listening :230-300 words / 2m20s (lecture) 表明听力的内容是什么，表明听力内容和阅读内容的关系；切记发表个人见解。保存讲义 打印讲义 托福基础写作精讲班第2讲讲义 句子结构划分句子结构划分Independent Writing 5分评分标准：In this response the writer first approaches the topic by underscoring that a number of character traits are important to relationship . The writer then effectively develops an argument that unlike other negative behaviours , dishonesty or unwillingness to full disclose some bad action can not be forgiven and can be the most important factor in destroying a relationship . The writers language is fluent , accurate , and varied enough to effectively support the progression and connection of ideas . There is variety of sentence structures , including rhetorical questions . The essay is not mechanically perfect , but as long as such errors are occasional , minor , and do not interfere with the readers understanding , an essay like this one can still earn a top score . The well-developed essay meets all the criteria for earning a score of 5 . The writer develops the topic through a detailed discussion of independence and of the suitability of living independently . The essay is unified and coherent . Sentence structure is varied , especially in paragraphs 2 and 3 . The writer does not use high-level vocabulary , but word choice is correct throughout . There are minor errors , but these in no way interrupt the flow or meaning of essay . This essay has a rather informal , conversational tone and an argument that is coherently and fully developed . Sentence structure is varied throughout , and the writer consistently demonstrates command of language and English idioms , especially by using various informal expressions . The essay meets all the criteria for a score of 5 . 中英文对比中英文对比中文：情感分段“一切的一，一的一切”都沉寂了。 人们都等待着，等待着奥运钟声的响起。从它响起的那一刻，中华大地沸腾了它带了梦想，带来了兴旺。 在申奥成功的那天夜晚，欢喜和激动的我做了一个梦。梦中我来到了一个神秘而广袤的森林，遇到了五个亲密而又可爱的小伙伴，闪闪发光的那个站在中间，其他四个小伙围在他的四周，在他的照耀下共享着甜美的晚餐。 我来到旁边同他们交流一番后，才知道他们是奥运五福娃，然后问道：“你们是中国奥运的象征，那么奥运会的举办将会给你们带来什么呢？” 福娃贝贝张着大嘴，一蹦一跳地说：“它能让我喝到更新鲜、更纯净的水，更活泼、更健康地自由穿梭在绿水之间，游遍祖国的江河湖海，并带着我的祝福繁荣，游向更宽阔、更遥远的海洋，直到生命的最后一刻。” 英文：逻辑分段Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island. We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines. Life there is simple and good. Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work. The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. Life on a desert island is wretched. You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, waiting for a boat which never comes. Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few of us have had the opportunity to find out. Modern sculpture rarely surprises us any more. The idea that modern art can only be seen in museums is mistaken. Even people who take no interest in art cannot have failed to notice examples of modern sculpture on display in public places. Strange forms stand in gardens, and outside buildings and shops. We have got quite used to them. Some so-called modern pieces have been on display for nearly fifty years.保存讲义 打印讲义 托福基础写作精讲班第3讲讲义 主语主语：名词作主语：Old people should offer young people opportunities to practice their abilities and talents . 代词作主语：We should not overestimate or deny either of them . 动名词作主语：Smoking is just a personal hobby and for entertainment . It 形式主语：It is hard to come to an absolute conclusion . 从句作主语：It is obvious that wearing uniforms would make school life dull and monotonous . 谓语谓语：They insist that the practice of censorship should be abolished . Children should achieve success through their own efforts . Advertising adds to the cost of goods . In other aspects , computer affects peoples daily life and does harm to people . Nowadays , more and more people agree that smoking is an unwholesome hobby , which is equivalent to suicide . 保存讲义 打印讲义 托福基础写作精讲班第4讲讲义 表语表语：名词或名词短语作表语：Censorship is a violation of peoples freedom of expression . 形容词作表语：The methods of farming and slaughter of these animals are often barbaric and cruel . 形容词作表语：Love is time-consuming and tears students away from learning , the students main task . 