毕业论文-丰田卡罗拉起动困难的故障诊断流程设计.doc

毕业设计类别 工艺设计 汽车工程学院毕业设计丰田卡罗拉起动困难的故障诊断流程设计指导教师 学生姓名 专业名称 汽车电子技术 班级名称 汽电1202班 2015年 6 月湖南交通职业技术学院毕业设计目 录1. 预约与准备工作11.1工作任务描述11.2预约11.3准备工作11.3.1工具、量具11.3.2耗材12.接车与制单22.1接车22.2制单53.故障维修与诊断流程74.交车与结账94.1质检/内部交车94.2交车/结帐105.跟踪与总结135.1跟踪135.2总结13参考文献141 丰田卡罗拉启动困难的故障诊断流程设计1. 预约与准备工作 1.1工作任务描述 一汽丰田2012款卡罗拉1.6GL手动炫装版，行驶31509公里。客户反应，发动机在冷车状态下起动性能差，但是当发动机起动以后，发动机起动性能良好。1.2预约 一汽湘潭力天丰田4S店服务预约登记表客户姓名联系电话预约时间预约内容车型车牌号到厂时间服务顾问1.3准备工作 1.3.1工具、量具工具车、汽车专用万用表、大头针、汽车故障诊断仪、皮带张紧表、手电筒、防护目镜等等。 1.3.2耗材翼子板罩布、前罩布、三角木、座垫套布、方向盘套、脚垫、ND-OIL 8型冷冻机油、R134a型制冷剂、医用橡胶手套等等。2.接车与制单2.1接车服务顾问（SA）与客户进行交流，询问车辆的使用情况、故障现象及车辆的历史维修记录等；并检查车辆的行驶里程、发动机号、车架号和车辆的外观损伤情况，并将相关信息填写至表1中，完成待修车辆的信息登记。疑难故障车辆预检单用户及车辆基本信息联系人姓名联系电话进厂日期车 牌 号行驶里程km具体车型领证日期是否返修是 第_次维修 否发动机号底盘号客户主诉：初步判断故障可能发生在：发动机 变速箱 空调 暖风 电气电路 底盘 转向系 行驶系 制动系 内饰/附件 其他：故障出现时车辆所处的外部环境：晴天 雨天 雪天 夏季 冬季 其他_早晨 日间 正午 夜间 隔夜 所有时段 其他： 高速公路 城市环路 普通街道 山路 乡村土路 坡道 搓板路 碎石路 减速带 有坑路 其他路况: 故障出现时车辆的运行状况：冷车 热车 都有 其他_怠速 低速 中速 高速 都有 _km/h左右负载：单人驾驶 2-3人乘坐 满员 其他_档位：P R N D 5 4 3 2 1（L）用电设备使用情况：空调 暖风或加热设备 前照灯 雾灯 音响 其他设备：方向盘：直行 向左 向左满转 向右 向右满转 快转 慢转 其他_刹车：猛踩刹车 轻踩刹车 转弯踩刹车 其他：离合器：切开 接合，半接合，其他：其他：该故障具体表现：怠速：_r/min 正常 喘振 游车 不稳 车抖 无怠速 其他：加速：良好 无力 车抖 熄火 爆震 其他_ 制动：正常 无制动 反应迟缓 ABS报警尾气：正常 超标 NOX_ppm HC_ppm CO2_vol O2_vol CO_vol N_r/min T_C _水温：正常 偏低（80C）偏高（110C）_C异响：摩擦声 碰撞声 金属声 漏气声 其他: 异响频率：连续响 一声 具体描述：电气：电路故障 漏电 无电 空调：不制冷 制冷不凉 异味 暖风：无暖风 暖风不热 异味故障部位：正前方 左前 右前 正后方 左后 右后 车厢内 车下 具体说明：首次出现该故障日期： 出现频率：偶尔 每天 间隔几天 无规则 具体说明：是否在其他修理厂对该故障进行过维修：是 _次 修理内容： 否其他：对于以上内容，用户确认签字： 日期： 服务顾问预检过程和结论： 服务顾问签字：（高级）综合诊断技师诊断过程和结论： 技师签字：建议客户： *重大项目：修理 不修理* 一般项目：修理 不修理* 潜在项目：修理 不修理技师签字： 用户签字：2.2制单 维修技师进行故障预判断，将维修车辆和委托维修项目估算协议单交给服务顾问（SA）。湘潭力天丰田汽车销售服务有限公司委托维修项目估算协议单维修日期： 年 月 日 时 分车牌：车型：班组：发动机号：颜色：调度：车架号：本次里程数：用户故障陈述:故障发生状况委托维修项目工时费必要零件零件费行驶速度 发生频率 发生时间 部 位 路面状况 天 气 声音描述 本故障是否有在本店维修过或在其他店维修过： SA:请问你的车辆在使用过程中还有其他问题吗？ 有 无 旧件处理： 取回 放弃 保险回收估算合计：预定交车日期： 月 日 时 分延时交车日期： 月 日 时 分 SA确认： 客等 保修 保险 洗车1 本人完全确认本单所列之维修项目并授权贵公司修理；同意贵公司因维修的需要在公路上进行必要的行驶检验。2 本人完全了解并接受本单委托维修协议中的各项条款。顾客签字： 服务顾问：电 话： 电 话： 委托维修协议1本单所预计维修内容仅供参考，结算时按实际维修项目以结算为准。2贵重物品：在将车辆交给我店检查修理前，已提示贵重物品自行收起并保存好，如有遗失概不负责。3检测费说明：本次检测的故障如用户在本店维修，检测费包含在维修费内；如用户不在本店维修，请你支付本次检测费：￥ 3.故障维修与诊断流程 首先，从进气歧管上拆下冷起动喷油器，将它向外安装，接上输油管，插上线束插头，并从起动机上拆下起动开关线（使起动机不能工作），然后把点火开关转到起动档，冷起动喷油器喷出一束汽油后停止。拆下冷起动喷油器的线束插头如图1所示，用试灯的两脚分别插入线束插头的插孔内，将点火开关转到起动位置，试灯闪烁一次后熄灭。试验完毕后接上起动机开关。图 1喷油嘴插头 利用发动机故障自诊断系统检查发动机控制系统中是否存在故障。用一根导线跨接发动机检查插接器中的“TE1”和“E1”两端子，打开点火开关，此时，仪表盘的报警灯显示的故障为22、42、和43.为了确认故障码的是否真实，先清除所有的故障码，然后进行道路试车。经过一段距离的试车后在重新确认故障码，此时仪表盘上的故障报警灯显示的为43.故障码为43表示起动开关信号电路、起动机或ECU有故障。由于起动机能正常工作，汽车热车时行驶也正常，ECU损坏的可能性不大。因而最大的可能是起动开关信号电路有故障。经全面检查起动机开关信号电路，发动机冷起动控制电路如图2所示及相关的电路。图 2 起动控制电路发现如下问题：从起动继电器到电路 继电器“STA”端子间的电路正常，但是从开路继电器“STA”端子到ECU端子间的导线中断：从ECU上“STA”端子到电路开路继电器“STA”端子之间的导线对地短路，从而使ECU接收不到，STA信号，ECU故障自诊断系统检测到此故障后输出故障码43.从冷起动温度时间开关上“STJ”端子到ECU上“STJ”端子之间导线不通。 以上原因是造成发动机冷起动困难的原因。维修后重新试验冷起喷油，故障排除。4.交车与结账车辆维修完毕，告知车主可能的故障原因及相关费用。服务顾问通知客户提车，与客户确认故障被排除，双方确认更换的零件和处理方法，客户验收后，通知客户结账，并告知客户车辆保养建议。 