2013年职称英语考试 理工类 C级 阅读理解 押题 【必考】 .pdf

1 专业第 19 课 理工 c 阅读押题 机会只给有准备的人。机会只给有准备的人。 opportunities are only for the prepared person. 理工 c 阅读押题 共 2 篇文章 第十一篇 when our eyes serve our stomach 第十九篇 musical robot companion enhances listener experience 第十一篇 when our eyes serve our stomach 胃 理工阅读 c 我们的视觉服务于我们的胃口 our senses arent just delivering a strict view of whats going on in the world; theyre affected by whats going on in our heads. a new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people whove just eaten. 我们的五官不仅仅让我们感知世界；还受大脑活动的影响。一项新研究发 现：比起那些刚刚用过餐的人，饥饿的人能更清晰地看到与食品有关的词。 psychologists have known for decades that whats going on inside our head affects our senses. for example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter, remi radel of university of nice sopbia-antipolis, france, wanted to investigate how this happens. does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brains high-level thinking processes get involved. 数十年以来，心理学家已经知道我们的心理活动直接影响到我们的视觉。 例如， 贫穷的孩子看到的硬币比实际的要大； 饥饿的人看到的食物图片更明亮。 法国的尼斯 o 索菲亚 o 安提波利斯大学试图调查这一现象： 发生这种情况的时 2 间是在大脑从眼睛接收到视觉信号的即时还是稍后些， 这时高级思维活动已经 介入了。 radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. on the day of his or her rest, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. then they were told there was a delay. some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. so half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten. 雷戴尔招募了健康指数正常的 42 位学生作为被试者。在测试的当天，每 个学生被告知在中午到达实验室，这时距上一次的用餐时间有 3-4 个小时。 等他们到达实验室时， 他们被告知实验时间有延迟。 一半学生被告知十分钟后 再回来;其余的给 1 个小时的时间先吃午饭。所以一半学生饿着肚子，另一半 学生饱腹参加了此次实验。 for the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. one by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about 1/300th of a second each. they flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. a quarter of the words were food-related. after each word, each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words theyd seen -a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it. 实验的步骤如下：要求被试者看电脑屏幕。屏幕上的 80 个字以 1/300 秒的 频率闪动。由于字体非常之小，被试者只能凭感觉捕捉到字形。1/4 的字是与 食物有关的。每闪动一个字，被试者回答字体的亮度并选择看到的是哪类词： 一类是和食物有关的词，比如“蛋糕“；一类是中性词，比如“船“。由于每个 词的闪动在瞬间完成，被试者根本看不清楚那个词是什么。 hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words. because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception, not in thinking processes, radel says. 饥饿的人看到与食物有关的词更明亮，且能更好地辨认出与食物有关的 词。由于每个词的闪动太快，其实那些被试者根本不会确切地看到什么，这就 说明：他们只是感觉不同，根本没经过思考。雷戴尔给出了这样的解释。 3 “this is something great to me. humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. from the experiment, i know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs, “ radel says. 雷戴尔说：“这就是重点所在。人类可以真正感知到自身的需要或者为之 奋斗的目标。 该实验使我了解这样的事实， 即我们的大脑是受我们的动机和需 要所支配的。“ 练习： 1. what does the new study mentioned in paragraph 1 find? 第一段提到什么样的新研究？ a hungry people see every word more clearly than ordinary people. b hungry people are always thinking of food-related words. c hungry people are more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people. d hungry people do not have lower-level of thinking process 进程. 2. why was there a delay 延迟 on the day of the experiment? 那天的试验为什么要适迟？ a because hungry people needed time to fill their stomach. b because radel wanted to create two groups of testees, hungry and non-hungry. c because noon was not the right time for any experiment. d because radel needed time to select participants in terms of body mass index. 3. what does the writer want to tell us? 作者想告诉我们什么？ a humans senses arent just delivering a strict view of whats going on in the world. b whats perceived by our senses affects our way of thinking. c human brains can really be at the disposal 支配 of our motives and needs. 人类的大脑是受我们的动机和需要所支配的。 d thinking processes guarantee the normal functions of our senses. 注解： 4. 注意： (1) 绝对原则：答案中有 all, every, only always 等绝对词一般为 不正确，如被否定除外，原文中也有这些词除外)！ 绝对原则主要用于 5. 对错选择 not true, true 4 (2) 相对原则：有 may, might, can could, likely， sometimes， probably some。 但应以查细节的方法为主，相对原则为辅. 虽然 a、 b、 d 选项均可在文中找到对应部分， 但只属于细节.而非主旨， 因此不能选。本文最后一句给出了直接的答案。 4. what did the results of the experiment indicate? 试验结果表明了什么？ a 80 words flashed on the screen too fast for the participant to intentionally perceive. b hungry people were better at identifying neutral words. c people who bad just eaten were better at identifying food-related words. d the participants could barely perceive what they needed or what they strived for. 5. what can we infer from the passage? 从课文里可推断出什？ a 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation. b an experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable. c our thinking processes are independent of our senses. d humans can perceive 感觉 what they need without involving 牵涉 high-level thinking processes 过程. 人们可以感知到他们所需要的，而不用涉及较高层次的思维过程。 答案与题解： 1.c 第一段第二句是本题答案的依据。饥肠辘辘的人只是看 food-related words 比较清楚.选项 c 的句意与上述句子的意思完全一致， 是答案。 选项 a 说的是 every word.所以不是答案。选项 b 和 d 文章中没有提到。 2. b 答案的根据可在第三段找到。radel 为了保证 42 名学生到达实验室时是 空腹，所以要求他们中午到达。然后告诉一部分学生实验时间推迟了，请他们 10 分钟后再来。 他又请另外一部分学生用午餐。 radel 用推迟实验的方法造就 了两组实验者，即饥饿组与饱食组。选项 b 是答案. 3.c 虽然 a、b、d 选项均可在文中找到对应部分，但只属于细节.而非主旨， 因此不能选。本文最后一句给出了直接的答案。 5 4.a 第四段第三行中 consciously 与 a 项中的 intentionally 是同义词。b 项 neutral 意思为“ 中性的” 在本文中的意思是与 food-related 相对的，即“与食 物不相关的” 因此是错误选择： c 项不符合课文原意； d 项 barely 意为“仅仅， 勉强，几乎没有” 因此也不符合句意。 5.d 选项 a 所说的实验样本的大小与本题主旨无关，不是答案，而是干扰项； b、 c 内容也不能直接从短文中推断出来。 选项 d 是答案. 最后一段第二句的 “humans an really perceive what they need or what they strive for”为选择 d 项提 供了依据。 注释： 1.our senses arent just delivering a strict view of in our heads ：这个句子的大 概意思是： 我们的五官感觉不仅仅让我们感知世界； 五官感觉还受大脑活动的 影响。 2.university of nice sophia-antipolis ： 法国尼斯 索菲亚 安提波利斯大学 t 简 称尼斯大学 1965 年经法国政令正式宣布成立。尼斯大学在尼斯市设有 7 处主 校园， 另外， 还在萦菲亚 ， 安提波利斯市( sophia antipolis) 、 戛纳市( cannes) 和芒东市( menton) 设有校区。索菲亚 安提波利斯是位于尼斯市西南侧的科 技园区，是许多高等学府的所在地。 3.body mass index ：身体质量指数 4.at the threshold of：当快要开始时 5.in perception ：感知 6.at the disposal of：受到的控制 when our eyes serve our stomach our senses arent just delivering a strict view of whats going on in the world; theyre affected by whats going on in our heads. a new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people whove just eaten. psychologists have known for decades that whats going on inside our head affects our senses. for example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter, remi radel of university of nice sopbia-antipolis, france, wanted to investigate how this happens. does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brains high-level thinking processes get involved. radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. on the day of his or her rest, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four 6 hours of not eating. then they were told there was a delay. some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. so half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten. for the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. one by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about 1/300th of a second each. they flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. a quarter of the words were food-related. after each word, each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words theyd seen -a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it. hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words. because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception, not in thinking processes, radel says. “this is something great to me. humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. from the experiment, i know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs, “ radel says. 词汇： threshold n. 起点，开端；门槛 disposal n. 处理，处置：配置 neutral adj.中性的；中立的 motive n. 动机，目的 strive v. 努力.力求：斗争 练习： 1. what does the new study mentioned in paragraph 1 find? a hungry people see every word more clearly than ordinary people. b hungry people are always thinking of food-related words. c hungry people are more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people. d hungry people do not have lower-level of thinking process. 2. why was there a delay on the day of the experiment? a because hungry people needed time to fill their stomach. b because radel wanted to create two groups of testees, hungry and non-hungry. c because noon was not the right time for any experiment. d because radel needed time to select participants in terms of body mass index. 