最新2019年电大开放教育本科【宪法学】形成性考核册作业答案(最新).doc

内蒙古广播电视大学形成性考核电大天堂【宪法学】形成性考核册答案 注：本答案仅供参考，如有错误敬请指正来源：【电大天堂】/forumdisplay.php?fid=2 电大天堂【宪法学】形考作业一：（第13章） 一、单项选择题：每空2分，共20分 1、B 2、B 3、A 4、D 5、C6、B 7、B 8、A 9、B 10、A 二、多项选择题：每题3分，共15分 1、CD 2、ABD 3、AC4、ABCD5、ABCD 三、名词解释：每题5分，共30分1、爱国统一战线：是指在中国共产党领导下，有各民主党派和各人民团体参加的，包括全体社会主义劳动者，拥护社会主义的爱国者和拥护祖国统一的爱国者组成的政治联盟，是我国人民民主专政的重要内容之一。2、宪法：所谓宪法，就是规定一个国家的根本性问题，使民主制度法律化，集中体现统治阶级的意志和利益，具有最高法律效力，反映政治力量实际对比关系的国家根本法。3、刚性宪法：所谓刚性宪法，是指制定和修改宪法的机关或程序与普通法律不同。4、统一战线：统一战线是指无产阶级及其政党在革命和建设过程中，为了获得最广泛的同盟军已壮大自己的力量而同其他阶级异己一切可以团结的人群所组成的政治联盟。5、成文宪法：指以一个或几个法律文件的形式所表现出来的宪法。6、民定宪法：指由议会、制宪会议或公民投票方式通过的宪法。四、填空题：每题1分，共10分1、司法机关监督 立法机关监督 专门机构监督2、钦定宪法 民定宪法 协定宪法3、法律 行政法规 地方性法规4、138 五、简答题：每题6分，共12分 1、宪法和普通法的区别。答：一、宪法规定的内容与普通法律规定的内容不同。二、在法律效力上与普通法律不同。三、在制定和修改程序上与普通法律不同。2、宪法实施的监督包括哪些内容？答：一、审查法律、法规和规范性法律文件的合宪性。二 、审查国家机关及其公务员的合宪性。三、审查政党、社会团体等行为的合宪性。六、论述题（13分）为什么说人民民主专政和无产阶级专政本质上是一致的？人民民主专政和无产阶级专政本质上是一致的，主要表现在：（1）从领导权看，人民民主专政与无产阶级专政一样，都是以工人阶级为领导的国家政权，工人阶级是通过自己的政党来实现对国家政权的领导的，在我国即通过中国共产党来实现。（2）从阶级基础看，人民民主专政与无产阶级专政一样，都是以工农联盟为基础的。（3）从国家职能看，人民民主专政与无产阶级专政的职能一样，有对内职能和对外职能。在对内职能方面，有政治职能即民主和专政的职能，也有经济文化职能，在对外职能方面，都担负着保卫国家，抵御外来入侵和维护世界和平，发展国际友好合作的任务。（4）从历史使命看，人民民主专政与无产阶级专政历史使命一样，都是为了发展生产力，消灭剥削，消灭剥削阶级，最终实现共产主义。姓 名： 学 号： 得 分： 教师签字： 宪法学 电大天堂【宪法学】形考作业二：（第46章）一、单项选择题：每空2分，共20分 1、D 2、C 3、D 4、A 5、C6、C 7、A 8、C 9、C 10、C 二、多项选择题：每题3分，共15分 1、AC 2、AD 3、ABCD 4、AB 5、ABCD 三、名词解释：每题5分，共30分1、自治条例 ：是指民族自治地方的人民代表大会，根据宪法和法律规定的原则和精神，依照自治地方的政治、经济和文化的特点制定的，用以调整民族自治地方内基本社会关系的地方性自治法规。2、民族区域自治：是在国家统一领导下，在各少数民族聚居的地方实行区域自治，设立自治机关，行使自治权，管理本自治区域内的事务。3、地方制度：是指在国家治理上有关行政区域划分和地方国家机关或自治机关的组织、职权以及行使职权的程序法律、政策、惯例的总称。4、单行条例：是指有民族自治地方的人民代表大会依照宪法和民族区域自治法的规定，根据本自治地方的民族特点，制定的关于某一方面的具体事项的法律规范性文件。5、选举：是由选民依照法律规定的程序和方式推举民意机关代表或国家公职人员的政治活动。6、行政区划：是指国家为了便于行政管理，根据政治、经济、民族、历史等各种因素的不同，把领土划分成大小不同、层次不等的区域，并在此基础上建立相应的政权机关进行社会管理的制度。四、填空题：每题1分，共10分1、 议会制 总统制 委员会制 2、 普遍 平等 直接 秘密 3、省 自治区 直辖市 五、简答题：每题6分，共12分 1、简述为什么说人民代表大会制度是我国的根本政治制度？答：（1）我国现行宪法规定：“中华人民共和国的一切权力属于人民。”这是我国国家制度的核心内容和基本原则，而人民代表大会制度正是实施这一核心内容和基本原则的组织形式。 （2）人民代表大会制度比较全面、比较充分地反映了我国的阶级本质。 （3）人民代表大会制度不以其他制度为根据，可以创立多种制度。2、我国民族区域自治制度的优越性有以下几点： 答：（1）民族区域自治制度，可以促进民族团结，保证国家的统一，有利于加强边疆建设和巩固国防。 （2）民族区域自治制度，有助于把统一性和特殊性、原则性和灵活性结合起来。 （3）民族区域自治制度，有助于实现民族平等，保障少数民族当家作主的权利。 （4）民族区域自治制度，有助于逐步消除少数民族间发展事实上的不平等，达到各民族的共同繁荣和昌盛。六、论述题（13分）我国为什么实行单一制的国家结构形式? 答：中华人民共和国是单一制的国家结构形式的国家，现行宪法序言指出：“中华人民共和国是全国各族人民缔造的统一的多民族国家。”我国之所以采取单一制的国家结构形式是综合了上述因素而确立的，其中，解决民族关系问题起了重要的作用，其主要依据是：一、从历史因素来看，实行单一制是历史的必然选择。我国从公元前221年起，秦始皇统一中国，开始形成了以汉族为主体的包括少数民族在内的中央集权制的多民族国家。从那时起直到中华人民共和国成立，2000多年以来，虽然有分有合，但“统”是主流的，中国基本上是统一的单一制国家。二、从民族关系发展因素来看，长期统一的中国，在历史上虽有汉族统治压迫少数民族人民，少数民族统治者压迫汉族人民，但同样也有各民族人民相互交流、友好、融合的一面。无论是相互压迫还是相互友好，中国国内各民族没有分离过。他们共同劳动生息在这个土地上，创造了祖国光辉灿烂的中华文明，人民之间经济、政治、文化的交流和渗透经久不衰。统一是各民族人民的共同愿望。三、从我国民族成分和民族分布来看，建立单一制的国家有利于民族的团结。四、从我国资源分布的情况和经济发展不平衡的情况来看，建立单一制的国家有利于各民族的共同繁荣。五、根据我国尚未完全统一和少数民族多的特点，我们需要建立具有自身特色、具有灵活性的单一制国家。姓 名： 学 号： 得 分： 教师签字： 宪法学 电大天堂【宪法学】形考作业三：（第710章） 一、单项选择题：每空2分，共20分 1、C 2、D 3、A 4、A 5、D6、C 7、A 8、D 9、B 10、C二、多项选择题：每题3分，共15分 1、AB 2、AB 3、ACD 4、ACD 5、ABCD三、名词解释：每题5分，共30分1、经济制度：是指一国通过宪法和法律所确认和调整的，以生产资料所有制形式为核心的各种经济关系存在和发展的各种原则、规则和政策的总合。2、国籍：所谓国籍是指一个人作为蜜一国家的公民的法定资格。3、公民权利：是指公民依照宪法和法律的规定，由从事一定行为和要求他人作出或不作出某种行为，以实现某种权力或愿望。4、平等权：平等全是公民平等的享有权利，不受任何差别对待，要求国家同等保护的权利与原则。5、国家机构：国家机构是一定社会的统治阶级为实现其统治职能而建立起来的进行国家管理和执行统治职能的国家机关的总合。 6、紧急状态：只遇到战争或遇到其它非正常情况，对全国或局部地区采取的特别措施。四、填空题：每题1分，共10分1、买卖 使用权2、监督 管理3、人民检察院 人民法院决定 公安机关4、 基层群众性自治组织5、多种所有制经济共同发展 多种分配方式并存 五、简答题：每题6分，共12分 1、简述全国人大代表的权利。答：（1）出席全国人大会议，行使代表职权。 （2）提出议案、建议和意见。 （3）提出质询案或提出询问。 （4）依法提出罢免案。 （5）人身特别保护权。 （6）言论和表决的免责权。 （7）物质保障权。 （8）其他权利。2、简述我国现行中央国家机关的组织体系。答：根据现行宪法的规定，我国中央国家机关分为：全国人大及其常委会、中华人民共和国主席、国务院、中央军事委员会、最高人民法院和最高人民检察院。六、论述题（13分）我国宪法为什么要规定宗教信仰自由？我国宪法之所以规定宗教信仰自由，是因为： (1)宗教是一种历史性的特点，有它发生、发展和消亡的过程； (2)宗教信仰具有民族性和群众性的特点，干涉和禁止的办法是无济于事的； (3)宗教具有国际性特点，（4）有利于团结宗教界的各界人士，调动一切积极因素，进行社会主义现代化建设。（5）宗教文化是一笔宝贵的遗产。姓 名： 学 号： 得 分： 教师签字： 宪法学 电大天堂【宪法学】形考作业四：（综合） 一、单项选择题：每空2分，共20分 1、A 2、D 3、C 4、C 5、B6、B 7、C 8、B 9、D 10、D 二、多项选择题：每题3分，共15分 1、ACD 2、AB 3、ABC 4、BC 5、ACD 三、名词解释：每题5分，共30分1、不成文宪法：是指以国家的一般法律、惯例或法院判例形式出现的宪法。2、党制：就是指一个国家的政权完全掌握在一个政党的手里，只有该政党才是惟一合法政党的制度。 3、差额选举：指候选人名额多余应选代表名额的选举。4、选举制度：指公民享有选举为人民代表机关代表或某些国家领导人员的权利。5、国家结构形式：指国家的内部构成形式，即国家的整体与部分之间、中央与地方之间的相互关系。6、检举权：是指公民对国家机关及其工作人员的违法失职行为有检举揭发的权利。四、填空题：每题1分，共10分1、出版 集会 结社 游行 示威2、多党合作 政治协商 3、社会主义初级阶段 沿着建设有中国特色的社会主义的道路 社会主义现代化建设五、简答题：每题6分，共12分 1、宪法规定的公民人身自由主要有哪些内容？答：（1）公民的人身自由不受侵犯。 （2）公民的人格尊严不受侵犯。 （3）公民的住宅不受侵犯。 （4）公民的通信自由和通信秘密受法律保护。2、简述我国选举制度的民主原则有哪些。 答：一、选举权的普遍性原则。二、选举权的平等性原则。三、直接选举和间接选举并用的原则。四、无记名投票的原则。五、选民对代表实行监督的罢免的原则。六、选举的物质保障和法律保障原则。六、论述题（13分）香港特别行政区依法享有哪些自治权? 答：一、原有的政治制度在一定时期内不变，不实行社会主义制度和政策，在政权组织形式上也不改变。二、原有的经济制度和生活方式在一定时期内不变。三、行政管理权。四、立法权。五、独立的司法权和终审权。六、财政独立权。七、特别行政区在中央人民政府授权范围内，依照基本法自行处理有关的对外事务。八、除悬挂国旗、国徽外，可使用特别行政区的区旗、区徽。九、全国人民代表大会及其常委会和中央人民政府授予的其他权利。【电大天堂】站内毕业论文代写信誉保证 包通过 无限次修改QQ：905080280电话果还需要其他作业请到我们的论坛逛逛吧！形成性考核册答案（本科和专科）下载/forumdisplay.php?fid=2历届试题下载：/forumdisplay.php?fid=8复习资料：/forumdisplay.php?fid=9调查报告下载：/forumdisplay.php?fid=29请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2016年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Basketball can make a true claim to being the only major sport that is an American invention. From high school to the professional level, basketball attracts a large following for live games as well as television coverage of events like the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) annual tournament and the National Basketball Association (NBA) and Womens National Basketball Association (WNBA) playoffs. And it has also made American heroes out of its player and coach legends like Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, Earvin Magic Johnson, Sheryl Swoopes, and other great players. At the heart of the game is the playing space and the equipment. The space is a rectangular, indoor court. The principal pieces of equipment are the two elevated baskets, one at each end (in the long direction) of the court, and the basketball itself. The ball is spherical in shape and is inflated. Basket-balls range in size from 28.5-30 in (72-76 cm) in circumference, and in weight from 18-22 oz (510-624 g). For players below the high school level, a smaller ball is used, but the ball in mens games measures 29.5-30 in (75-76 cm) in circumference, and a womens ball is 28.5-29 in (72-74 cm) in circumference. The covering of the ball is leather, rubber, composition, or synthetic, although leather covers only are dictated by rules for college play, unless the teams agree otherwise. Orange is the regulation color. At all levels of play, the home team provides the ball. Inflation of the ball is based on the height of the balls bounce. Inside the covering or casing, a rubber bladder holds air. The ball must be inflated to a pressure sufficient to make it rebound to a height (measured to the top of the ball) of 49-54 in (1.2-1.4 m) when it is dropped on a solid wooden floor from a starting height of 6 ft (1.80 