考前100天2015中考英语基础语法（七）形容词和副词.docx

（七）形容词和副词01 命题趋势 考标导向化在历年各地中考中，形容词和副词是必考的知识点，分值通常在35分之间。从命题形式来看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等；其中对形容词和副词的句法功能、比较等级的用法及易混形容词和副词的辨析的考查又是重中之重。预计2015年中考热点仍将集中在形容词和副词的词义辨析和比较等级的用法上。02 定义 概念清晰化形容词是用来修饰名词或不定代词，说明事物和人的性质和特征的一类词，在句子中用作定语、表语、宾语补足语；而副词用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，在句子中作状语、表语、补语和定语。英语中的形容词和副词都有等级的变化。03 知识归类 知识网络化形容词的位置分类图解形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时nobody absent, everything possible以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后the best book available, the only solution possiblealive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置the only person awake表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词a bridge 50 meters long形容词短语一般后置a man difficult to get on withelse修饰疑问词和不定代词时what else，something else特例清单1.有些形容词只能作定语。如：little(小的),only(唯一的),wooden(木质的),elder(年长的),woolen(羊毛质的)等及复合形容词man-made(人造的),kind-hearted(好心的),english-speaking(说英语的),take-away(可以带走的)等。2.有些形容词只能作表语。如：alone(孤独的),asleep(睡着的),awake(醒着的),alive(活着的),well(健康的),ill(病的),frightened(害怕的)等。3.有些形容词貌似副词。如：friendly(友好的),lively(生动的),lonely(孤独的)等。4.有些形容词与定冠词the连用，表示一类人或物。如：we should respect the old and love the young.我们应该尊老爱幼。its not polite to laugh at the blind or the deaf.取笑盲人或聋人是不礼貌的。5.enough修饰名词时既可以放在名词的前面，也可以放在其后面；然而，enough作状语修饰形容词或副词时，应该放在形容词或副词之后。如：we have enough time(=time enough)to finish the work.我们有足够的时间来完成这项工作。he ran fast enough to catch the bus.他跑得很快，足够赶上公共汽车了。this hall is big enough to hold 1,000 people.这个大厅够大的，可以容纳1000人。6.多个形容词作定语时，通常按“性质大小(长短、高低、形状等)年龄/新旧颜色国籍(地区、出处等)材料”的顺序排列。如：a beautiful tall building一座漂亮而高大的建筑物a large yellow chinese coat一件黄色的中国式大衣【题组训练】形容词的作用及位置( )1.(2014绥化)keep all the windows _，its too hot in the room.a.opened b.open c.closed( )2.(2014荆州)ill not be jacks friend any more.dont be angry.hes just so _，but in fact hes good to us，you know.a.helpful b.direct c.polite d.brave( )3.(2014河北)how _ cindy grows !shes almost as tall as her mother now.a.cute b.strong c.fast d.straight( )4.(2014来宾)after the earthquake，we heard of lots of _ stories，and all of us were deeply .a.moving;moved b.moving;movingc.moved;moving d.moved;moved( )5.(2014东营)overseas experience may help make our life_ .so why not try to study abroad?a.usual b.usefulc.successful d.traditional副词的分类分类图解时间副词soon, now, early,finally,once, recently频度副词always,often,frequently,seldom,never地点副词here,nearby,outside,upwards,above疑问副词how,where,when,why方式副词hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really连接副词how,when,where,why,whether,however,meanwhile程度副词almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather关系副词when,where,why注意：地点副词、时间副词和方式副词放在句尾，它们同时出现时的顺序是：方式副词地点副词时间副词。如：the students are doing the experiments carefully in the lab now.同学们现在正在实验室里认真地做实验。many people take exercise happily on the square every morning.很多人每天早晨在广场上高兴地进行锻炼。【题组训练】副词的作用及位置( )6.(2014曲靖)david doesnt like rice noodles，his son doesnt，_.a.also b.too c.either d.not( )7.(2014随州)how is lucys english?she always does very well in her english exams. but she can_ understand english radio programs.a.always b.already c.easily d.hardly( )8.(2014宿迁)sandy likes travelling. she_ stays at home during holidays.a.seldom b.usually c.always d.often( )9.(2014绵阳)alex，did you find our old school last week?yes，but with much difficulty，for it has _changed over these years.a.completely b.neverc.hardly d.partly( )10.(2014昆明)teenagers should be encouraged to go_ and be close to nature.a.inside b.back c.outside d.off规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级分类图解构成方法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加-er, -est。smallfastquicksmallerfasterquickersmallestfastestquickest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加-r,-st。nicefinenicerfinernicestfinest以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节单词，先把y变为i，再加-er,-est。earlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的单词，双写末尾的字母再加-er,-est。redbigthinredderbiggerthinnerreddestbiggestthinnest部分双音节词或多音节词在原级前加more,eresting importantmore interesting more importantmost interestingmost important特例清单1.使用比较级时，在对比中应该是同类进行对比。如：“我的英语不如你的好”应译成“my english is not as(so)good as yours.”，而不能译成“my english is not as good as you.”。因为此句中比较的对象是english，而不是you，所以要把you改成yours(=your english)。2.使用比较级时，切忌一方包含另一方，从而造成自身与自身的比较。如：“她比她班上任何同学学习都努力”应译成“she studies harder than any other student in her class.”，而不能译成“she studies harder than any student in her class.”。any student in her class包括she，使用了other才能将其排除。【题组训练】( )11.(2014山西)have you watched a bite of china recently?of course.i do believe chinese food is _ in the world.a.the most delicious b.more deliciousc.delicious( )12.(2014襄阳)with the development of modern science，its_ for us to get information from all over the world.a.slower b.busier c.harder d.easier( )13.(2014呼和浩特)the box was _ than i had expected.i was out of breath when i got home.a.more heavier b.much heavierc.little heavier d.very heavier( )14.(2014嘉兴)do you like eating fish，wang han?of course.nothing can be_ ，i think.a.delicious b.beautifulc.more delicious d.more beautiful( )15.(2014白银)he is the only one who failed in the math exam.really?you mean he studies_.a.the most careful b.the least carefulc.the most carefully d.the least carefully不规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级分类图解原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstlittlelessleastmany/muchmoremostfarfartherfarthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest【题组训练】( )16.(2014绵阳)rosa，can i wear jeans and t-shirt to the evening party?ok.but a dress might be_ .a.good b.worse c.bad d.better( )17.(2014长沙)oh，it was fantastic! lily danced so well.well，i think kate danced_ than lily.a.well b.better c.best( )18.(2014咸宁)what do you think of her teaching english?great! no one teaches_ in our school.a.good b.worse c.better d.best( )19.(2013大庆)if you want to be thinner and healthier，you should eat _ food and take _ exercise.a.more;fewer b.more;lessc.fewer;more d.less;more( )20.(2013南宁)we held a concert in the hall yesterday.kate sang _ among the singers.a.good b.well c.better d.best形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法分类图解句型意义例句as形容词/副词原级as两者比较，程度相同。“asas”结构前可以带表示程度的状语,像quite, almost, half, twice, nearly等。this book is almost/nearly as thick as that one.这本书几乎同那本一样厚。his ability is not half as high as yours.他的能力不及你的一半。如果形容词修饰单数可数名词，应用as形容词/副词原级a(n)可数名词单数形式as。tom is as good a person as his uncle.汤姆和他叔叔一样是好人。this is just as good an example as the other one.这个例子和另外那个一样好。如果指同一个人或物，应译为“不但而且”。li mei is as beautiful as she is clever.李梅不但漂亮而且聪明。not as /so形容词/副词原级as两者相比，一方不及另一方。this village isnt as/so big as that one.这个村子没有那个村子大。i didnt do my homework as carefully as you.我做作业不如你仔细。形容词/副词比较级+than两者进行比较。the sun is bigger than the earth.太阳比地球大。she usually gets up earlier than others.她通常比别人起得早。比较级and比较级“越来越”，多音节的用more and more形容词或副词原级。she is growing fatter and fatter.她越来越胖了。our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家越来越美了。the比较级，the比较级“越，越”，如果“the比较级”修饰名词作定语，名词要紧跟在比较级之后。the busier the old man is,the happier he feels.那位老人越忙越高兴。the more,the better.越多越好。the more money he gets,the more he wants.他得到的钱越多越想要。具体数字(如倍数)+as as 是的倍。the city is two times as big as my hometown.这个城市有我的家乡的2倍大。具体数字、实物、倍数等+比较级+than形容词与具体倍数等的比较。he is a head taller than i.他比我高一个头。this city is three times larger than that one.这座城市比那座城市大三倍。形容词最高级+介词短语(比较范围)(三者或三者以上)最的。he is the tallest boy in our class.他是我们班里最高的男孩。副词最高级+介词短语(比较范围)(三者或三者以上)最的。he works hardest in his class.他是班上学习最用功的一个。特例清单1.“a+谓语动词+the+比较级+of the two +”，表示“两者中较的”。如：wang fei is the taller one of the two brothers.王飞是他们兄弟两人中较高的一个。2.“a+谓语动词+one of the+ 最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示 “是最的之一”。