托福单词替换.doc

左侧为阅读原文中的单词, 右侧为正确选项pp中的单词替换 game-animals teemed with-were full of pronounced-strong fragment-break up establishment-formation consequently-therefore heighten-increase previously-before era-period driven-pushed poses-presents variability-tendency to change substantially-significantly monitored-observed capable of using-able to use shift-change forsook-left signature-identifying characteristics standardized-uniform orientation-arrangement terrain-ground delineate-outline prescribing-assigning promotes-contributes to indicators-signs obviously-clearly components-elements common-shared broad-general overlapping-sharing characteristics compelled-forced stumbled upon-accidental adapted-modified tedious-tiresome facilitating-easing freezing-halting contexts-settings accommodate-allow for pounding-hitting conspicuous-noticeable assess-evaluate toxin-poison diverge-move apart depicted-presented precision-accuracy obvious-clear feed-satisfy sources-supplies means-methods flourishing-thriving univerisally-without exception anxious-eager at bay-under control soaked up-absorded split-divided scorching-exceedingly hot attributed-credited successive-subsequent stimulates-causes scarcity-shortage encouraged-promoted vast-great affords-provides remote-far away available-obtainable vehicle-means （手段）in essence-basically constitutes-consists of gradually-little by little diminished-reduced diversity-variety expanses-areas prior-past acceleration-speeding up essential-fundamental outgrowth-result incentive-motive impede-obstruct severe-large convert-transform magnitude-extent beneficial-advantageous envisioned-conceived of scan-examine orbiting-revolving power-strength cases-situations exhibit-show unusual-uncommon thus-consequently constant-continued sequence-succession attain-reach on the other hand-however solitary-lone rotates-turns allocates-designates spoken for-claimed status-position in its own right-independent conceiving-imagining support-sustain alternative-option sequence-order periodic-regular elsewhere-in other places hampering-restricting accelerated-speeded up subjected to-placed under adjacent-nearby account for-explains roughly-approximately puzzle-question convert-transform spend-use practical-realistic critical-important tracing-following vital-important components-parts occasionally-sometimes aquatic-marine apparently-seemingly conveys-communicatates reacting-responding repel-ward off waves-groups rocked-moved capital-moneyprevailing-dominant laden-filledsplit-dividedanticipated-expected liabilities-limitationscompelling-powerfulnature-quality reinforced-strengtheneddiscovers-learns result-consequence dislodge-removetasks-responsibilitiesforage for-hunt for dissemination-spreadadvocating-recommending little more than-simplymere-insignificantflavor-essence(香精) dispersal-distributionsegment-partcomplex-elaborate proposed-hypothesizedvariation-changesubsequently-afterward inquiring-curiousalternative-differentreproduce-copy adorn-decoratesuggests-indicates refined-perfected pinnacle- high pointrecurred-reappeared rather-insteadat least-at the minimumaccompany-joinadded=extraanchor=hold in a placeabstract = not concrete advance = improvement accomplished = achieved admit (permit to enter) =let in adjusted = modified (adjusted adj.调整过的 ) annually = yearly avenue (大路，手段方法) = means = vehicle (传播手段，车辆)advent-introduce a matter of speculation-supposition(speculation的同义词) accumulate- collectappeal-attraction attachment to -preference for array=range (array n.排列, 编队, 军队, 衣服, 大批 vt.部署, 穿着, 排列) attendant- accompanying afford-provide available-obtainable apparent-obvious beckonfiltered= invite beckoning (引诱人的, 令人心动的)=inviting breed = reproduce (breed v.(使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养n.