m) measured from the bottom of the ball. The factory must test the balls, and the air pressure that makes the ball legal in keeping with the bounce test is stamped on the ball. During the intensity of high school and college tourneys and the professional playoffs, this inflated sphere commands considerable attention. Basketball is one of few sports with a known date of birth. On December 1, 1891, in Springfield, Massachusetts, James Naismith hung two half-bushel peach baskets at the opposite ends of a gymnasium and out-lined 13 rules based on five principles to his students at the International Training School of the Young Mens Christian Association (YMCA), which later became Springfield College. Naismith (1861-1939) was a physical education teacher who was seeking a team sport with limited physical contact but a lot of running, jumping, shooting, and the hand-eye coordination required in handling a ball. The peach baskets he hung as goals gave the sport the name of basketball. His students were excited about the game, and Christmas vacation gave them the chance to tell their friends and people at their local YMCAs about the game. The association leaders wrote to Naismith asking for copies of the rules, and they were published in the Triangle, the school newspaper, on January 15,1892. Naismiths five basic principles center on the ball, which was described as large, light, and handled with the hands. Players could not move the ball by running alone, and none of the players was restricted against handling the ball. The playing area was also open to all players, but there was to be no physical contact between players; the ball was the objective. To score, the ball had to be shot through a horizontal, elevated goal. The team with the most points at the end of an allotted time period wins. Early in the history of basketball, the local YMCAs provided the gymnasiums, and membership in the organization grew rapidly. The size of the local gym dictated the number of players; smaller gyms used five players on a side, and the larger gyms allowed seven to nine. The team size became generally established as five in 1895, and, in 1897, this was made formal in the rules. The YMCA lost interest in supporting the game because 10-20 basketball players monopolized a gymnasium previously used by many more in a variety of activities. YMCA membership dropped, and basketball enthusiasts played in local halls. This led to the building of basketball gymnasiums at schools and colleges and also to the formation of professional leagues. Although basketball was born in the United States, five of Naismiths original players were Canadians, and the game spread to Canada immediately. It was played in France by 1893; England in 1894; Australia, China, and India between 1895 and 1900; and Japan in 1900. From 1891 through 1893, a soccer ball was used to play basketball. The first basketball was manufactured in 1894. It was 32 in (81 cm) in circumference, or about 4 in (10 cm) larger than a soccer ball. The dedicated basketball was made of laced leather and weighed less than 20 oz (567 g). The first molded ball that eliminated the need for laces was introduced in 1948; its construction and size of 30 in (76 cm) were ruled official in 1949. The rule-setters came from several groups early in the 1900s. Colleges and universities established their rules committees in 1905, the YMCA and