7 3. what does the writer want to tell us? a humans senses arent just delivering a strict view of whats going on in the world. b whats perceived by our senses affects our way of thinking. c human brains can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs. d thinking processes guarantee the normal functions of our senses. 4. what did the results of the experiment indicate? a 80 words flashed on the screen too fast for the participant to intentionally perceive. b hungry people were better at identifying neutral words. c people who bad just eaten were better at identifying food-related words. d the participants could barely perceive what they needed or what they strived for. 5. what can we infer from the passage? a 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation. b an experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable. c our thinking processes are independent of our senses. d humans can perceive what they need without involving high-level thinking processes. 第十九篇 musical robot companion enhances listener experience 理工阅读 c 音乐机器人伴侣提升音乐欣赏体验 shimi, a musical companion developed by georgia techs center for music technology, recommends songs, dances to the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listener feedback. the smartphone-enableds, one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive “musical friend“. shimi 是由佐治亚理工大学音乐技术中心研发的一款音乐伴侣。它可以根 据听者的反馈推荐合乎节拍的歌曲、舞蹈；并且不断播放音乐。这款髙 1 英 尺的机器人是由智能手机系统支持的，因此被标榜为“一个可以互动的音乐朋 友“。 8 “shimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music,“ said professor gil weinberg, the robots creator. he will unveil the robot at the june 27th google i/o conference in san francisco. a band of three shimi robots will perform for guests, dancing in sync with music created in the lab and composed according to its movements. gil weinberg 教授是该机器人的发明者，他解释说：“shimi 设计的宗旨 是改变人们欣赏音乐、认识音乐的方式。“他将在今年 6 月 27 日在旧金山的 谷歌 i/o 大会上展示这款机器人。一个由三个机器人组成的乐队将为来宾演 奏，并伴随音乐起舞。而音乐是根据不同的运动形式编制的。 shimi is essentially a docking station with a “brain“ powered by an android phone 安卓手机. once docked, the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the users mobile device. in other words, if theres an “app“ for that, shimi is ready. for instance, by using the phones camera and face-detecting software, shimi can follow a listener around the room and position its “ears“, or speakers, for optimal sound. another recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo. if the user taps a beat, shimi analyzes it, scans the phones musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestions. once the music starts, shimi dances to the rhythm. shimi 实际上是一个扩充基座，它的“大脑“由安卓手机控制。一旦连 接上，机器人便从用户的移动装置获得传感和音乐生成能力。换言之，只要有 应用程序，机器人便能使用。例如，通过手机的照相机和辨认脸型的软件， shimi 就能在房间周围跟踪到听众，然后安置好它的“耳朵“或扬声器，以确保 输送最佳声音。另外一种识别特征是基于节奏和速度。如果用户打出某个（音 乐）拍子，shimi 会对此进行分析，然后浏览手机的音乐库，并立即演奏最符 合要求的音乐。一旦音乐响起来，shimi 就随韵律起舞。 “many people think that robots are limited by their programming instructions,“ said music technology ph. d. candidate mason bretan. “shimi shows us that robots can be creative and interactive.“ future apps in the works will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume. the robot will also have the capability to recommend new music based on the users song choices and provide feedback on the music play list. 9 “许多人认为机器人受到程序指令的限制，而 shiini 给我们展示了机 器人可以具有创造力和与人交互的能力。“音乐技术博士研究生 mason bretan 如是说。 正在研发中的程序将使用户能沟通过摇头或摆手表示不同意， 来提醒 shimi 跳到下一首歌或增减音量。机器人还可根据用户对歌曲的选择 推荐新音乐，并对音乐播放列表提供反馈。 weinberg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps to expand shimis creative and interactive capabilities. “i believe that our center is ahead of a revolution that will see more robots in homes. “weinberg said. weinberg 希望其他研发者会因此获得灵感，开发更多的应用程序，来扩 展 shimi 的创新和交互功能。他说：“我认为我们中心正在引领这场将更多机 器人应用到家庭中去的变革。“ weinberg is in the process of commercializing shimi through an exclusive licensing agreement will georgia tech. weinberg hopes to make the robot available to consumers by the 2013 holiday season. “if robots are going to arrive in homes, we think that they will be this kind of machines- small, entertaining and fun,“ weinberg said. “ they will enhance your life and pave the way for more intelligent service robots in our lives. weinberg 正在通过获得佐治亚理工学院的独家授权来对 shimi 进行商业 推广。 weinberg 希望到 2013 年的节日季消费者可购买到 shimi。 