品种, 种类 ) brilliant-bright boost -raise boom-expansion beneficial-advantageous constant = stable counter of = in the opposition of continual = constant consistently= regularly counter of = in the opposite of critical -essential chisel=carve classic-typical close-careful couple-associate commemorate-celebrate correspondence 一致 = harmonies confine-limit camouflage-hide constituent-component counterpart -version consequently-therefore / thus convert-transform demand=need detrimental = harmful durable=lasting detractor n.诽谤者, 恶意批评者 = critic diffuse = traveldistinguish = notice from the difference distribute = spread devoted to-concentrated ondisturb-upset debate-argue daring - bold dispute-argument dangle-hang diversity-varied evoke=stimulate engage=involve exceeded = surpassed employ=use exceedingly - extremely endangered ( 将要绝种的) = not abundantentail(使必需, 使蒙受, 使承担)= involve (使卷入 使牵连， 使参与) erratic (不稳定的，古怪的) = irregular evenly(evenly adv.均匀地, 平坦地 ) = equally?exhibit (n. v. 展示，陈列)= feature expand = increaseexpress = communicate extraneous ( 无关紧要的，外来的) = inessential, from outside expressed-communicated (e.g. some concerns about forest are expressed till early 1900.)establishment-formation enclosure-surrounding ease - facilitateera-period elaborate adj./vt精心制作(的), 详细阐述(的), 精细 - detailembedded-encased expose to-subject to expanse区域-area expand = increasefor instance=for example forage=feed flourishing-thriving fragment-break up gap 缺口 ， 裂口 = opening given = particular hence =therefore harsh =drastic hazard=danger haul (拖拉, 拖运 )= pull heightening (提高，升高) = increasing hide = concealhub 中心=center host of大量 -great number hamper-make difficulty heed-notice hold-keep up heighten-increase indigenous本土的-native incorporable （adj.可结合的, 可包含的）= included immediately = closest( 说类人猿是人类最近的进化祖先) instant (adj. n. 片刻，瞬间) = momentinvariably = always initiate =begin; in spite of that : however?/font in quantity-in a large amount of inauspicious-unfavorable intimidating 威吓, 胁迫 incidental-minor point incoherently 无条理的 incorporate-include ingenuity- resourcefulness ingenious adj.机灵的, 有独创性的, 精制的, 具有创造才能 inhibit hinderinvade - move into invaluable-highly useful ?/div jeopardy=threaten judge (判断，评价) = estimate jolting -shocking key-significant landscape=scenery luxuriant=thrivinglaunch = start lack-without linked-connectedmaintain-continue moreover=in additionmatter = issue mask = disguise伪装milestone-significant events moreover-additionally monopolize -dominate motif-pattern monitored-observed ?/fontminutely详细地, 精密地-finely minute -tiny minuscule-tiny modification-alterationmilestone-significant development monotonous-boring nature-character notwithstanding -despite note-record outbreak = sudden increaseobscure=conceal occasion-event obtain -acquire prosperous-wealthy, premise = assumption parcel out= distribute procurement= obtain prohibited = extremely (e.g. prohibited high cost)pare away - remove pinnacle = high point pledge (保证, 誓言) = promise practically (几乎，差不多) = nearly premise 前提 v. 假设 =assume previous = past primitive (原始的，早期的，朴实无华的) = early principal = dominant principle = rule procure ( 获得，取得 acquire, obtain/ 实现，完成 = bring about, effect, procure a solution) principle - rule principal-main proximity-closeness procurement-obtain pore-hole prior - previouspredicament: difficult situation predicament-serious situation protruding-projecting potential-possible presumable-probably primary-dominant previously-before pose=present radical (基础的，根本的) = fundamental radical (激进的)= drastic rather than = instead of remedy (治疗)= cure, rigorous ?/span= demanding rival = competitor ramification 结果-consequence; ramification 分支-branch remarkable-incredible revolutiondramatic change rigorous-demanding. refreshing-unusual relevant adj.有关的, 相应的 rupture-burst radical-extreme remote-far away spontaneous = unplanned sacred = holy subject to = vulnerable to susceptible to = prone to succession-series sparse - not rich scrap=fragment set in motion(e.g. set the plan in motion) ?/span= start severe = harsh simultaneous (同时发生的)= at the same time solicit = request (solicit v.