高考英语冲刺导练（19）

“讲忠诚、严纪律、立政德”三者相互贯通、相互联系。忠诚是共产党人的底色，纪律是不能触碰的底线，政德是必须修炼的素养。永葆底色、不碰底线天津市耀华中学2017届高考英语冲刺导练（19） 【读写应用综合训练】一、完形填空Cloze 1_19记叙文 -9 政德才能立得稳、立得牢。要深入学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是习近平总书记关于“立政德”的重要论述，深刻认识新时代立政德的重要性和紧迫性。Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top 41 , but on their way back conditions were very 42 . Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon 43 alone, he would probably get back 44 . But Simon decided to risk his 45 and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope. As they 46 down, the weather got worse. Then another 47 occurred. They couldnt see or hear each other and, 48 , Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice (峭壁). It was 49 for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up. Joes 50 was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice. 51 , after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to 52 . In tears, he cut the rope. Joe 53 into a huge crevasse (裂缝) in the ice below. He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain. He couldnt walk, but he 54 to get out of the crevasse and started to 55 towards their camp, nearly ten kilometers 56 . Simon had 57 the camp at the foot of the mountain. He thought that Joe must be 58 , but he didnt want to leave 59 . Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joes voice. He couldnt 60 it. Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive. 41. A. hurriedly B. carefully C. successfully D. early 42. A. difficult B. similar C. special D. normal 43. A. climbed B. worked C. rested D. continued 44. A. unwillingly B. safely C. slowly D. regretfully 45. A. fortune B. time C. health D. life46. A. lay B. settled C. went D. looked47. A. damage B. storm C. change D. trouble 48. A. by mistake B. by chance C. by choice D. by luck49. A. unnecessary B. practical C. important D. impossible 50. A. height B. weight C. strength D. equipment51. A. Finally B. Patiently C. Surely D. Quickly52. A. stand back B. take a rest C. make a decision D. hold on53. A. jumped B. fell C. escaped D. backed54. A. managed B. plannedC. waited D. hoped 55. A. run B. skate C. move D. march56. A. around B. away C. above D. along 57. A. headed for B. travelled to C. left for D. returned to58. A. dead B. hurt C. weak D. late59. A. secretly B. tiredly C. immediately D. anxiously60. A. find B. believe C. make D. accept二、阅读理解Reading Comprehension 阅读微技能 Micro Reading Skills解析与训练 系列微技能：5.理解大意General idea；测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的基本论点、大意、主题、标题或目的而设题。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行概括或总结。阅读中要抓住文中概括性的信息，上下文连贯来理解全文，看作者主要谈的是什么，透过文字叙述来归纳主题，再从选择项中找出最符合表达主题思想的选项。确定的标题或主旨意义范围要能涵盖全文，不能太大也不能太小。命题者常常利用生活常识、文中局部或细节作为干扰项，需要学会辨别。 Passage 2016天津卷 DFailure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue (疲惫) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it is either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical (按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the days work with the difficult task of essay-writing. Experience proved that the rule works.Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can-then let the unconscious take over.When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica (大英百科全书), I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after day I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.Human beings, I believe, must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.51. People with start-up fatigue are most likely to . A. delay tasksB. work hardC. seek helpD. accept failure52. What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue? A. Writing essays in strict order.B. Building up physical strength. C. Leaving out the toughest ideas.D. Dealing with the hardest task first.53. On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue? A. Before starting a difficult task.B. When all the solutions fail. C. If the job is rather boring.D. After finding a way out.54. According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us . A. ignore mental problemsB. get some nice sleep C. gain complete reliefD. find the right solution55. What could be the best title for the passage? A. Success Is Built upon FailureB. How to Handle Performance Fatigue C. Getting over Fatigue: A Way to SuccessD. Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems Passage 2 Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishierthe shark. Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms. Lauren Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on sharks ability to sense pressure. If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather. Miss Smith had previously studied the behaviour of lemon sharks in the Bahamas. She then used their close relatives, lesser spotted dogfish, for further research at Aberdeen University.Her workthought to be the first of its kind to test the pressure theory resulted from the observation that juvenile blacktip sharks off Florida moved into deeper water ahead of a violent storm in 2001.Miss Smith said: “Ive always been crazy about traveling and diving and this led me to an interest in sharks.” “I was delighted to have been able to research in the area for my degree. I know theres so much more we need to understandbut it certainly opens the way to more research.”It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system. At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature, while also tracking them using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology.In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal (潮汐的) and temperature changes on dogfishnone of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic (模拟) oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts.She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research.44. The passage is most probably taken from _. A. a short-story collectionB. a popular science magazine C. a research paperD. a personal diary45. What do we learn from the first four paragraph of the passage? A. Sharks may be used to predict bad weather.B. Sharks behaviour can be controlled. C. Michael Fish is not qualified for his job.D. Lauren Smith will become a weather forecaster.46. Lauren Smith conducted her research by _. A. removing hair cells from a sharks balance systemB. measuring the air pressure of weather fronts C. recording sharks body temperatureD. monitoring sharks reaction to weather changes47. What is the passage mainly about? A. A popular way of forecasting weather. B. A new research effort in predicting storms. C. Biologists interest in the secrets of sharks.D. Lauren Smiths devotion to scientific research.