中医英语考试总结140528-allenlew

2013 级生药学 Allen Lew 总结中医英语考试重点 1，2，3，4，6，7，11，16，17 章的答案（红色部分为重点） 第一课 一术语翻译 1. traditional Chinese medicine; TCM 中医药学 2. basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine 中医基础理论 3. clinical experience 临床经验 4. treatment based on syndrome differentiation 辩证论治 5. miscellaneous diseases 杂病 6. Chinese pharmacy 中药（学)Chinese materia medica 7. four properties and five tastes/flavors 四气五味(cold;hot;warm;coolsour;bitter;sweet;pungent;salty) 五行 five elements 四气 four properties 五味 five flavors 七情 seven emotions 相须 mutual reinforcement 相使 mutual assistance 相畏 mutual restraint 相恶 mutual inhibition 相反 antagonism 相杀 mutual suppression 8. acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox 针灸 9. classical Chinese philosophy 古代中国哲学 10.sweating therapy; diaphoresis 汗法 11. purgation 下法 12. vomiting therapy; emetic therapy 吐法 13. the School of Reinforcing the Earth 补土派 14. etiology 病因学 15. prescription; formula 方剂 16. medical practice 医疗实践 17. therapeutic principles 治疗原则 18. herbs cold and cool in nature 寒凉药物 19. nourishing yin and reducing fire 滋阴降火 20. diseases caused by blood stagnation 淤血致病 中医诊断学 diagnostics of Chinese medicine 治未病 treating disease before its onset 脉诊 pulse diagnosis 本草 (学)materia medica 伤寒论 Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases 症候 syndrome and sign 药性 medicinal property 滋阴降火 nourishing yin and reducing fire 滋阴清热 nourishing yin and clearing away fire 血瘀 blood stasis 攻下派 school of purgation 温补脾胃 warming and tonifying spleen and stomach 天人相应-correspondence between man and nature 阳常有余；阴常不足-Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficiency. 内伤脾胃，百病由生-internal impairment of the spleen and stomach would bring about various diseases. 二句子翻译 1. TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese peoples experience in their struggle against diseases. 中国医药学有数千年的历史，是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结。 2. TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system. 中医学有完整独立的理论体系。 3. TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress, prevention and treatment of diseases.中医学是研究人的生命规律以及疾病的发生、发展和防治规律的一门科学。 4. Huangdis Canon of Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation of theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine. 黄帝内经为中医学理论体系的形成奠定了基础。 5. Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Huangdis Canon of Medicine in many respects, especially in pulse lore. 难经在许多方面，尤其是在脉学上，补充了皇帝内经的不足。 6. Discussion on the Causes and Symptoms of Various Diseases is the earliest extant monograph on the causes and symptoms of diseases in China. 诸病源侯论是中医学最早的一部病因症候学专著。 7. Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient. 阳常有余，阴常不足。 8. Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes various diseases. 内伤脾胃，百病由生。 9. Compendium of Materia Medica is recognized as a monumental work in the history of Chinese materia medica and a great contribution to the development of pharmacology in the world. 本草纲目是中药学史上的不朽著 作，并对世界药学的发展做出了伟大的贡献。 10. Traditional Chinese materia medica includes not only medicinal herbs, but also minerals and animal parts. 中 药不但包含草药，而且包含矿物药和动物药等。 11. In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called four great medical schools. 金元时期出现了后世 称为“ 金元四大家” 的医学流派。 12.Zhang Congzheng believed that all diseases were caused by exogenous pathogenic factors and advocated that pathogenic factors should be driven out by means of diaphoresis, emesis and purgation.张从正认为病由邪生，提 倡汗、吐、下三法驱邪致病。 13. Liu Wansu believed that “fire-heat” was the main cause of a variety of diseases and that these diseases should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature. 刘宗素认为“火热”为主要病因，用药以寒凉为主。 14. Li Gao, entitled with the School of Reinforcing the Earth, emphasized on warming and invigorating the spleen and stomach. 李杲主张治疗疾病以温补脾胃为主，被称为“补土派”。 15. Zhu Danxi advocated the remedies of nourishing yin and reducing fire in treatment of diseases, so he was entitled as the School of Nourishing Yin. 朱丹溪治病以滋阴降火为主，被称为 “养阴派”。 16. Study on Warm Disease is a clinical specialty focusing on the occurrence, progress, diagnosis and treatment of warm diseases. 温病是研究四时温病的发生、发展规律及其诊治方法的一门临床科学。 17. The School of Warm Disease has developed the rules of treatment of warm disease based on syndrome differentiation in light of defensive phase, qi phase, nutritive phase, blood phase and triple energizer. 温病学派创 立了以卫气营血和三焦为核心的温病辨证论治规范。 18. Wang Qingren in the late Qing Dynasty corrected mistakes about anatomy made in ancient medical books and advocated the theory that diseases were caused by blood stagnation. 王清任改正了古医学在人体解剖方面的错 误，并倡导瘀血致病的理论。 19. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has paved a new way for the development and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. 中医学结合为中医的发展与现代化开辟了一条新途径。 20. Great progress has been made in systematic and experimental study of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine. 中医基础理论系统化和实验研究取得了快速的进展。 