不定式作表语：What we should do is to tell children how to solve these problems properly . that 从句作表语：What they emphasize is that formal examinations are harmful to students creativity . 宾语宾语：名词作宾语：Junk food impairs peoples health . 动名词可以作宾语：You have even started bringing work home and you keep working until the wee hours of the morning . that 从句作宾语：Studies reveal that there is a definite link between smoking and some serious diseases such as lung cancer and heart disease . 双宾语：It brings us a lot of pleasure and amusement .保存讲义 打印讲义 托福基础写作精讲班第5讲讲义 定语定语：中文： 的 = 定语 + 名词英文：形容词 adj. + N It is hard to come to an absolute conclusion . 完全的，绝对的N + prep. 短语In recent years , the Internet has been gaining popularity at an amazing rate . Individuals with limited budgets usually get their priorities right . N + 定语从句 Those people who strongly oppose the practice claim that it violates peoples basic rights of working . 状语状语： 中文：上个礼拜，我去看电影。英文：Last week , I went to the cinema . = I went to the cinema last week . 介词短语作状语。According to the laws , advertisements must be completely truthful and healthy . 不定式做目的状语。To dispel loneliness and kill the time , they can cultivate some other hobbies such as growing flowers , collecting stamps and learning to paint . 非谓语V-ing 作状语，表达和主语是主动关系。Living far away from home , one will suffer from loneliness and homesickness . Conj. + 从句 = 一个状语。I still like to travel with friends because I think the most important thing during travel is to get pleaaure and relaxation . 保存讲义 打印讲义 托福基础写作精讲班第6讲讲义 同位语同位语：解释说明名词短语作同位语解释前面的一个名词Shopping , a necessary activity in everyday life , is more convenient in the city . Love can tear stundents away from learning , the students main task . 同位语从句But the disadvantage of this solution lies in the fact that too much land that could be used for farming or housing will inevitably be occupied by more and more roads . 补语补语：We consider compulsory military service a violation of human rights . Cloning technoloy can make humans redundant , replaceable and even extinct . I find the employment situation frustrating . 写作中V的种类：主语 + V ：不及物V Views on the issue in question vary from person to person . The Era of Globalization has already come . 主语 + V + 宾语 ； 及物动词They are discussing the benefits and risks of smoking . The chemical waste endangers peoples health . The advocates render the reasons for their position . 主语 +V + 宾语 + 宾补 ； 带补语的动词We can show them that earning money is not easy , and they should spend the money carefully . We consider the practice of censorship a violation of human rights . We never found it difficult to occupy our spare time . Every scene on the screen keeps me up-to-date . Art funding may make artists shift the focus from creativity to pleasing funding bodies . 主语 + sb. sth. Learning foreign languages just offers us such a good approach . Raising pets gives them great happiness and helps relieve their pressure and depression . 主语 + be + 表语Overpopulatin could become a serious worldwide threat . Environmental protection and the protection of biodiversity are a luxury for developing nations . They believe the violence they see is normal and acceptable . Taking animals as the source of food and clothes appears much more practical . 保存讲义 打印讲义 托福基础写作精讲班第7讲讲义 宾语从句In this response the writer first approaches the topic by underscoring that a number of character traits are important to relationship . The writer then effectively develops an argument that unlike other negative behaviours , dishonesty or unwillingness to full disclose some bad action can not be forgiven and can be the most important factor in destroying a relationship . The writers language is fluent , accurate and varied enough to effectively support the progression and connection of ideas . There is a variety of sentence structures , including rhetorical questions . The essay is not mechanically perfect , but as long as such errors are occasional , minor , and do not interfere with the readers understanding , an essay like this one can still earn a top scoer . IBT写作常用句型：宾语从句：They want to imitate what they see . 