《名词性从句讲解》word版.doc

名词性从句讲解在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why1. 主语从句 （两种结构，三类连接词）两种结构1. 主语从句位于句首： What he wants is a book. Who kept the door open all night was unknown.2. 主语从句位于句尾，it 作形式主语。（1） It + be + 名词 + that从句 Its a pity that we cant go. Its no surprise that our team should have won the game. （2） It + be + 形容词 + that从句. It seems obvious that we can not go on like this. （3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. （ 4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that 三类连接词:1. 连词that whetherthat引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义,在句中不做成分,不可以省。whether 引导的主语从句:whether有含义(是否),在句中不做成分,不可以省。That you will win the medal seems unlikely. That she survived the accident is a miracle. Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much. 2. 连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分.What you need is more practice.What I want to know is this. Whatever we do is to serve the people.3.连接副词when, where, why, how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。) Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will come hasnt been made pubic. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 练习1. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever2. It was he said disappointed me. A. what ; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what3. well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where4. he said at the meeting surprised everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter5._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How6. It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master7.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have8. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It2. 宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you. 。 She always thinks of how she can work well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。I know (that) he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）I know (that) he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。We dont think you are here. I dont believe he will do so. 练习1. _ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. Thatwhat B. Whatthat C. Thatwhich D. Whatwhich2. Excuse me would you please tell me _ A. when the sports meet is taken place B. when is the sports meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to begin D. when the sports meet is to take place3. Do you happen to know _ A. what size shoes he wears B. how big shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoes D. what number shoes are his4. Where do you think _ A. has he gone B. has he been C. hes gone D. was he5. Do you know _ A. how many populations there are in the world B. how much population there is in the worldC. how many the population of the world isD. what the population of the world is6. He didnt know which room _.A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in7. The little boy ate _ his mother gave him.A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what8.He insisted that he _ in good health and _ to work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send9. They discussed _ they could settle the problem without others help.A. if B. that C. what D. whether10. He said that he was fond of _.A. what beautiful is B. what is beautiful C. beautiful is what D. what it is beautiful1-5BDACD 6-10 BCADB3. 表语从句1.that引导的表语从句that仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不能省略。这种从句往往对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句。如：The fact is that we have lost the game. What surprised me most was that all the pupils were unusually quiet.当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.2.wh-疑问词引导的表语从句连接代词what，which，who，whom，whose除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。如：The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.(who在从句中作主语)Tom is no longer what he used to be.(what在从句中作系动词be的表语)连接副词when,where,how,why除在句中起连接作用外，在从句子中还充当时间，地点，方式，原因状语，本身具有词义。如：Thats where I cant agree with you. whether引导的表语从句连接词whether起连接作用，意为“是否，究竟，到底”(注意：if不能引导表语从句)，在句中也不作任何成分。The question is whether that man will turn up in time. 3.其他连词as if,because,as,as though引导的表语从句because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is/was because.”结构中。as if/as though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be，become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。如：The elephant feels as if/though he were a wall.It looks as if it is going to rain. 4.主语是表示建议、命令、要求等的名词，那么表语从句应该用虚拟语气，即should后接动词原形,(should可以省略)。如：His suggestion is that we (should) climb all the way to the top of the hill.练习1.The problem is _will go to the meeting.A. why B. when C. what D. who2.It looks _ it were going to rain.A. even if B. as if C. even though D. like3.That is _ he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how4.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why5.What Im considering now _ the money we need.A. is B. are C. were D. was6. The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such1-6DBCDAC4. 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting. I have no idea when he will come back home. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句: The news that we won the game is exciting.（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）The news that he told me is exciting.（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）练习1. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion _ for a walk in the park.A. we go B. we will go C. should we go D. that we go2.The fact _ she had not said anything surprised all of us.A. which B. what C. that D. how3. Now there is a danger _ the ground may fall in (沉下) under the heavy traffic.A. whether B. if C. X D. that4. Last Sunday he made a promise _ he was free he would take me to Qingdao.A. if B. that C. that if D. whether1-4DCDC名词性从句1. _ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. A. That B. What C. Who D. Which2. Experts believe_ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. A. why B. where C. that D. what3. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. A. how B. that C. which D. where4. _ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. A. Whoever B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Wherever5. Its good to know_ the dog