4.1质检/内部交车保养/故障质检与内部交车确认单属性车牌号码维修合同号作业属性保养维修终检结果存在问题：解决方案;终检结论：故障维修1装配的零部件、总成及附件应装配齐全，并按照原厂的装配标准安装；2操作系统操纵轻便、准确，连接部位无松旷、异响，制动踏板和手制动自由行程应符合出厂标准返修3各润滑密封符合出厂标准，无漏油、漏水、漏电现象4发动机启动正常，各种转速正常、无异响合格5仪表、灯光、信号、标志齐全，工作正常，无故障码，轮胎气压（包括备胎）符合出厂标准 4.2交车/结帐结算单 结算日期：客户酱油委托书号123456789牌照号383838联系人同上电话138383838移动电话2222222地址酱油坡底盘号SV22进厂日期2012.10.25发票号123456车型卡罗拉行驶里程31509km发动机号QG18下次保养时间 回访方式 TEL下次保养里程 回访时间 维修项目修理项目代码 项目名称 工时 工时费 项目属性 123456789 更换活塞环 60 3000元 大修应收工时费 3000 实收 3000备件材料备件代码备件名称数量计量单位金额性质发动机大修包1700活塞环500机油120防冻液120汽油10升100密封胶100化油器清洗剂40除锈剂70应收材料费 1680元 实收 1680元应收工时费：3000管理费：702其他费用1：实收工时费：3000辅材费：其他费用2：应收材料费：1680包工费：其他费用3：实收材料费：1680施救费：合计金额5382欠收金额欠收金额本次收款5382大写伍仟叁佰捌拾贰圆整建议维修项目维修项目代码建议维修项目名称工时费材料费备注尊敬的客户：建议您尽快为您的爱车实施以上建议维修项目，以保障车况良好和驾驶安全！如因为实施以上项目而导致的车辆、人员等损失，本公司概不负责！ 温馨提示：提醒下次保养里程_下次保养时间_提醒客户预约电话_24小时服务电话_我们将在48小时内，在您方便的时段，以您喜欢的方式对我们的服务质量进行回访！地址：开户行：邮编：账号：电话：税号：结算:户名：服务顾问：酱油同桌服务总监：王总说明：暂不开发票时请声明并保留此单据，此联不作报销凭证，备件质量担保索赔必须提供结算单及发票。打印日期： 2012年 10 月 27 日 时 分用户签名：_5.跟踪与总结5.1跟踪客户姓名车牌号联系电话维修单号出厂时间车辆使用情况工作人员态度工作人员效率工作人员业务水平对店/站满意度意见与建议一汽丰田湘潭力天丰田4S店回访记录表5.2总结丰田卡罗拉拉发动机结构如图5-1所示，曲柄连杆机构，配气机构、燃料供给系、润滑系、冷却系、点火系和起动系组成。图5-1 丰田卡罗拉发动机结构图要使发动机由静止状态过渡到工作状态，必须用外力转动发动机的曲轴，使气缸内吸入(或形成)可燃混合气并燃烧膨胀，工作循环才能自动进行。曲轴在外力作用下开始转动到发动机开始自动地怠速运转的全过程，称为发动机的起动。发动机起动的方法很多，汽车发动机常用的电动机起动是用电动机作为机械动力，当将电动机轴上的齿轮与发动机飞轮周缘的齿圈啮合时，动力就传到飞轮和曲轴，使之旋转。电动机本身又用蓄电池作为能源。目前绝大多数汽车发动机都采用电动机起动。汽车发动机虽然结构复杂，零件繁多，但只要认真的学习，全面系统的深入了解，掌握其工作原理，排故时，接合故障分析仪和维修手册，按照程序，认真的总结经验，不草率的放过每个疑点，相信解决发动机的疑难杂症时会更加容易。参考文献1 李春明、焦传君汽车构造J 、北京理工大学出版社、2013、2仇雅莉、张松青汽车故障诊断技术J、电子工业出版社、2011、3刘艳莉、张军汽车故障诊断方法与维修技术J、 北京理工大学出版社.2008、为你提供优秀的毕业论文参考资料，请您删除以下内容，O(_)O谢谢！A large group of tea merchants on camels and horses from Northwest Chinas Shaanxi province pass through a stop on the ancient Silk Road, Gansus Zhangye city during their journey to Kazakhstan, May 5, 2015. The caravan, consisting of more than 100 camels, three horse-drawn carriages and four support vehicles, started the trip from Jingyang county in Shaanxi on Sept 19, 2014. It will pass through Gansu province and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, and finally arrive in Almaty, formerly known as Alma-Ata, the largest city in Kazakhstan, and Dungan in Zhambyl province. The trip will cover about 15,000 kilometers and take the caravan more than one year to complete. The caravan is expected to return to Jingyang in March 2016. Then they will come back, carrying specialty products from Kazakhstan A small art troupe founded six decades ago has grown into a household name in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. In the 1950s, Ulan Muqir Art Troupe was created by nine young musicians, who toured remote villages on horses and performed traditional Mongolian music and dances for nomadic families. The 54-year-old was born in Tongliao, in eastern Inner Mongolia and joined the troupe in 1975.He says there are 74 branch troupes across Inner Mongolia and actors give around 100 shows every year to local nomadic people. I can still recall the days when I toured with the troupe in the early 80s. We sat on the back of pickup trucks for hours. The sky was blue, and we couldnt help but sing the folk songs, Nasun says. The vastness of Inner Mongolia and the lack of entertainment options for people living there, made