恳求 ，请求) specified (详细说明) = stated sturdy = strong subsequent (后来的，随后的) = later supplant = replace, substitute settle down stem from - grow out of staple-important soaked-absorbed split-divided scorching-exceedingly hot site-location singularly-particularly spur-stimulus sumptuous-luxurious shield-protect significant- meaningful spawn-create spot-identify snap-break shy away from-avoid tangible-physical, material tracts (of land) = area transfer = move tricky (狡猾的，棘手的)-difficulttendency=inclination teemed with-were full of underlying在下面的, 隐含的= inner underpinning (基础, 支柱, 支撑) = support, foundation utilitarian = functional ?/span(utilitarian adj.功利的, 实利的, 功利主义的 n.功利论者 ) unqualified(无条件的；不合格的) =complete （e.g. unqualified agreement 完全同意）universally-without exception unrestricted-unlimited undergone-experienced vigorous = strong vast-immense , greatvariability=tendency to change withstand=resist whatever -in any casewary-cautious way station-stop yield-provide abundant =plentiful account叙述，故事=description accommodate供给，容纳=provide for altered-changed ancient times=antique ancient=old, antiseptic 完全干净的，无菌的=clean archive（v.收集，存档）= stockarticle （物品）=objectcardinal （极重要的；深红色的）=fundamental celebrated=famous collaborate=cooperate; comprising=forming （comprise 由。组成， 包含）consequence （结果；重要性） =significance; constantly =always constellation（群集；星群）=collection conviction（深信；定罪）=strong belief deluxe豪华的=lavish devoid of = withoutdisassembled 分解，解开=broke apart dual 双的=double elaborate 精心制作的， 精细的= detailed element因素，气候因素=weather condition eliminate消除=remove （笔试中曾有 extract （提取，榨出）= remove）emergence出现=appearance; emergency紧急情况=crisis eventual=later evoke （引起， 唤醒）= promote far-reaching（深远的，广大的）=extensive, flourish繁茂的=thriving, harness=utilize huge=large inaccessible=unreachable incorporate（合并，混合）=include juncture 结合点=connection originally=at the first perilous=dangerous pertinent=relevant; posit假设= assume readily=easily rendering表现=presentation risky=dangerous rival=compete 竞争 role=function serene平静的=calmshift=change shiver=tremor颤抖， 震动 sole=only sporadic时有时无的，零星的 = irregular suited=appropriated surmise=guess sustenance食物，生计=food swiftly=quickly tailspin混乱total confusion terminal=final vast=immensealbeit虽然= although locale（现场，场所）= place indispensable绝对必要的= essential/ necessary rival = compete 对手，竞争者 groundwork 基础，地基；基本原理 =foundation;/basis; /base relatively= comparatively alarm = warning immobility 固定，静止=fixed constantly 经常的，不断的=always reveal = manifest / showhold (把握， 坚持， 持有，支持)=supportgroundless = unfounded 无根据的 remnant = remaining 残余 lucrative有利的；赚钱的 =profitable traversecross横过, 穿过, 经过 crushed=ground(grind) 碾碎了的,打碎了的 elapsed=passed, 过去的,经过的 encourage=stimulate 激励，刺激 toxic=poisonous 有毒的 isolated 隔离的= separated 分开的assertion断言，主张=strong statement discernible可辨别的=discriminating识别的, 有差别的protrude突出 = stick out伸出apart from=except for （apart from 兼有except 和besides 两个意思， 由上下文决定） surplus剩余=excess 过剩rise出现,上升=emerge cherish=valued珍爱；爱惜 modest = limited有节制的 asset优点， 资产= advantage thoroughly =completely 十分地,完全地,彻底的 mask =cover遮避掩护 counsel忠告=advise incursion=invasion 入侵 disintegrate = fall apart 分解 exceed =beyond above超越, 胜过 vivid=bright 鲜明的 fundamental=basic 基础的 listening 注意的,收听的 =advertent =attendant =attentive =observing =watchfuloption=choice 选项,选择 imprecise = inexact 不准确 simultaneously =at the same time 同时地 extend= stretch vast = extended 辽阔的 unadorned =not decorative未装饰的 ample= plentiful 充足的,丰富的 = spacious 宽敞的 depict=portray 描写,描绘 piecing=joining 连接物 consequence=result 结果 postulate= presume= hypotheses 假定 discernible = noticeable 可辨别的 chronic慢性的=confirmed（慢性的，证实的）ambivalent 矛盾的= mixed virtually=nearlyin respect to : in term of 关于 in respect to = in respect of= respecting=with respect to （也就是说respect 这些词组都是关于的意思）with respect to = in regard to 关于in respect to = in terms of 就。