如：miss li is one of the most popular teachers in our school.李老师是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。the yangtze river is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。3.“a+谓语动词+the+序数词+最高级+in/of短语”表示“是第最的”。如：the yellow river is the second longest river in china.黄河是中国第二长河。【题组训练】( )21.(2014铜仁)the yangtze river is one of _ in the world.a.the longest rivers b.the longest riverc.longer rivers d.longer river( )22.(2014南充)i think english is as _ as maths.i agree with you.a.more interesting b.most interestingc.the most interesting d.interesting( )23.(2014阜康)of the two sisters，lucy is _ one，and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.a.a younger b.a youngestc.the younger d.the youngest( )24.(2014兰州)the weather is becoming_ .a.hotter and hotter b.more hot and hotc.hoter and hoter d.more and more hot( )25.(2014昆明)its smoggy these days. thats terrible!yes.i hope to plant trees._ trees，_ air pollution.a.the more，the fewer b.the less，the morec.the less，the fewer d.the more，the less04 整合集训 反馈层级化( )1.joe took up a cup to drink some water, but he found it was_ .a.empty b.heavy c.clean d.old( )2.it is _ for us to bring our umbrellas because the weather report says it will rain this afternoon.a.hard b.interestingc.easy d.necessary( )3.how about the movie,jack?its a little boring.and i was too _ to watch the end of it.a.sleepy b.asleep c.sleep d.sleeping( )4.uncle wang feels very _ after finishing the _work.he really needs to have a good rest.a.tired;tiring b.tired;tiredc.tiring;tired d.tiring;tiring( )5.each of you should be careful enough to keep yourself _ when doing this chemistry experiment.a.clear b.safe c.safely d.clearly( )6.hurry up!the concert will begin soon.take it easy.we have _ time left.a.little b.much c.many d.plenty( )7.why do you like living in the countryside,uncle wang?because the air there is _ and clean.a.cold b.dirty c.thin d.fresh( )8.wed better not eat too much _ food because its not only bad for our teeth,but also makes us fat easily.a.tasty b.delicious c.sweet d.cheap( )9.these days i have always felt stressed.you can ask mrs lee for help.its _ for her to solve your problem.a.necessary b.usefulc.important d.possible( )10.are you _,mike?yes, mom. could you please get me some water?a.thirsty b.tired c.hungry d.sick( )11.whose home is _ away from school in our class?liu meis.a.farther b.farc.the farthest d.near( )12.which of the two cars will you buy?the _ one.i dont have much money.a.cheap b.expensivec.cheaper d.more expensive( )13.remember this, children._ careful you are, _mistakes you will make.yes,miss gao.a.the more;the fewerb.the more;the fewc.the more;the lessd.the much;the fewer( )14.which is_ ,the sun,the earth or the moon?the sun of course.a.big b.biggerc.biggest d.the biggest( )15.your daughter is much _ now.yes,the pants she wore last year are all too short for her.a.older b .quieter c.taller d.smarter( )16.if you keep playing sports every day,your health will be getting _.a.good and good b.better and betterc.best and best d.better and best( )17.mum,could you buy me a dress like this?of course.we can buy _ one than this,but _ it.a.a better;better thanb.a popular;as good asc.a more popular;not as good asd.a cheaper;as good as( )18.which province is the _ one in winter?it should be heilongjiang province,i think.a.coldest b.hotter c.warmest d.cooler( ) 19.would you mind staying in such a noisy room?no,but my son needs a _ place to study in.a.cleaner b.quieter c.safer d.bigger( )20.the actress is already 50,but she looks _ than she really is.a.young b.more youngc.more younger d.much younger( )21.tom,what do you think of the school?oh,no other school is _ in the city. its _ one.a.better;a better b.the best;the bestc.better;the best d.the best;a better( )22.now,blogs are _ traditional diaries among young people.everyone in my class has a blog