关于高等院校英语专业写作课的探索与思考徐克容.ppt

关于高等院校英语专业写作 课的探索与思考 徐克容 2007年7月26日 提纲 2. 对当前专业英语大学生水平的评估 3. 英语写作教学中的几个问题的看法 1. 信息时代英语写作的重要性 第一部分 信息时代的英语写作 我们的时代与英语写作的关系 经济 全球化 信息 网络化 国际间的 交流日益 频繁 网络成为 交流重要 手段 网络的便捷与经济促进 了国际间、人际间书面 交流 信息时代的英语写作与学生的关系 英语专业学生未来工作的需要 学生目前学习与生活的需要 ?E-mail and mobile phone text messages ?Blog ?Application letters for short-term courses abroad in the summer vacation ?Papers required for an international event 第二部分 对大学生英语水平的 评估 基本状况 社会与科 技的发展 助学渠道 的开拓 教学改革 的成果 学生 总体水平 有了很大的提高 具体体现 有 进 步 有 较 大 提 高 有 较 大 提 高 口语听力阅读写作 相 应 提 高 写作能力的分析（1） 2内容丰富、题材多样 对比：王治郅与姚明； 索尼专卖店与联想专卖店的服务 校园恋情：网络恋情； 老少配的爱情能持久吗？ 为钱还是为爱？ 2思想开放、勇于触及敏感话题 同性恋问题；校园恋人同居问题 写作能力的分析（2） 2愿意探索不同的写作手段 喜欢用讽刺幽默的手法，如 Exams are under fire these days. Their opponents accuse them of stifling creativity and causing a high level of anxiety among students. Its a pity that they have all missed the boat. They are blind to the service exams have done and will continue to do for us. And they dont have a vision of the crisis we would face if the exam system is abolished. (Long Live Exams!) 写作能力的分析（3） 2学生的某些习作有一定深度 提高很快 But of all the students in the school, there were some, who would stop and listen. They would listen in silence, without complaining, without ignorance. They well knew that the 10- minute-alarm was not only mourning for the Nanjing Massacre victims, but mainly for us, who could hear the alarm, to get a clear understanding of this part of our history. (December the13th) 写作能力的分析（4） Throughout human history, man has experienced hundreds of thousands of disasters. We had panicked and regained our composure; we had lost our homes and rebuilt them upon the ruins. As the picture unfolds of how people face disasters, we see a mixture of sadness, wonder and hope. When people are faced with disasters, they are vulnerable. When people are faced with disasters, they are courageous. When people are faced with disasters, they are not easily resigned to fate. (Disasters, exam paper) 四大问题 语 法 词汇 搭配 动词句型 组织 逻辑 写作技巧 中式思维 中式语序 中式表达方式 Warnin g! 典型中式英语 vThere is no regret medicine in the word. (It is no use regretting what you have done./It no using crying over spilt milk.) vParents spin around their child. (Parents life is centered around their child.) vI was really glad they could squeeze some time out of the busy study to pay me a visit. (I was glad that they took time off to come and see me.) 结论 v以上所谈的优点大部分学生尚未具备，但还是 令人鼓舞，我们开到了希望，相信能培养出更 多的优秀学生写者(student writers)。 v所提及的问题是前进中的问题。如果他们还相 几年前写150词左右的作文，出现的问题也就 不会这么多。 v但是所普遍存在的问题，也是写作课今后要解 决的问题，也不能忽视。我们的目标是帮助学 生写出内容丰富，语言地道的高质量的作文。 v写作是目前是多数学生最薄弱的一个基本功。 第三部分 对英语写作教学中的几 个问题的看法 简要回顾EFL写作教学的历史 vEFL写作与母语为英语的写作没有本质的区别， 有关后者的研究基本都适用于前者。 v上世纪前期英语写作教学大体分为两派：技巧 派与内容派。 v上世纪末两派认识逐渐统一：写作既要重视内 容，也要重视技巧。 v当前西方两种方法是： 过程教学法(process-oriented approach) 成品教学法(product-oriented approach) v近几年广外王初明教授的写长法。 白猫，黑猫，抓着耗子就是好猫 v适合自己学生的方法就是最好的方法。 v学习各家的长处，走自己的路。 v一般的原则: 1.必须达到一定的量，鼓励学生多写。 2.理论、技巧点到即可。 3.内容与语言并重。 4.以激励为主，使学生想写。 批改作业 写作课时费力不讨好的一门重要的课程， 批改作业是写作教师最犯憷的事情。不少 专家提出了改进的办法，但是我们首先要 解决一个重要的问题：批改作业的目的。 v师生一对一的交流； v重点是“评”而不是“改”； v帮助学生提高的手段，而不仅仅是纠错。 方法 v不必每次都改，只批一个“阅”字； v不必每次全改； v组织学生互改，教师提供一个checklist。 几条原则： 1.教师一定不要把精力都适用于批改作业。 2.如果写作量少，应该每次都批改；但可以 精改与泛改相结合。 3.每次的作业都应该给评语，是否打分不重 要。西方流行sandwich的评语。 A Sandwich Comment On the whole it is a well-written essay: good organization, choice of words and argument. But I think the third arguments do not relate to the first two. Besides, avoid using long sentences that are not grammatically correct. Do a better job of proof- reading. I appreciate your effort in reviewing your peers essays. You have offered good comments and suggestions. Peer Evaluation v目的不是消灭几个错误，而是提高学生的分 析能力、判断能力以及他们对语言的认识（ awareness)。 v是过程教学法的一个重要的步骤。 v促进互相学习，相互帮助。 v教师往往受到启发。 v两个实例 实例 (1) I am very glad to see that you are making progress each time. I think it is a good essay. The structure is very clear and you organize your points in a logically way. You used definition and examples to make your essay more convincing. at the beginning you mentioned some people dont regard plagiarism as a serious matter which makes your essay an argumentative one. Good job! I think this is just where I failed. Perhaps in the future, youd better pay more attention to some specific words to make what you said more accurate. I am a little confused by some of your sentences. And I think the ending is a little weak. (Wang XX _ ) 实例 (2) Comments from Tian XX: Basically, this is a good essay. Your words are very powerful, and there are many convincing examples. I appreciate your language. There are some suggestions: You can develop more powerful and direct topic sentences for the first and third reasons you give. For the second and third reasons, youd better strike a balance between examples and your own analysis. 写作量的问题 v目前北外的作法 1.一年