他们想模仿他们看到东西。Form friends , we can learn what we need . 我们从朋友那里学到了我们需要的东西。Studies reveal that there is a definite link between smoking and some serious diseases such as lung cancer and heart disease . 研究表明，在吸烟和一些严重的疾病如肺癌和心脏病之间，有明确的联系。They insist that the practice of censorship should be abolished . 他们认为审查的行为应该被废除掉。Some think that the school should be more responsible for childrens education compared with the parents . 一些人认为，与父母相比，学校更应负责孩子的教育。We need to know where we can buy these products . 我们需要知道我们在哪里能够买到这些产品。Some people suggest that the old peoples children have the obligation to look after their old parents . 一些人认为，子女有义务照看他们的父母。保存讲义 打印讲义 托福基础写作精讲班第8讲讲义 定语从句（一）定语从句：关系代词作宾语，关系代词可省略The main reason why everyone can see , is that television presents a vivid world in front of us . 每个人你能看到的主要原因是，电视在我们面前展示了一个生动形象的世界。Another factor we must consider is that television plays an educational role in our daily lives . 我们必须考虑到一个因素是电视在我们的日常生活中起到教育的作用。Those people who strongly oppose the practice claim that it violates peoples baisc rights of working . 强烈反对这种做法的人声称它侵犯了人们基本的工作权利。Those who welcome the Internet hold that it brings us great convenience and efficiency . 赞成网络的人认为它给我们带来了很大的方便和效率。There are many other factors that bring about the problem . 有许多导致这个问题的其它因素。There are still some people who hold that we should travel with friends . 还有一些人认为我们应该和朋友一起去旅行。They believe the violence they see is normal and acceptable . 他们认为他们所看到的暴力是正常的和可以接受的。During a short vacation , the only thing I can do is to stay at home , sleep , eat and make myself fatter and fatter . 在短假期间，我能做的唯一的事就是待在家里，又吃又睡，使自己越来越胖。We live in a country where people enjoy their legal rights . 我们生活在人们享有合法权利的国家。There are numerous reasons why I hold this opinion . 我之所以持有这种观点有很多原因的。I hit upon an article in which some people hold that students should wear uniforms every day . 我看到一篇文章，其中写道，一些人认为中学生应该每天穿校服。保存讲义 打印讲义 托福基础写作精讲班第9讲讲义 定语从句（二）In kindergartens , there are many educational facilities from which children can benefit . 在幼儿园里，有许多教育设施，孩子们可以从中受益。The critics argue that the practice does not coincide with the present-day civilized world in which liberty and individuality are highly worshiped . 批评家们认为这种做法与目前高度尊崇自由和个性的文明社会不一致。They want to imitate what they see , which is sometimes dangerous . 他们想要模仿他们所看到的东西，这在有时候是危险的。Mothers can concerntrate on their work and advance their careers , which is also helpful to social development . 母亲们可以集中精神工作，发展她们的事业，这对社会发展也是有利的。It is a controversial question , which has aroused heated discussion among people . 这是一个有争议的问题，它引起了人们热烈的讨论。Nowadays , more and more people agree that smoking is an unwholesome hobby , one that is equivalent to committing suicide . 现在，越来越多的人同意吸引是一个不健康的爱好，它等同于自杀。The elderly can look after their grandchildren , which may , to some degree , relieve the pressure from the younger generation . 老年人可以照看他们的孙辈，这也会在一定程度上减轻了年轻人的压力。Some students spend too much time playing computer games , which is harmful to their health and has a negative influence on their studies . 一些学生在玩电脑游戏上花费了太多的时间，这对他们的身体健康有害，也影响了他们的学习。保存讲义 打印讲义 托福基础写作精讲班第10讲讲义 状语从句状语从句：连词I still like to travel with friends because I think the most important thing during a trip is to get pleasure and relaxation . 我还是喜欢和朋友们一起旅游，因为我认为在旅游中最重要的事是得到快乐和休息。I think it is sagacious to raise pets because it is beneficail in many ways . 我认为饲养宠物是明智的，因为这在很多方面都有好处。Some people suggest that we shouldnt help the adventurers because any kind of help would ruin their pleause of exploring . 一些人认为我们不应该帮助探险者，因为任何形式的帮助都会破坏探险的乐趣。Nowadays people face fierce competition and suffer greatly from lifes pressure , so they spend little time with their families . 现在，人们面临激烈的竞争，承受着巨大的压力，所以几乎没有时间和家人在一起。Most people marry and have children , so they need a steady , reliable income because of their family responsibilities . 大多数人结婚并有孩子，所以鉴于家庭责任感，他们需要稳定可靠的收入。When one finishes his study abroad , he will have more opportunities for his future carreer . 