their lives lonely. The nomadic people were very excited about our visits, Nasun recalls. We didnt have a formal stage. The audience just sat on the grass. Usually, the performances became a big party with local people joining in. For him, the rewarding part about touring isnt just about sharing art with nomadic families but also about gaining inspiration for the music and dance. Ulan Muqir literally translates as red burgeon, and todays performers of the troupe still tour the regions villages and entertain nomadic families, but their fame has spread around the world. On May 16 and 17, nearly 100 singers and dancers from the troupe performed at Beijings Poly Theater. Their show, titled Ulan Muqir on the Grassland, depicted the history and development of the art troupe. Being from the region allowed me to embrace the culture of Inner Mongolia and being a member of the troupe showed me where I belonged, Nasun, the art troupes president, who is also a renowned tenor, tells China Daily. During a tour in 1985, he went to a village and met an elderly local man, who told him a story about his friendship with a solider from Shenyang, capital of Northeast Chinas Liaoning province, decades ago. The solider gave the old man a handmade saddle when they bid farewell. The story inspired Nasun to write Carved Saddle, a song that later became one of his most popular numbers. Now, every year, Nasun recruits young singers and dancers for the troupe. The troupe has also designed a new repertoire, which is mostly based on the daily lives of Mongolian people, especially the lives of nomadic families, and has combined contemporary musical elements with folk songs of the region. Haimu, a 25-year-old khoomei (a local variant of overtone singing) singer, joined the troupe three years ago. Along with a six-member band, he performs fast songs and soft ones that he writesall while playing the horse-head fiddle.Although I learned the piano since childhood and grew up listening to various kinds of music, to me, the folk music of Inner Mongolia is the root, he says. Performing in remote villages is pleasant. I feel at home on the boundless grasslands, and the warm people there make me feel fulfilled. The first round of spring auction season in Beijing ended last week, but it failed to create much spring in the art market. Although two pieces of Chinese painting fetched more than 100 million yuan, the decline in trading volume and sale rate showed a downturn this year. In the “Grand View: Chinese Painting Highlight” session at China Guardian 2015 spring auctions, Pan Tianshous representative work Eagle, Rock and Flora hit a record auction price of 279 million yuan, while Li Kerans masterwork Jinggang Mountain fetched 126.5 million yuan, an unexpected high in recent years. However, the trading volume fells to 1.87 billion yuan from 2.22 billion yuan in the same period the year before. The Huangchen 2015 Spring Auctions, which recorded 42.5 million yuan in total sales, experienced the same. The section number went down to 5 from 12 compared to last