高考英语二轮复习与增分策略 专题一 阅读理解 第三节 题组练习 5 说理议论

说理议论A(2017四川宜宾二次诊断)Famous people have a lot of influences on cultural trends，like it or not.When Oprah goes on a 21-day vegan diet，it makes headlines.When Amal Clooney wears a Stella McCartney dress，sales go way up.However，one trend that seems harmlessbut is actually harmfulis the pressure on stars to have their photos taken with rare animals.Famous people who are asked to have photos taken with wild animals for a magazine spread or who do so while on vacation always have good intentions and even love animals.This makes them easy targets for the often greedy amusement parks and fake animal centers.These business people love the thought of sharing pictures of a star hugging a baby tiger or a whale.Kind people are naturally drawn to places that claim to offer rare animals safety and are eager to see elephants paint，to hug baby bears or to swim with dolphins.However，being frequently exposed has shown that many of these business people are breeders(饲养动物者)，dealers or exhibitors that are using stars goodwill for their own ends.In some Asian countries，elephants are kept in camps.A few camps are working to help elephants in trouble，but the vast majority are not，and training methods are barbaric.As soon as the cameras are gone after someone like Prince William takes a photo with an elephant，the chains go back on.Fans tell the stars：Stay away from wild animal photos，and the animals will be grateful.Of course，you dont have to be famous to make a difference.Whether right here at home or at an exotic locale abroad，every one of us must fight the desire to take a photo with an elephant or hug a baby tiger.语篇解读本文为议论文。为了表达对动物的热爱，一些名人常与动物一起拍照。这种现象已经成为一种文化潮流，但作者认为在大部分情况下，这种方式有百害而无一利。1Why are Oprah and Amal Clooney mentioned in Paragraph 1?ATo introduce the topic of the passage.BTo promote the cultural influence on stars.CTo remind people how important the trend is.DTo show famous peoples pressure from wild animals.答案A解析推理判断题。第一段的最后一句作者点出本文的主题，由此可见作者首先提及Oprah及Amal Clooney旨在引出主题，故答案为A项。2What can we learn from the passage?AThe business people offer chances to stars to get close to animals.BFamous stars use photos with rare animals to make a difference.CBusinessmen take advantage of stars goodwill to earn money.DThe kind and rich people are easily attracted to visit wild animals.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“.many of these business people are breeders，dealers or exhibitors that are using stars goodwill for their own ends.”可知答案为C项(商人利用明星们的善意来赚钱)。其他三项在文中均未被提及，故全部排除。3What does the underlined word “barbaric” in Paragraph 3 mean?AEffective. BCruel.CScientific. DKind.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“.but the vast majority are not.”和其后一句“As soon as the cameras are gone after someone like Prince William takes a photo with an elephant，the chains go back on.”可推知：训练动物的方法是残忍的(cruel)，故答案为B项。4What is the passage mainly about?AThe number of elephants and tigers is increasing.BKeeping away from animal pictures can protect them.CPeople will be encouraged to take photos with animals.DThe famous may have a negative influence on cultural trends.答案D解析主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句可推知本题答案为D项(名人对文化潮流可能会造成负面影响)。B(2017江西九江十校联考)As graduation draws near，those who havent landed a job yet may be desperate to find one.Perhaps some of the job offers they have received are below their skill and experience levels.Is it better to take these offers，or reject them and remain unemployed?Recently，David Pedulla，a University of Texas sociologist，conducted a study about how taking a job below your skill level could affect your future employment.In the study，Pedulla developed resumes for imaginary job applicants.The job seekers he created had a few things in common.They had a college degree，worked nearly two years at their first job，and about 4.5 years at their second job.What differed was their third job in the most recent year.They either had a full-time job that matched their skills，a part-time job below their skill levels，or were unemployed.Then Pedulla submitted 2,420 resumes based on his imaginary job seekers，along with cover letters，to online ads for 1,210 real jobs.Each applicant had a real phone number that employers could contact if they were interested in talking with the applicant further.The callback rates varied widely based on how the imaginary job seekers had spent their last year.The applicants who had full-time jobs the previous year were called back 10.4 percent of the time.Those whose most recent year of employment was in a job below their skill levels were only called back about 5 percent.Male applicants unemployed for a year were called back 4.2 percent of the time，while the figure is 7.5 percent for unemployed females.However，Pedulla cautioned that the experiment only measured the initial interest of employers in his fictional job candidates，not whether the employers would hire them or what they would be paid based on their most recent job experiences.语篇解读工作与自身水平相称有多重要？你对于自己的第一份工作有何打算？仓促上岗使不得，每份工作都会影响你未来发展的轨迹。5The purpose of the first paragraph is .Ato lead in the topicBto present an argumentCto shock the readersDto describe the present situation in job seeking答案A解析推理判断题。通读全文可知这篇文章主要介绍了美国一位社会学家做的一份“接受低于自身技能水平的工作，可能会影响未来就业前途”的调查。根据第一段的内容可知其目的主要是引出话题。6Which statement is NOT true about Pedullas experiment?AThe applicants had some things in common at their first two jobs.BThe applicants resumes and phone numbers are created by Pedulla.CThe applicants most recent job experiences affected the callback rates.DUnemployed female applicants got a higher callback rate than males.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Each applicant had a real phone number that employers could contact.”可知B项不符合原文；根据第三段的第二、三两句可排除A；根据倒数第二段的第一句可排除C；根据倒数第二段的最后一句可排除D。7What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AThe applicants with a high callback rate would surely be hired.BThe applicants most recent job experiences would decide their salaries.CThere are some limits about what lessons can be taken from the study.DIt is better to take a job offer below ones skill level than to reject it.