电气-201509课件7科技论文写作2控制系统单词.ppt

Vocabulary 7 Process Control Process ControlVocabulary 7: v1. n.过程，进行；推移 process variable process field-bus production/technological process new process Automatic process control means that the instruments are applied to control the variables without requiring intervention from the operator. *real time control vThe four basic components of all process control systems are sensor, also often called the primary element; transmitter, also called the secondary element; controller, the “brain” of the control system; and final control elements (actuator). 过程变量过程现场总线 生产/工艺流程新工艺 实时控制 r(t) e(t) + - feedback sensor controlled process/ plant controller final control element (actuator) 将下述内容分别填入图中： sensor, transmitter, controller, final control element (actuator), feedback, r(t), e(t) transmitter （7） （6） （3） （4） （1 ）（2） （5） Process ControlVocabulary 7: vThe three basic operations that must be present in every control system are: 1) Measurement (M): Measuring the variable to be controlled is usually done by the combination of sensor and transmitter. 2) Decision (D): Based on the measurement, the controller must then decide what to do to maintain the variable at its desired value. 3) Action (A): As a result of the controllers decision, the system must then take an action. This is usually accomplished by the final control element or actuator. Process ControlVocabulary 7: v 2. n. 传感器 n. 变送器 n. 变换器 temperature sensor/transducer/transmitter thermal sensor temperature probe * thermocouple n. 热电偶 thermistor n. 热敏电阻 differential pressure level sensor Hall displacement transducer electromagnetic flow transmitter bellows pressure transducer target flow transmitter photoelectric tachometric/speed transducer 热传感器 温度探测器（探针） Process ControlVocabulary 7: 压差液位传感器 电磁流量传感器 霍尔式位移传感器 波纹管压力传感器 靶式流量变送器 光电式转速传感器 v 3. n. 控制器；调节器；控件 Controller：a mechanism that controls the operation of a machine temperature controller fuzzy controller v 控制算法 self-adaptive control algorithm servo control algorithm group control algorithm v proportional controller v proportional-integral controller v proportional-integral-derivative controller 温度控制器模糊控制器 自适应控制算法 伺服控制算法群控算法 比例控制器 比例积分控制器 比例积分控制器 P controller PI controller PID controller Process ControlVocabulary 7: v 4. n. 驱动器，执行机构 The common final control elements are control valves, electric motors, variable speed pumps and conveyors. electric/pneumatic actuator solenoid/ electromagnetic valve v 5. 直接数字控制体系结构 In the completely centralized direct digital control (DDC) architecture, the complete control strategy was executed in a computer. Because all the functions were concentrated into a computer, the entire system with all of its loops would fail if there were even a single fault. It was not uncommon to have local pneumatic controllers existing in the field on standby, ready to be put in operation once the DDC failed. 电动/气动执行机构 电磁阀 Process ControlVocabulary 7: v6. 分布式控制系统 The DCS (distributed control system) was a great improvement over the DDC in that the controls were now distributed over several smaller controllers that shared the tasks. This had the immediate benefit that a single fault would only affect part of the plant, not all of it as with the DDC. Field instruments were predominantly conventional analog devices. Process ControlVocabulary 7: Process ControlVocabulary 7: v7. 现场控制系统 One of the possibilities that a standard programming language and powerful communications features enable is the ability to perform control that is distributed into the field devices rather than a central controller. This new architecture based on field device capability is called Field Control System (FCS) and is an alternative to DCS in that the architecture is not controller-centric. vThe field instruments perform the regulatory control that in the process industries accounts for the bulk of the automation tasks. vThe linking device or a central controller may perform discrete logic and sequence controls. Vocabulary 7: Process Control control station (CS) operator station (OS) engineer station (ES) v8. 现场总线 fieldbus instrument foundation fieldbus local operating network controller area network highway addressable remote transducer Vocabulary 7: 控制站 操作员站 工程师站 基金会现场总线（FF总线） 局部操作网络（LON总线） 控制器区域网络（CAN总线） 总线仪表 可寻址远程变送器数据通路 （HART总线） Process Control Writing of Science Paper(2) 科技论文写作（2） v在摘要前要写明“abstract” ，学位论文写在摘要内容正 上方中央，且整个单词字母均大写 v一般使用非人称名词或第三人称作主语，不使用第一、 第二人称；根据内容可选择使用主动语态和被动语态； v翻译时，注意句子之间的关系，适当添加连接词或修正 译文使段落联系更紧密； v多采用过去时态叙述作者工作，以现在时态叙述作者结 论 ； v简单扼要、重点突出，尽量 200个单词 3.1 Abstract翻译要求 1. 如果我们测得地震波的走时和振幅，我们就能 够确定地下的几何形状并估算与岩石速度和密度有 关的声阻抗。 