当一个人在国外完成留学时，他将会有更多机会来拓展未来的事业。Telephones are very convenient ,especailly when we have an urgent situation . 电话变得很方便，特别是当我们有急事的时候。Although it is indispensable to human beings , it has also brought a lot of inconvience . 尽管它对人类必不可少，它也给我们带来了很多不变。While the small family has a unique advantage , it can not compete with the large family 虽然小家庭有独特的优点，但它在很多方面不能和大家庭竞争。Most people marry and have children , so they need a steady ,reliable income because of their family responsibilities , even if they are dissatisfied with their jobs . 大多数人结婚并且有孩子，所以他们为了他们的家庭责任需要稳定可靠的收入，即使他们不满意他们现在的工作。Reasonable and attractive as the opinion seems , it does not hold water . 这个观点虽然看起来有道理并吸引人，但是它经不起推敲。Nowadays , people face fierce competition and suffer greatly from lifes pressure , so they spend little time with their families even though they want to . 现在，人们面临激烈的竞争，承受着巨大的压力，所有几乎没有时间和家人在一起，虽然他们想这么做。If somking is totally banned , more serious problems such as unemployment will arise . 如果吸烟被全面禁止，更严重的问题将会产生如失业。If you leave your present job , you will have to start at a much lower position . 如果你离开现在的工作，你不得不从一个低职位从新开始。If we tear down the old builidings , wer are ruining the cultural heritage and the traditional vaules as well .) 如果我们推到老建筑，我们就破坏了文化遗产和传统价值。If they continue to work in a way their health permits , old people can still make a great contribution to the sociey . 如果他们继续以他们的健康允许的方式工作，老年人仍然会为社会做很大的贡献。保存讲义 打印讲义 托福基础写作精讲班第11讲讲义 动名词短语动名词短语：Smoking is just a personal hobby and entertainment . Playing games does not require students to use any of their creativity . Nowadays , rasing pets such as dogs and cats in big cities is becoming more and more popular . Many students are not used to taking care of themselves . Family plays an important role in shaping childrens characters . Living on campus is beneficial to the students not only academically but also psychologically . 分词短语分词短语：Living far away from homes , one will suffer from loneliness and homesickness . They spend too much time in front of television , ignoring their studies , outdoor activities and even their family . Campared with a large family , a small family has a unique advantage . Nowadays , there are more and more young people going to study abroad . You can always see young people and even adults addictied to computer games . There are some disadvantages brought about by raising pets . Children are hurt by pets raised by their family . Smoking costs a large sum of money , laying a huge economic burden on the smokers family . The commodities and services provided by society have become more diversifiied . 保存讲义 打印讲义 托福基础写作精讲班第12讲讲义 不定式短语不定式短语 ：It is hard to come to an absolute conclusion . 作主语It is inevitable for the old to have a generation gap with ther children . The practice of censorship helps (to ) maintain a stable and orderly society . 作宾语What we should do is to tell the children how to solve these problems properly . 作表语To dispel loneliness and kill time , they can cultivate some other hobbies such as growing flowers , collecting stamps and learning to paint . 作目的状语It brings us serious problems to solve . 作宾补介词短语介词短语 ：According to the law , advertisements must be completely truthful and healthy . 作状语Thanks to the development of medical science , people live longer than before . 作原因状语With the limited budget , the government is unable to invest much money in education . 作原因状语With the development of society and the improvement of peoples living standard , a lot of changes have taken place in their daily life . 作伴随状语Without formal examinations , it will be hard for universities to select qualified candidates . 作条件状语。保存讲义 打印讲义 托福基础写作精讲班第13讲讲义 并列句并列句 ：Solving the problem of traffic jams is not an easy job and I do not think any individual or organization can easily handle it . Some people are indulged by raising pets and they would feel uncomfrotable and lonely if they were forbidden to do so . With the steady growth in the countrys economy as well as the peoples living standard , th