英语本科自考毕业论文-论《呼啸山庄》中希斯克利夫的命运.doc

中南大学 central south university高等教育自学考试英语专业毕业论文 题目 论呼啸山庄中希斯克利夫的命运 题目类别 文学类 学生姓名 考籍号 单位或学校 湖南对外经济贸易职业学院 联系电话 完成时间 2012年4月 on the fate of heathcliff in wuthering heights april 2012 hu nan foreign economic relations & trade college. contentsabstract i摘要iiintroduction 1chapter 1 general information and plot of this novel2chapter2 the influence that emilys personalities bring to heathcliffs fate.5chapter 3 how does victoria period society affects his fate.8chapter 4 how does environment affect his fate. 11chapter 5 catherine s disloyalty-the main cause of heathcliffs fate 5.1 catherines love to heathcliff 14 5.2 heathcliffs love to catherine 15conclusion 18bibliography 19 abstract with the great work wuthering height known to most people and made great difference to literature world , emily bronte ,the writer in the victorian period, became more and more renowned and significant.her works got great attention and numerous compliments.on the background of the wild ,the stricken love story wuthering height ,which is concerned with writers personalities and the environment in which she lives ,is famous for its romantic tragedy.and the protagonist heathcliff is the main clue and the shinning part in the novel.for we are so impressive with the tragedy mainly caused by the deep love from the maniac ,rebellious foundling heathcliff.and all these made us cant help thinking about all the causes that lead to his miserable fate . with piles of information, it is not difficult to find that besides his crazy love to catherine ,his own personalities ,the environment around him, the writers personalities and the social background in which the writer lived also have huge impacts on his fate. all the impacts connect ,interact and indispensable.now ,let me account for this point as follows.key words: heathcliff fate, writer , environment,society, love .摘要 随着英国文坛巨著呼啸山庄渐渐为人所知，并在文坛上奠定坚实的地位和深远的意义。身在维多利亚时期的女作家艾米丽便成了不朽的风云人物，其作品也收到广泛的关注和数不胜数的评论。这部与她生活环境及性格息息相关的旷野上震撼文坛的爱情故事呼啸山庄，美在它的浪漫主义悲剧性。而克里斯托弗便是这部剧的闪光点和重要线索。这个叛逆的，狂野不羁的弃儿由爱至恨的悲惨命运让人难以忘怀。这些使人不由地思索他命运的导火线。通过大量的资料，我们不难得出，除了他对凯瑟琳痴狂的爱，作者艾米丽的性格，时代面貌，他的性格及所处的环境也对悲惨命运的形成起到了举足轻重的作用。它们纵横想错，互相影响，缺一不可。下文笔者就会对此观点做详细的解释。关键词：希斯克利夫的命运，作者，环境，社会，爱。ii introduction literature not only gives us a lot fun , but also social significance.they reflect peoples real life and criticize the darkness of the society , which gives us a easy and interesting way to know what we need and want to know.especially the protagonist inside .as he represents some people at that time and help us to know the society.in this article,heathcliff is the main clue of wuthering heights. heathcliff is a role that deserves our sympathy, we speak highly of his love spirit and perseverance of pursuing ture love. by disclosing the causes of his fate ,on the one side , this article is to praise his love spirit and have a way of getting a good knowledge of the writer.on the other side ,besides criticizing mammonism ,social corruption and degeneration ,it is also to show sympathy to the poor and support oppressed workers movements.obviously theme and his fate interact and they work together to fulfill this shaking story. as readers,not only do we need to know the causes to his fate , but also should seriously analyze the advantages and disadvantages inside it, from which we shall know something and get some enlightment to avoid same tragic case should happen again to us.chapter 1 general information and plot of this novel wuthering height is a novel about the story between the earnshows in wuthering height and the lindons in thrushcross grange. heathcliff is an orphan adopted by old earnshaw ,he is also a foundling who has been deprived of human warmth. poor as he is ,his life is changed after adoption by old earnshaw . he is much appreciated ,as old earnshaw and his daughter are kind to him and care about him.gradually he falls in love with old earnshaws daughter catherine.at the end they love each other.though catherines brother hate him very much and always order him to do something or mock him,the sweet love makes his heart care for nothing about the bad things . he is ready to dedicate all to catherines love.but before long ,life is changing, old earnshaw died , his son hindley becomes the master of wuthering height, which makes heathcliff servant and poor again .but what different from before is that he has love from catherine, he gives all his love to her ,he has nothing now except love to her ,even dignity of a man .living in this environment ,catherine means everything to him, all hope for his life .however, the love doesnt last for long .catherine is under the control of the corrupt society ,she cant withstand the temptation of money and power, eventually she makes decision to marry to the master edgar linton of thrushcross grange .when heathcliff hears what catherine said “it would degrade me to marry heathcliff”,sorrow-stricken to death cant be better to describe his mood then. catherines disloyalty deprives him of his last love, which turns his deep love to fierce hatred,and this hatred is the furnace to build his fierce personality-rigidity,perseverance and brutality. in this case , he left wuthering height to make fortune to revenge everybody who breaks his love and brings grief to him. when he manages to do that and returns to wuthering height ,catherine has already married to edgar linton,the master of thrushcross grange, which makes him more and more distressed and in urgent need of revenging all.heathcliff flies into a rage and makes hindley bankrupt, after which he deceives edgars sister and marrys her for the purpose of occupying thrushcross grange.he gets all that he wants except catherine , which makes him still in