year. According to expert Shao Jianwu, the art market did not attract much excitement this year due to the booming stock market and the persistent problems of forgery and fake deals. The two pieces of Chinese painting notched up high price this spring due to their own value not due to a revival in the market. The successful transaction of two works with a hammer price of more than 100 million yuan once again confirms that valuable and rare works of high quality always earn the long-lasting high price. Chinese painting and calligraphy is still the pillar of the market. However, the overall sales rate has dropped slightly, which reflects the demand for the ordinary auction goods has weakened,” said the president of China Guardians Hu Yanyan. Besides, the entry of new buyers also makes certain changes to the direction of purchasing. In a word, the overall market trend is very unpredictable. Although China Guardian 2015 Spring Auctions has achieved remarkable results, it does not mean that the market has walked out of the predicament. We still have to wait for the big economic boom to invigorate the art market.” Even so, the hot pursuit of some special items appeared this spring. A special session of China Guardian Spring Auctions titled “Fine GiltBronze Buddhist Images” achieved a great deal with total sales volume of 41.89 million yuan and 92 percent sale rate. The 5th Shamar Rinpoche Statue from 16-17th century of Tibet was sold for 5.06 million yuan. The Beijing Chengxuan Auctions featured almost 2,800 items of coins and stamps in three sessions with good sale rate. The Huachen Auctions also set a special session of photographs under the condition of large-scale decline of auction sessions. There was a palpable dull thud of disappointment that accompanied the return of the imperial entourage of Zhen Huan to her homeland. It followed a couple years of hushed excitement as Chinese fans were fed tidbits about their proud concubine who was supposed to conquer the high ground of the North American market. Zhen Huan is, of course, the title character of The Legend of Zhen Huan, a 2011 television series that swept China off its feet and later took other Asian countries by storm. Two years ago, it was reported that HBO, a premium cable service headquartered in the United States, was going to air it in North America after some modification. Now, a condensed version that provides English subtitles but no dubbing has finally been made available on Netflix for online streaming. This version, highly anticipated as a milestone in Chinas cultural foray overseas, has been widely panned by its home audience. Retitled Empresses in the Palace, the American version has been shortened from its original 76 episodes at 45 minutes each, to six 90-minute episodes. The quick pacing threw off many native viewers, who are accustomed to a more leisurely daytime-soap-style narrative rhythm. (Chinese TV stations would run two or three episodes every day.) I did not finish the full-length version and found the truncated one not difficult to follow. Whats