来说article（项目，条款）= item liberal宽大的，自由主义的= extensive； ornamentation = decoration 装饰的 tie 关系， 连接 = connectionrelative=comparative 比较的 endeavor=enterprise努力 so far=until present 目前为止 ground=reason 理由，原因 staunch坚定的= strong 坚固的 mandatory命令的,强制的=requiredexcavate挖掘=dig moreover=in addition 此外 monotone单调的=tedious乏味的 nevertheless=however; agile敏捷的=quick and active priority优先=ranking preference consider=think aboutdelicate=dainty精美的 bulk大多数， 大批=majority utilitarian功利的=functional spawn产卵，产生=produce narrow=limit precede领先， 在。之前 = beyond 超过， 超越virtually = almost = nearly roam（漫游，徘徊）=wanderchaotic混乱的=disorganized 无组织的 constraints=restriction 限制 penetrate=enter 进入 preserve=save=retain 保存 range (vi. 变化)=varyscope=extent 范围 spot=catch function=utilityequilibrium平衡=balance peak = highest pointillusion=impression? innovative=new primarily=mainly dilute冲淡=reduce; regulate控制，调节=controll specific = particular peculiar = strange assistance=help regardless =without consideringclear=visible save for=except for task=work imposing令人难忘的= impressive manifest= reveal comprehensive=understandable restricted= limited antithesis对立面= opposite derive得自= arise 起因于consequence= importance/ significancedrastic=extreme pertinent = relevant abundant=numerous foster抚育，鼓励=encouragespot认出，看到=seeariddry toil艰辛的工作 -work confront面对face rare-scarce; incorporating-including (不确定) inflate膨胀-expand； flourish-prosperous = thrivingdischarge=releaseburgeon迅速成长，发芽=expandrefine=improve ensue继起，随着发生=result 以。为结果，发生了enhance = intensifypotential - possiblerefuse垃圾-garbage float upward - rise needless to say=obvious (注意：选项中not to say迷惑了一批人)ineffective=without result， liberal宽大的，慷慨的，自由主义的=extensive component=constituent 组分， 要素typical=ordinaryfeast 宴会eating, vehicle方法，车辆method nearly-almost surplus-extra uniformly=consistently radically根本地=completely lucrative有利的=profitable flourishing = prospered proximity to =close to leisurely从容不迫地= slowly innovative=new eradicate根除= completely moved exaggerate = overstated agile 敏捷的= move and act quickly delicate = dainty infirm-weak therefore =consequently shrink = contract 收缩vital = essentialeradicate= removed comletely phenomenal异常的/非凡的；现象的/显著的=extraordinary become extinct = die out initially=originally conspicuous显著的 = notable perpetual永久的= constant不变的，持续的 reputation fame obscure 模糊的 not clear misunderstanding wrong idea consecutive连续的=successivesuspect=doubtimmense=great pigmentation染色=coloring collide with = run into article项目，物品 = itemsornament装饰 = decoratemaximum = the greatest size revenues 税收= incomedemise死亡=extinct certain=specified 指定的myriad 无数的=innumerable solo单独的=only essential=crucial 至关重要的perilous=dangerous moreover=in addition tempting诱惑人的=appealing 吸引人的；恳求的mundane 世俗的，平凡的 = ordinary substitute代替 = replaceparadoxically=seemingly contradictory vast = huge stimulate = prompt 促使cargo船货；货船 = shipment 装船，装载的货物traverse横贯 = cross cope 应付，处理 = deal predominantly = mainly route-path account叙述，故事=description arid=dry allied with = linked to access=reach astute狡猾且机敏的=clever avenue林荫道，方法 method = vehicle 手段， 车辆 appearance=rise出现，上升 appreciable=noticeable assert= strong statement accessible=easy to reach augment=increase absorb=take in attribute（v.） =credit （attribute to = credit to/with 把。归结于/归功于。）attribute(noun. 特征， 属性)=character aware of = familiar with agile=astute=clever = quick and active arise 发生， 出现 = emerge being生命，存在=creatures（大家很多人看过米兰。昆德拉的生命中不能承受之轻吧？ 其英文名为 the unbearable lightness of being） beforehand=foreordain 预先， 注定bulk大批，大多数=major part blossom=flourish barge驳船=boat broad appeal= popular cardinal=fundamental channel 引导= direct/ guide collide=hit each other contrive 发明， 设计； 图谋= create convinced=strong belief conviction = strong belief costly=expensive conserve=save chronically慢性地， 长期地=constant crest鸟冠，顶部=peakcompel=push configuration=arrangement camouflage=disguise 伪装consider=think about constraint = limitcomprise 包含； 构成，组成 = formcompletely=totally consequent=resulting convert to =change to curb控制=control collaborate=cooperate degree=extent depletion = drain 排干，流尽，耗尽deluxe豪华的=lavish duplicate=copy delight = pleased delicate=dainty distributi