distress.years later, hindley、cathy、isabella、edgar pass away one by one . he enslaves hindleys son hareton and edgar s daughter cathy, even he is burning with inveterate hatred toward his own son linton. thought he achieves his lust of revenging all the people , he is not happy, after all the torment and revenges, his humanity recovers finally ,he killed himself at a stormy night for the sake of meeting his soulmate catherine to get his own happiness.in the end , the obstacle and hostile between cathy linton and hareton earnshaw are resolved as a result of falling in love with each other and get happiness from marriage in the thrushcross grange , then everything returns tranquil as before.chapter 2 the influence that emilys personalities bring to heathcliffs fate. emily bronte s 30 years life accompanied turbulent england society. british government oppressed democratic reform struggles and labour movements, capitalism was on the rise and exposing its inner drawbacks simultaneously. the conflict between labour and capital was sharpening, the unemployed was impoverished, tremendous child labourers suffered from brutal torment and died.most of these were revealed in writers works at that time. emily bronte was also one among the writers who wrote many works to reflect the painful society .she was born in a poor irish priest family. her family moved to new district in 1820 ,settled down in a remote area of the wildness , where emily bronte and her sisters spent all their lifetime. though their house was near industrial park, they were more close to the wild , so she and her sisters always went for a walk together in the western wildness. therefore on the one side bronte sisters saw the development of capital society and the turmoil and poverty it brough to civilians ；on the other side they were so attracted by the pretty wildness,for which the wildness in wuthering height appears to reader .quiet as emily was ,she was passionate inside.she knew little about politics ,while she paid much attention to it.though wuthering height was not renowned and understood to reader after publishment, even her own sister charlotte bronte who was the writer of jane eyre also could not read her sisters mind .charlotte and biography writers told us emily was independent ,generous,open,sincere ,perseverant,masculine but introvert .she was very fond of the wildness in which she lived . anyway,she was happy and harmonious though she lived within herself. besides her close relationship with her sisters, nature was the best friend for her .it is not hard for us to find that the protagonist heathcliff in wuthering height also loves nature very much ,perseverant ,dedicated, indifferent outside passionate inside and unruly,while actually most of them hint emilys personality and thoughts. emily just had a short lifetime and didnt have system education, didnt have practical love experience either. however, she got good personalities of loving nature, passionate inside ,sincere and perseverant ,she showed her heartfelt sympathy for the poor and criticized harshly the darkness of the society. the mind of emily undoubtedly made that,after enjoyment of the pureness of the wildness and short happiness of love, poor heathcliff would flight for his rights and dignity under torment and he is bound to succeed at the end just as what emily wanted in real society for the poor though tragedy is the result.but we all know that emily was sincere ,passionate and kind ,she also didnt want this story turn out to be so tragic,so after undergoing all torments ,heathcliff gets back his humanity eventually ,and end with happiness between cathy and hareton , which makes readers not so mournful and despaired .therefore, the personalities of emily is also one of the factors to lead to heathcliff s fate.chapter 3 how does victoria period society affects his fate. at the beginning of victoria period ,britain economy was booming with days,while social problems got more and more severe .political power gradually moved to industrial capitalists of the rising bourgeoisie, big industrial revolutions were on the high tide with science and technology development of trains and steamboats that brought new momentum to nations economy, which made britain factory of the world and accumulated good money from exploiting overseas markets and occupying resources in their colonies. in the middle of 19 century ,britain became the most powerful country in the world .however , behind all these prosperity and wealth was the poverty and misfortune of the working class. to make a living ,even women and children had to work hardly in some dirty and dangerous factories.when class contradiction sharpened ,workers began to awake . victorian literature ,as a result of the era ,was natural and diversiform, among which romantism and realism were the leading character .during this era ,novels began to catch on , so were the critical realism novels, which played an important role in criticizing social darkness and protecting peoples benefits.though their styles and features were different , they all cared about the life and fate of common people, they were deeply outraged for inhuman social institutions ,degenerated social morals, mammonism and large scale of poverty and inequity . the actual reflection of peoples life and harsh criticism of social regime in their works woke up the public to be aware of the social problems and corruptions. the hardship of the social background gave readers many routes for understanding the theme of the story as well as heathcliffs fate.to criticize inhumanity and social poverty , heathcliff is doomed to be a poor foundling at the beginning of the story .though adopted by old earnshow, he