原译： If we measure the seismic travel time and amplitude, we can define the subsurface geometry and give estimates of the acoustic impedances related to rock velocities and densities. 改译（非人称名词作主语）：Seismic measurements of travel time and amplitude define the subsurface geometry and give estimates of the acoustic impedances related to rock velocities and densities. 3.2 Abstract翻译例句 2. 我们在分析破损材料时，通常需要先做直观判 断，再做实际试验。 采用非人称名词做主语，省去时间状语从句标记“when”。 译文：Analysis of a damaged material usually requires intuitive judgment followed by real-life testing. 3. 电子计算机之所以效率高，是由于其运算速度 快，而且计算准确。 译文：The effectiveness of the electronic computer lies in its great speed and accuracy in calculation. 3.2 Abstract翻译例句 1. 开头部分 一般用来回顾研究背景，可以阐明写作或研究目的，也可以介绍论文的 重点内容或研究范围。 目标、目的 介绍，讨论 提出 设计，研究 例： （1）本文的主要目标是 The primary( chief ) goal of this paper is （2）本文主要讨论 This article mainly discussed goal, intention, aim, objective describe, introduce, expound, discuss design, study, research present, propose, give, put forward 3.3 控制摘要常用句式及词汇 2. 方法介绍部分 一般是介绍试验过程、试验方法或者应用、用途等。 方法、步骤 描述，讨论 分析，开发 应用，提供，验证 例： （1）研究中使用的方法就是所谓的 The method used in this study is known as （2）他们采用的步骤可以简单描述为 The procedure they followed can be briefly described as method, approach, procedure describe, discuss analyze, develop use, offer, verify, testify 3.3 控制摘要常用句式及词汇 3. 结论部分 常用单词或短语： 结论是，得出结论 证明，表明 改善，揭示 例： （1）实验结果表明 The results of the experiment indicate that （2）结论是 It is concluded that （3）这项研究得到的这些结果使得作者得出 的结论 This findings of the research have led the author to the conclusion that conclude, lead to the conclusion improve, reveal prove, show, indicate, give, examine 3.3 控制摘要常用句式及词汇 设计方案 方案设计 工作原理 工作特性 控制方法、策略 设备选型 参数计算、设置 仿真研究 实时监控 design scheme scheme/ conceptual design operating principle working performance / performance characteristics control method/strategy equipment selection parameter calculation/setting simulation (research) real time monitoring/supervision 3.3 控制摘要常用句式及词汇 程序流程图 组态软件 虚拟仪器 信号采集 故障监测、保护 变频调速 变频器 主控制单元 configuration software virtual instrument signal acquisition/sampling fault monitoring/protection frequency control/conversion frequency converter main/master/primary control unit program flow chart 3.3 控制摘要常用句式及词汇 Examples ABSTRACT A novel variant of a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is reported. The proposed multi- objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is based on the maximim technique previously proposed for a multi- objective genetic algorithm. The technique is applied to optimize two types of problems: 摘要 本文给出了一种不同的新型多目标粒子群优化算法。这 种多目标粒子群优化算法以过去针对多目标遗传算法提出的 极大极小技术为基础，可用于优化解决两类问题， 断句，加主语 课堂练习翻译（控制） 1.本文提出了一种带有程序判断的智能数字滤波算 法。 （ filtering algorithm, program judgment ） 动词：propose 2.本文对传感器系统进行了较全面的抗干扰和系统 故障自诊断设计，保证了系统的稳定性和可靠性 。 （ anti-disturbance, system self-diagnosis ） 动词：design, guarantee Writing of Science Paper(3) 科技论文写作（3） 2.2 供电摘要常用词汇（名词短语） 电压等级 一二级负荷 电源进线、进线 双回路供电 双回路供电，配置后备发电机组。 Dual Feed Electricity Supply Backup Generator Set. 大厦采用双回路供电，配有应急发电机。 Double circuit power supply and emergency generator for the building. voltage grade/level first order/class load double circuit power supply dual feed electricity supply power supply wire / incoming feeder 2.2 供电摘要常用词汇（名词短语） 方案论证 母线、母排 单母线分段 双母线接线 单母线带旁路 桥式结构、接线 负荷计算 需要系数法 备用容量 高（低）压侧 bridge (architecture/connection) project approachment double bus connection bus / busbar single bus with subsection connection main and transfer busbar load calculation demand factor method high-/low-voltage side reserve capacity 2.2 供电摘要常用词汇（名词短语） 蓄电池 功率因数（表） 无功功率补偿 短路点 短路电流计算 总降压变电所 油浸式变压器 干式变压器 (空气绝缘变压器) dry-type transformer air-immersed transformer oil-immersed transformer substation short-circuit current calculation short circuit calculation short dot / fault point (location) reactive power compensation power factor (meter) storage battery 2.2 供电摘要常用词汇（名词短语） 高压开关柜 低压开关柜 联络柜 配电柜 串并联电抗器 电压互感器 电流互感器 高压断路器 高压隔离开关 PT：potential transformer distribution cabinet high-tension switch cabinet low-voltage switchgear bus tie cabinet shunt/paralleling reactors high-voltage circuit breaker / primary cut-out high-voltage disconnect / isolating switch CT：current transformer 2.2 供电摘要常用词汇（名词短语） 二次回路 过电流保护 速断保护 差动保护 接地保护 地下电缆 架空线 接地开关 设备 secondary circuit overcurrent protection instantaneous overcurrent protection fast-trip grounding protection differential protection underground cable overhead line/wire earthing switch equipment/ device/instrument/facility 该设计从变电所前期规划与设计、所址的选择、设备选型、 设备安装等多个环节进行了系统的阐述。 The design from the early planning and design of the substation, the choice of the site, equipment selection, equipment installation