英语介词用法.ppt

英语语法知识 介词用法 （ The use of preposition ） 介词 ( preposition ) 一 介词的分类与语法功能 1.介词是虚词， 不能单独做句子成分， 必须与名词、 代词（ 或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句 ） 构成介词短语，在句子中充当一个成分。 介词分为： 简单介词（由一个单词构成）: at 、 in 、 on 、for 、 to 复杂介词（由两个或两个以上单词构成）： within 、 inside 、 onto、throughout 复杂介词可以包括两个、三个、甚至四个单词，称为“双词介词 ”、“三词介词”、和“四词介词” according to/ out of/because of/instead of by means of/in spite of/at variance with/for fear of/on account of at the expense of/at the mercy of/for the benefit of/for the sake of/on the grounds of/on the score of/under the auspices of 双重介词 ： from behind /above / under , until after 分词介词 ：considering , including , judging from /by 1. It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast. 2. He quarrelled with her yesterday. 3. He succeeded in passing the final examination . 4. Im still thinking of how I can fulfill the task ahead of time. 5.The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well. 总结 1：介词后常接 名词、代词、动名词 、从句 、 不定式组成介词短语。 总结 2 : 介词短语在句子中可作表语、 定语 、状语和 宾补。 This machine is in good condition . Where is the key to my bike ? Nothing in the world could live without air or water . She always thinks herself above others 二. 介词搭配 1. 动词 介词 v rob sb of sth ( clear / inform /cheat / remind / accuse / cure . etc) v supply us with sth = supply sth to / for sb ( provide / fill ) v make sth of / from / into v 介词 the + 人体部位 （strike / catch / hit/ v prevent sb from doing v persuade sb into / out of doing sth ( advise/ warn /reason) v buy sth for sb ( leave / get / win / gain / lose ) v tell sth to sb ( show / teach / sing / write / read) v give sth to sb( allow / promise / pass / hand ) v say to sb ( suggest / explain / apologize / murmur /whisper) v 同一介词与不同动词 （ to / for / at 同一动词与不同介词的搭配 ( look / agree / hear / call /stand 2. 形容词 介词 afraid / angry / anxious / tired / strict / good popular / pleased / known / familiar 1. Im afraid _ being late for school because my head teacher is very strict _ us . 2. Einstein was known _ his theory of relativity _ a famous physics scientist _ the world . 3. He is angry _ what his e-pal has said for he is tired _ being laughed at by others . 4. The boy is familiar _ the fiction because it is very popular _ teenagers so far . 3. 名词 介词 1. The absence / lack of water is the most serious problem . 2. The girl has a good way _ studying English . 3. The key _ success lies in diligence and wisdom . 三 重点介词的用法归纳与辨析 1.表示世纪、年、月、 季、周 用 in / during , in the 1990s , in May , in spring ,in the first week of June 2. 在某一天或某天上、下午、晚上 、前夕 用 on 3. 在某一时刻、 或某一点时间用 at . 4. till , until , to 的用法。 1） till / until 与延续动词连用，用于肯定句，与短暂 动词连用用在否定句（ 在句首、强调句 不用till ). 2) to 表终结常与from 连用 from to from time to time from hand to hand from door to door from house to house from one + 名词 to another 表 “依次” 名词 + by + 同一名词 one by one 5. in , after , later in + 一段时间 . 常用 一般将来时。 after + 一段时间 . 常用一般过去时。 after + 点时间 . 用各种时态。 一段时间 later 过去时 6 . 地点介词 : at , on , in , to , off across , through over , under below , above to （ 静态 ）, towards ( 动态 ）,along 7. 表示方式、手段、 工具 的介词 by / through ( 表泛指 的方式、手段） by (交通工具类） by / with / in ( 方式、手段） 1.The boy likes writing _ a pen and especially likes writing _ blue and black ink . 2. He got full mark _ his own effort, he often contacts with his epals _ email . 8. 表 “ 除 之外 ” 的介词 besides , but except ， except for , except that 注意： 1） 前面有不定代词、 疑问代词时，多用but All but one are here . Nobody but I likes literature . 2） 后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but He has nothing to do but wait . 3) 固定短语 have no choice but to do sth （只得做某事） can not but do sth cannot help but do sth (不得不） but for / but that（要不是） 9. between / among (三者以上） 1） Mary is sitting _ Tom and wang Li. 2） She was busy _ cooking , washing , sewing and looking after the baby . 3）Shanghai is _the largest cities in the world . 4） A horse can be seen _ trees now. 1. He didnt come to the meeting _ his illness . 2. The reason _ his being angry is that he lost his cell phone. 3. _ a heavy snow , the highway has been closed up. 4. The accident is _ the drivers drinking . 10 表原因的介词： for , because of , due to , owing to , on account of , as a result of 11. 不定式复合结构中的 for , of 1）It is clever _ you to answer such a difficult answer. 2）It is mean _ her to give me so little pocket money . 3）It is quite impossible _ him to explain why . 4） It is hard _ you to learn a foreign language without perseverance . 12 . 兼类词 （ 兼作连词和副词） after since till / until before . 介词词组与某些限定分句的转换关系： 介词词组作状语和名词修饰成分，与某些作类 似用法的限定从属分句有一定转换关系： 1）介词词组在意义上相当于that-分句 Did anyone inform you of the change of the plans? Did anyone inform you that the plans had been changed? Are you sure about Simons disappearance? Are you sure that Simon has disappeared? The young man convinced everyone of his innocence. The young man convinced everyone that he was innocent. 2) 介词词组在意义上相当于状语分句： Because of his mistake several people died. Because he made a mistake, several people died. Despite the citys many attractions, Johnny still preferred his cottage in the country. Although the city has many attractions, Johnny still preferred his cottage in the country. Within my knowledge, nothing ike this has ever happened before. As far as I know, nothing like this has ever hap