doesnt get real good treatment and still suffers from poverty and lowliness , besides, he has to bear contempt and maltreatment from old earnshaws son hindley, so he is the representative for the poor and the oppressed; to criticize degenerated social morals , heathcliff has to be contempted because of his poverty, catherine is trapped in common customs and looks down upon the poor with lowliness as what others do though in her deep heart is fierce love towards heathcliff ; to criticize mammonism, catherine is destined to marry to vanity at the price of discarding her real love heathcliff .she also comforts herself that marrying to edgar makes her happy and she really loves him while actually she doesnt, so ultimately she died with sorrow and missing heathcliff .on the other hand,heathcliff is doomed to be despaired and turn love to hatred and revenge after catherines disloyalty, as catherine is the last straw for his perseverance and enduring all the lowliness and contempts; to show sympathy for the working class and supporting workers movements ,heathcliff s status is doomed to make big changes , so is the success of his revenges, because his changes and success hint that the working class finally win the struggle and get the dignity as they deserve; to advocate humanity and avoid ruin of it ,heathcliff wakes up,gets his humanity and purification of his soul in the end after death of catherine ,all the revenges towards everybody he hates.at the same time ,hindleys son hareton and catherines daughter continue their true love both for themselves and the novel,which makes the thrushcross grange and wuthering height return to its tranquility and serene.this ending lessens the tragedy of this story and also makes readers more impressive with the love. because in the eyes of most readers ,we dont hate heathcliffs brutality ,we just sympathize his fate ,for which most of us pardon him for what he did.chapter 4 how does environment affect his fate.environment decides ones personalities, everybody would be affected by his surroundings. firstly ,he is a foundling ,he must have experienced a lot hardship to make him iron-willed and used to it.just as earnshaws servant nelly saidhe seemed to be a sullen, patient child; hardened, perhaps, to ill-treatment; he would stand hindleys blows without winking or shedding a tear,and my pinches moved him only to draw in a breath and open his eyes,as if he had hurt himself by accident and nobody was to blame. she continued cathy and her brother harassed me terribly;he was as uncomplaining as a lamb;though hardness,not gentleness,made him give little trouble.we can see that from the very beginning he already has a strong will.secondly, the nature where he lives has direct impact on him ,wuthering height is on the wet land in the wild near north england, we may say that it secludes from the outer world and encounters bad climate. secluding from the outer world makes heathcliff seldom have chance to access to other people elsewhere so that it makes him unsocial and morose ,and the only one that is close to him is catherine who is his friend since childhood, so he gives all his love to her.thirdly,the family he has also plays an important role in his personality.before old earnshaw s death , he was petted to some extent, however, even though old earnshaw takes care of him and treats him well just as his own son , he is still unable to get rid of aloneness and sense of loss ,after all ,he is an orphan abandoned by his parents and always trying to persuing a sense of belonging.superficially, he is a member of the earnshaws, nevertheless he has never been a real part of the family . when old earnshaw died , an important turning of life comes to heathcliff , he is no longer the petted foster son of the family ,oppositely the lowly servant ever since. whats worse , the new master hates him as fiercely as he hates hell.the life turning makes his aloneness and sense of loss more evident and severe. so at that time , the only thing that can make him continue to bear torments and contempt is catherines love. that is why he is so distressed and hopeless when catherine chose vanity and left him. her disloyalty is the very beginning of his revenge.finally ,his personalities and fate also have something to do with the society he lives in. as mentioned above ,this novel was written in victorian era when industries and economy were booming and great changes had taken place as well as the society.wealth and social status was the only criterion to measure a person.so in that mammonish society, no money and power means no dignity, that is why heathcliff suffers from contempt and catherine chooses to marry to edgarlinton who is rich and powerful though she really loves heathcliff .when heathcliff returns wuthering heights with fame and money after 3 years mystical missing,the most ironic thing is that people no longer treat him as a poor servant,even hindley is so obedient to him,just because he is not poor any more. as long as you are wealthy ,people will never care about your humble family background and vulgar behaviors. this is what victorian period society looks like.it is because people blindly worship money that heathcliff takes advantage of it and begin to revenge.from the above talking , we can vividly find that natural environment ,family and social background are really effective in his personalities and fate. without those influences , heathcliff can never manage to exist in the novel. chapter 5 catherine s disloyalty-the main cause of heathcliffs fate5.1 catherines love to heathcliff though born in noble family ,catherine gets inherent waywardness ,naughty habit and rebellion. she and heathcliff love each other sin