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是 “However”“cautioned”“only measured”等词语可推断出从这个研究中学到的东西有局限性。8In which section may the text appear in a newspaper?ACareer. BScience.CCulture. DEducation.答案A解析文章出处题。文章主要介绍了美国得克萨斯大学的一位社会学家做的一份“接受低于自身技能水平的工作，会如何影响未来就业前途”的调查。故最有可能在职场版面见到这篇文章。C(2017第二次全国大联考)There are many useful things we can do each day to feel better.It may take some efforts and time to make a habit of drinking 8 glasses of water daily or thinking more positively，but it is well worth it.What things do you do every day to feel better?Probably the healthiest thing you can do to feel better each day is to exercise early in the morning.You dont have to run the whole morning or spend a few hours in the gym.Even doing some easy exercise like walking，sit-ups or jumping the rope will help you feel better in no time!Again，due to our busy schedules，we dont get enough sleep each night.If you have trouble falling asleep，avoid watching TV or surfing the Internet right before bed.Also，try to make healthy bedtime snack choices and dont drink tea or coffee too late in the day.If you drink 3 glasses of water,4 glasses of coffee or tea and a glass of soda each day and think that you drink enough water，think again.Your body needs water (not coffee or soda！) to function properly.Aiming to drink 78 glasses of water each day can make you feel better.Being positive is the key to a longer life.Positive thoughts can help improve your overall health.Life is full of stressful situations and its hard to stay cheerful when everything goes wrong，but your positive attitude can help you solve any problem and fight any stress faster and easier.Your positive attitude is especially good for your heart health.Smile，stay positive and live a longer life!语篇解读本文介绍了为获得身心健康和长寿，人们应该做的事情和应该有的处世态度。9In the authors opinion，which can benefit us most in order that we feel better?ASleeping enough.BDrinking enough water.CThinking more positively.DTaking morning exercises.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知。10Which of the following agrees with what is said in Paragraph 3?ADrinking tea or coffee makes us sleep less.BDrinking tea before bed makes it harder to fall asleep.CWatching TV or surfing the Internet leads to less sleep.DOur busy schedules cause more difficulty in falling asleep.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“If you have trouble falling asleep，avoid watching TV or surfing the Internet right before bed.Also，try to make healthy bedtime snack choices and dont drink tea or coffee too late in the day.”可知选B。11Why is water necessary to our body?ABecause it can make us feel better.BBecause it can have our body work smoothly.CBecause it can do more good to our body than coffee.DBecause it can help avoid feeling thirsty.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Your body needs water (not coffee or soda！) to function properly.”可知选B。12What do we need most when everything goes wrong?AThinking positively.BThinking out wise ways.CHaving a right attitude.DStaying cheerful.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“its hard to stay cheerful when everything goes wrong，but your positive attitude can help you solve any problem and fight any stress faster and easier”可知选A。D(2017山东淄博二模)Ever since Donald Trump was elected the president of the US，the entire Trump family has been put under a microscope.In China，the spotlight has been mainly focused on Trump and his daughter Ivanka.She is described on WeChat as an extremely influential role model with striking beauty，a successful career，and a happy family.She leads a dream life that a million girls would long for.Yes，she was born with a silver spoon in her mouth.But she got where she is by herself.Theres always going to be articles that say people born into wealthy families are better-looking and have a better family background than you，but these people do work harder than you.There is a tendency in the media nowadays to encourage elitism(精英主义)They are trying to brainwash young people into thinking that they should invest an enormous amount of time and money in bodybuilding and appearance improvement，even plastic surgery.They make you believe that if you do as they say，you can improve the quality of your life and join the upper class.But whats the downside of being average or common？Do you really need to go to the gym five days a week unless you are a gym crazy？Do you really need to break your neck and sacrifice to earn your first pot of gold only to worry constantly about how to fit in high society later?Dont let the idea of elitism get to you.Everybody has a right to the life they want.Human beings should not be judged as a success or failure based on whether they are a part of the upper class or not.As long as you lead a happy and comfortable life，why bother to chase after other peoples shadows？Choose your own life path and go for it.语篇解读本文为议论文。本文由美国新当选总统特朗普的女儿伊万卡的“完美人生”引发人们的思考人们是否必须成为“精英”并过“精英生活”？13Which of the following about Ivanka is NOT mentioned in the text?AShe was born in a wealthy family.BShe made it due to her father.CShe has a successful career.DShe is pretty beautiful.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“striking beauty”“a successful career”及“was born with a silver spoon in her mouth”可排除A、C、D三项。B项(她是靠她的父亲成功的)与第二段最后一句“But she got where she is by herself.”不符，故答案为B项。14What is the authors attitude towards the tendency in the media about elitism?AUnconcerned. BDoubtful.CNegative. DApproving.答案C解析观点态度题。根据文章最后两段可推知作者对媒体鼓励“精英主义”这一趋势持否定态度，故答案为C项。15What may be the best title for the text?ARun After Stars ShadowsBElitism and the Upper ClassCTrump and His Daughter IvankaDFollow Your Own Course in Life答案D解析标题归纳题。作者在文章最后一句点出了本文的主题(选择你自己的路并走下去)，故答案为D项。.单词梳理1Freezing winter is harmful(harm) to orange trees.2Their efforts to improve the production have been very effective(effect)3He had just attended his daughters graduation(graduate)4He desperately(desperate) saw her disappear into the crowd.5Recently(recent) they have discovered a comet(彗星)6He stated positively(positive) that he had never seen the man.7Although my uncle is old，he looks very strong and health