lost, I believe, are the interesting setups and pauses that illuminate the Chinese art of storytelling. Much of the plot is still there. It is the flavor that was sacrificed. The American edition uses the framework of the Empress Dowager in her senior years reminiscing at the beginning and the end of each episode, hinting at whats to come and recapping the key points. This device, not used in the original, is culturally understandable but artistically mediocre. What puzzles me is the two new songs for the opening and end credits. They were written in English, but sung by Chinese with an uncomfortable accent. They were obviously designed to appeal to an English-speaking base, but do not jibe with the Chinese dialogue. Speaking of the dialogue, the English translation, picked apart by some Chinese, is too literal for my taste. I can imagine a typical American hit by a flurry of royal ranks, addresses and greetings, even multiple names and titles for the same person. The first half hour must be a swamp to wade through, very much like my experience of getting through a Tolstoy tome with its endless inflections of names transliterated into lengthy Chinese. I see the choice of verbatim translation as an effort for conveying exotica. It is fairly competent, with no error that I could detect, but fails to rise above words or capture the essence of the language. A cultural product usually crosses over to a foreign territory first by an emphasis on the commonalities. But whether inside or outside China, the temptation to sell it for the differences is just too great. Sure, the sumptuous sets and costumes are a big attraction, but the narrative technique has becomehow shall I put it?a bit anglicized, which is necessary for cultural export. Judging by the responses, this legend, which, contrary to the claim of the English trailer, is totally fictitious, has departed from China but not yet landed on American shores. I am a big fan of Ralph Waldo Emersons essay titled Self-Reliance. If youve not yet read it, I strongly encourage you to do so. In this essay, the venerable Emerson talks about eschewing the trappings of society and finding ones own path. He urges the reader to find rectitude and lead a moral life. He professes that, only by being self reliant, as opposed to relying on the government and being dictated to by society, can one begin leading a decent and purposeful life. He avers that such a life is the only life worth living. I agree with him. This essay was written during a time of social upheaval in America, and it is rather odd that Emerson authored it, as he was a part of the upper crust of society at the time. It just so happened that he looked around him, at the indolence and the wantonness of the people in his circle; he wondered how in the world he came to belong there. Indeed his penning and publishing this essay caused his excommunication from high society and also caused him a lot of legal trouble. The legal trouble came as a result of the fact that he was speaking out against the government. I like to refe