the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) created a set of rules jointly, state militia groups abided by a shared set of rules, and there were two professional sets of rules. A Joint Rules Committee for colleges, the AAU, and the YMCA was created in 1915, and, under the name the National Basketball Committee (NBC) made rules for amateur play until 1979. In that year, the National Federation of State High School Associations began governing the sport at the high school level, and the NCAA Rules Committee assumed rule-making responsibilities for junior colleges, colleges, and the Armed Forces, with a similar committee holding jurisdiction over womens basketball. Until World War II, basketball became increasingly popular in the United States especially at the high school and college levels. After World War II, its popularity grew around the world. In the 1980s, interest in the game truly exploded because of television exposure. Broadcast of the NCAA Championship Games began in 1963, and, by the 1980s, cable television was carrying regular season college games and even high school championships in some states. Players like Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlain, and Lew Alcindor (Kareem Abdul-Jabbar) became nationally famous at the college level and carried their fans along in their professional basketball careers. The womens game changed radically in 1971 when separate rules for women were modified to more closely resemble the mens game. Television interest followed the women as well with broadcast of NCAA championship tourneys beginning in the early 1980s and the formation of the WNBA in 1997. Internationally, Italy has probably become the leading basketball nation outside of the United States, with national, corporate, and professional teams. The Olympics boosts basketball internationally and has also spurred the womens game by recognizing it as an Olympic event in 1976. Again, television coverage of the Olympics has been exceptionally important in drawing attention to international teams. The first professional mens basketball league in the United States was the National Basketball League (NBL), which debuted in 1898. Players were paid on a per-game basis, and this league and others were hurt by the poor quality of games and the ever-changing players on a team. After the Great Depression, a new NBL was organized in 1937, and the Basketball Association of America was organized in 1946. The two leagues came to agree that players had to be assigned to teams on a contract basis and that high standards had to govern the game; under these premises, the two joined to form the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1949. A rival American Basketball Association (ABA) was inaugurated in 1967 and challenged the NBA for college talent and market share for almost ten years. In 1976, this league disbanded, but four of its teams remained as NBA teams. Unification came just in time for major television support. Several womens professional leagues were attempted and failed, including the Womens Professional Basketball League (WBL) and the Womens World Basketball Association, before the WNBA debuted in 1997 with the support of the NBA. James Naismith, originally from Al-monte, Ontario, invented basketball at the International YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1891. The game was first played with