训练 2015 湖南卷AForget Cyclists, Pedestrians are Real Danger We are having a debate about this topic. Here are some letters from our readers. Yes, many cyclists behave dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists. But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders. People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere. The rest of us have to evade (避让) them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision. The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be, at least for the moment, in worlds of their own that are, to them, much more important than the welfare of others. Michael Horan I love the letter from Bob Brooks about cyclists (Viewpoints, May 29). I am afraid they seem to think they own the roads. I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me. The government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used. The police do nothing. What a laugh they are! The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets, fluorescent (发荧光的) jacket and lights at night and in the morning they should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them. Carol Harvey Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red. I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him. Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists? Its about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be treated and there might be an opportunity to claim. JML Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper.56. Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that _. A. drivers should be polite to cyclistsB. road accidents can actually be avoided C. sine pedestrians are a threat to road safetyD. walking while using phones hurts ones eyes57. Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists should _. A. be provided with enough roadsB. be asked to ride on their own lanes C. be made to pay less tax for cyclingD. be fined for laughing at policemen58. What is a complaint of JML? A. Very few drivers are insured.B. Cyclists ride fast on pavements. C. Pedestrians go through red traffic lights.D. Horse riders disrespect other road users.59. The underlined word they in the third letter refers to _. A. accidentsB. vehiclesC. pedestriansD. cyclists60. The three letters present viewpoints on _. A. real source of road dangerB. ways to improve road facilities C. measures to punish road offencesD. increased awareness of road rulesBIn its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies, No, thanks. Ive got a good horse under me.The city planner decided to build an underground drainage (排水) system, but there simply wasnt enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced me the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the citys streets by as much as 12 feet.This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building?Thats where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews (螺旋千斤顶) beneath the buildings foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullmans signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stay open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didnt even notice anything was happening. Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicagos early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicagos waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the citys next step was to clean the polluted river.61. The author mentions the joke to show _. A. horses were fairly useful in ChicagoB. Chicagos streets were extremely muddy C. Chicago was very dangerous in the springD. the Chicago people were particularly humorous62. The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to_. A. get rid of the street dirtB. lower the Chicago River C. fight against heavy floodsD. build the pipes above ground63. The underlined word hoist in Paragraph 4 means _. A. changeB. liftC. repairD. decorate64. What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel? A. It went on smoothly as intended.B. It interrupted the business of the hotel. C. It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews.D. It separated the building from its foundation.65. The passage is mainly about the early Chicagos _. A. popular life styles and their influencesB. environmental disasters and their causes C. engineering problems and their solutionsD. successful businessmen and their achievementsCHave your parents ever inspected your room to see if you cleaned it properly? Imagine having your entire houses, garage, and yard inspected at any time - with no warning. Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse (灯塔) living, and a keepers reputation depended on results. A few times each year, an inspector arrived to look over the entire light station. The inspections were supposed to be a surprise, but keeper sometimes had advance notice.Once lighthouses had telephones, keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approaching. After boats began flying special flags noting the inspector aboard, the keepers family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first. As soon as someone spotted the boat, everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes. The keeper then scurried to put on his dress uniform and cap. Children of keepers remember inspectors wearing white gloves to run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking for dust.Despite the serious nature of inspections, they resulted in some funny moments. Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection. At the time, people did not have dishwashers in their homes. In an effort to clean up quickly, Mrs. Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth and stuck them in the oven. If the inspector opened the oven door, it would look like bread was baking. he never did.One day, Glenn Fursts mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered their house. Like floor wax, the oil made the floors shiny and helped protect the wood. This time, though, she used a little too much oil. When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenns mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface. He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight, Glenn late wrote. After he steadied himself, he shook Glenns mothers hand, and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.66. What does Paragraph I tell us about the inspection at the light station? A. It was carried out once a year.B. It was often announced in advance. C. It was important for the keepers fame.D. It was focused on the garage and yard.67. The family began making preparations immediately after _. A. one of the members saw the boatB. a warning call reached the lighthouse C. the keeper put on the dress uniform and capD. the inspector flew special flags in the distance68. Mrs. Byrnes put the dishes in the oven because this would _. A. result in some funB. speed up washing them C. make her home look tidyD. be a demand from the inspector 69. If the i