By 与 through 的区别.doc

by 与 through 的区别1by（1）表示方法，手段。即“用.， 通过.以方式”相当于by means of 如：all work had to be done by hand 所有的工作都是手工进行的。he makes a living by teaching 他以教书为生。it happened through no fault of mine.这件事的发生, 并非由于我的任何过错。he saluted her by raising his hat.他举起帽子向她致意。she earned money by writing.她靠写作挣钱。根据；按照to play by the rules按规则比赛相差his horse won by a nose.他的马以一鼻之差取胜。（2）表示传达、传递的方式或煤介。如：how did you send the letter, by airmail or by ordinary mail?你是怎么发送的这信，是通过航天邮件还是普通邮件？（3）表示用交通工具、通讯工具后接名词单数，不加冠词。如：he came by train, but his wife came by bus. 他是乘火车来的，可是他老婆是坐公共汽车来的。注意下面两句的区别：did you come by train? =did you come in his car / on my bike?“by +抽象名词”构成的词组有：by accident / by chance / by diligence / by effort / by force / by heart / by luck / by mistake / by hard work.（4）指数量增加或减少到的程度，相差。we lost the match by one goal 我们仅以一球之差输了比赛。（5）根据，按照pay sb by the hour /day/weeksell sth by the pound /meter/ dozensell sth by weight/lengthas a rule，domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid by the hour 通常，家政服务是按照小时计酬的。they marched by night.他们夜里进军。2. through（1） 表示“以；通过；经由”。如：he succeeded through hard work.（2） 空间上通过，透过，经过light comes in through the window。光线从窗户进来。（3） 时间上通过， 自始至终，从头到尾经过he often works through the night 他常常通宵工作。注意：在表示手段表示“藉着；以；经由”时，by, through有时也可换用。如：through his efforts he succeeded in making so many useful inventions.by his efforts he succeeded in making so many useful inventionshe became rich through hard work.他靠努力工作而致富。3、固定搭配1）throughthrough：透；彻底be wet through浑身湿透through：自始至终，从头到尾have you read the letter through?你看完信了吗？through：情况好；取得成功i got through with good marks.我考的成绩很好。through：打通，接通（电话）can you put me through to mr jones?请帮我接通琼斯先生的电话。through：做完的；完成的；完毕的im not through just yet.我还没做完。through：从头到尾travel through the country游遍全国go through a bottle of wine喝完一瓶酒through the ages 古往今来you are through.英你要的电话接通了。are you through?美你的电话打完了吗?2) byby and by不久以后；不一会儿by and large全盘；总的来说in days gone