peach baskets (hence the name) and a soccer ball and was intended to provide indoor exercise for football players. As a result, it was originally a rough sport. Although ten of Naismiths original thirteen rules remain, the game soon changed considerably, and the founder had little to do with its evolution. The first intercollegiate game was played in Minnesota in 1895, with nine players to a side and a final score of nine to three. A year later, the first five-man teams played at the University of Chicago. Baskets were now constructed of twine nets but it was not until 1906 that the bottom of the nets were open. In 1897, the dribble was first used, field goals became two points, foul shots one point, and the first professional game was played. A year later, the first professional league was started, in the East, while in 1900, the first intercollegiate league began. In 1910, in order to limit rough play, it was agreed that four fouls would disqualify players, and glass backboards were used for the first time. Nonetheless, many rules still differed, depending upon where the games were played and whether professionals, collegians, or YMCA players were involved. College basketball was played from Texas to Wisconsin and throughout the East through the 1920s, but most teams played only in their own regions, which prevented a national game or audience from developing. Professional basketball was played almost exclusively in the East before the 1920s, except when a team would barnstorm into the Midwest to play local teams, often after a league had folded. Before the 1930s very few games, either professional or amateur, were played in facilities suitable for basketball or with a perfectly round ball. Some were played in arenas with chicken wire separating the players from fans, thus the word cagers, others with posts in the middle of the floor and often with balconies overhanging the corners, limiting the areas from which shots could be taken. Until the late 1930s, all players used the two-hand set shot, and scores remained low. Basketball in the 1920s and 1930s became both more organized and more popular, although it still lagged far behind both baseball and college football. In the pros, five urban, ethnic teams excelled and played with almost no college graduates. They were the New York Original Celtics; the Cleveland Rosenblums, owned by Max Rosenblum; Eddie Gottliebs Philadelphia SPHAs (South Philadelphia Hebrew Association); and two great black teams, the New York Renaissance Five and Abe Sapersteins Harlem Globetrotters, which was actually from Chicago. While these teams had some notable players, no superstars, such as Babe Ruth, Jack Dempsey, or Red Grange, emerged to capture the publics attention as they did in other sports of the period. The same was true in college basketball up until the late 1930s, with coaches dominating the game and its development. Walter Doc Meanwell at Wisconsin, Forrest Phog Allen at Kansas, Ward Piggy Lambert at Purdue, and Henry Doc Carlson at Pittsburgh all made significant contributions to the games development: zone defenses, the weave, the passing game, and the fast break. In the decade preceding World War II, five events changed college basketball and allowed it to become a major spectator sport. In 1929, the rules committee reversed a decision that would have outlawed dribbling and slowed the game considera