weinberg 说：“如果机器人进入家庭，我们认为就应该是这种类型的机器人：小巧、令 人愉快和有趣， 它们能提高我们的生活质量， 为更多智能服务型机器人进人我 们的生活做好准备。 练习： 1. which of the following is not true according to the first three paragraphs? 根据前三段，下列那一个不是真的？ a shimi is a one-foot tall robot. b shimi is the creator 创作者 of the musical companion. c shimi is a docking 对接 station with a “brain“ powered by an android phone. d shimi can gain the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the users mobile device. 注解：该题为对错选择题，定位较难。得分困难。 10 2.what does shimi do if the user taps a beat? 如果使用打拍子，shimi 会做或什么？ a it stores the beat in the musical library. b it transmits the beat to the docking station. c it positions its speakers for optimal sound. d it selects a perfectly-matched song and plays it in sync 同步 with that beat. 3. which of the following about shimi is true? 关于 shimi，下列那一个不是真的？ a robots are limited by their programming instructions, and shimi is no exception. b present apps allow the user to shake their head to alert shimi to skip to the next song. c existing apps allow the user to wave a band to alert shimi to turn up/down the volume. d shimi can be creative 创造性的 and interactive 人机对话的. 注解：该题为对错选择题，定位较难。 注意： (1) 绝对原则： 答案中有 all, every, only always 等绝对词一般为不正 确，如被否定除外，原文中也有这些词除外)！ 绝对原则主要用于 5. 对错选择 not true, true (2) 相对原则：有 may, might, can could, likely， sometimes， probably some。 但应以查细节的方法为主，相对原则为辅。 4. what does the author want to tell us? 作者想告诉我们什么？ a the research center is developing a stronger and more versatile 多种技能 的 shimi. b weinberg only expects staffs from georgia tech. to develop more apps for shimi. c shimi is not yet technologically ready for commercialization. d robots such as shimi are created for large corporations rather than homes. 5. which of the following is weinbergs assertion 断言? a shimi as a robotic musical companion can be applied to all types of smart 11 phones. b human lives will be filled with more fun if shimi is going to arrive in homes. c shimis creative and interactive capabilities are appreciated by most of its users. d weinberg has reached an agreement with georgia tech to commercialize shimi. 第十九篇 musical robot companion enhances listener experience shimi, a musical companion developed by georgia techs center for music technology, recommends songs, dances to the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listener feedback. the smartphone-enableds, one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive “musical friend“. “shimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music,“ said professor gil weinberg, the robots creator. he will unveil the robot at the june 27th google i/o conference in san francisco. a band of three shimi robots will perform for guests, dancing in sync with music created in the lab and composed according to its movements. shimi is essentially a docking station with a “brain“ powered by an android phone. once docked, the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the users mobile device. in other words, if theres an “app“ for that, shimi is ready. for instance, by using the phones camera and face-detecting software, shimi can follow a listener around the room and position its “ears“, or speakers, for optimal sound. another recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo. if the user taps a beat, shimi analyzes it, scans the phones musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestions. once the music starts, shimi dances to the rhythm. “many people think that robots are limited by their programming instructions,“ said music technology ph. d. candidate mason bretan. “shimi shows us that robots can be creative and interactive.“ future apps in the works will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume. the robot will also have the capability to recommend new music based on the users song choices and provide feedback on the music play list. weinberg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps to expand shimis creative and interactive capabilities. “i believe that our center is ahead of a revolution that will see more robots in homes. “weinberg said, weinberg is in the process of commercializing shimi through an exclusive licensing agreement will georgia tech. weinberg hopes to make the robot available to consumers by the