第二课 一术语翻译 1.five zang-organs; five zang-viscera 五脏 2. six fu-organs 六腑（Extraordinary fu-organs- 奇恒之腑 viseral manifestation-藏象） 3. system of meridians and collaterals 经络系统 4. holism 整体观念 5. organic wholenss 有机整体 6. social attribute 社会属性 7. (of the five zang-organs) open into 开窍 8. sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store 生长化收藏 9. diagnostics 诊断学 10.relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi 邪正关系 11. therapeutics 治疗学 12.common cold due to wind and cold 风寒感冒 13. different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease 同病异治 14. the same therapeutic method used to treat different diseases 异病同治 15. balance of water metabolism 水液代谢平衡 16.clearing away heart fire 清心火 17. nature of disease 疾病本质 18. treating the left side for curing diseases located on the right side 以左治右 19. drawing yang from yin 从阴引阳 20. treating the lower part for curing diseases located on the upper part 病在上者下取之 五脏 five zang-organs 六腑 six fu-organs 经络 meridian and collateral 中西医结合 integration of chinese and western medicine 整体观念 concept of holism 开窍 opening orifices 清心火 clearing heart fire 诊断学 diagnostics 邪正关系 the relation between pathogenic qi and healthy qi 病机 mechanism of disease 发热 fever 恶寒 aversion to cold 虚 deficiency 实 excess 表 exterior 里 interior 风寒 wind-cold 中气下陷 sinking of middle qi 补中益气 tonifying middle and replenishing qi 辛温中草药 pungent-warm medicinal 二句子翻译 1.The theoretical system of TCM is mainly characterized by holism and treatment based on syndrome differentiation.中医理论体系有两个基本特点：一是整体观念，二是辨证论治。 2. TCM believes that the human body is an organic whole.中医学认为人体是一个有机的整体 3. The constituent parts of the human body are interdependent in physiology and mutually influential in pathology. 人体各个组成部分在功能上相互为用，在病理上相互影响 4. The holism permeates through the physiology, pathology, diagnosis, syndrome differentiation and treatment of diseases.整体观念贯穿于中医生理、病理、诊法、辩证和治疗的各个方面。 5. Changes in the natural world directly or indirectly influence the human body.自然界的变化又可以直接或间接 地影响人体。 6. Qi and blood in the human body tend to flow to the exterior in spring and summer and to the interior in autumn and winter.人的气血春夏趋向于表，秋冬趋向里。 7. The heart opens into the tongue and is internally and externally related to the small intestine.心开窍于舌并与小 肠相表里。 8. TCM has noticed that the fact that social activity psychologically influences human beings.中医认识到社会活 动对心理的影响 9. According to TCM, the body and spirit coexist, interacting with each other and influencing each other.中医强调 形神共存，互用并相互影响。 10. Yang qi in the human body tends to flow to the exterior in the daytime and to the interior at night.人体阳气白 天多趋向于表，夜晚多趋向于里。 11. Regional and climatic differences, to some extent, influence the physiological activities of the human body. 地 区气候的差异在一定程度上也影响着人体的生理活动。 12. Syndrome is a generalization of pathological changes at a certain stage during the course of a disease.证是机 体在疾病发展过程中的某一阶段的病理概括。 13. Treatment based on syndrome differentiation, one of the characteristics of TCM, is the basic principle in TCM for understanding and treating diseases.辨证论治是中医认识疾病和治疗疾病的基本原则，也是中医的基本特 点之一。 14. Syndrome includes the location, cause and nature of a disease as well as the state of pathogenic factors and healthy qi.证包括了病变的部位、原因、性质、以及邪正关系。 15. Differentiation of syndrome and treatment of disease are two inseparable aspects in diagnosing and treating diseases.辩证和论治是诊治疾病过程中相互联系不可分割的两个方面。 16. Clinical doctors pay great attention to the differentiation of diseases. But therapeutically they care more about the differentiation of syndromes because diseases can be cured by treating syndromes.临床中医注重辨病，但更 注重辩证，从而通过治证来治疗疾病。 17. Syndrome can comprehensively and accurately reveal the nature of a disease.证能更全面、跟正确的揭示疾 病的本质 18. Different diseases may demonstrate the same syndrome because of the similarity in pathogenesis.不同的疾病 可因相同的病机而出现相同的证。 19. If the syndrome of middle qi sinking appears in two different diseases, they all can be treated by the therapeutic method for elevating middle qi.如果两种疾病表现出相同的中气下陷证，就均可用升提中气的方 法治疗。 20. The treatment of diseases in TCM does not only simply concentrate on the difference or similarity of diseases, but on the difference or similarity of pathogenesis.中医治病不是单纯注重病之异同，而是病机之异同。 第三课 一术语翻译 1. philosophical concept 哲学概念 2. mutual transformation 相互转化 3. balance of yin and yang 阴平阳秘 4. transformation between yin and yang 阴阳转化 5. extreme cold turning into heat 寒极生热 6. pathological changes 病理变化 7. absolute predominance 绝对偏盛 8. general rule of pathogenesis 病机总纲 9. supplementing what it lacks of/the insufficient 补其不足 10. eliminating/expel/dispel wind and dispersing cold 祛风散寒 11. mutually waning and waxing 相互消长 12. mutually inhibiting and restraining 相互制约 13. interdependence 相互依存 14. excessive yin leading to disorder of yang 阴盛则阳病 15. contrary and supplementary to each other 相反相成 16. organic whole 有机整体 17. impairment of yang involving yin 阳损及阴 18. deficiency of both yin and yang 阴阳两虚 19. deficiency cold syndrome 虚寒证 20. suppressing yang and eliminating wind 潜阳熄风 excess heat syndrome-实热证 Imbanlance between yin and yang -阴阳失衡 internal and external-表里 the essence and the blood sharing the source-精血同源 Relative prediminance and decline of yin and yang-阴阳偏盛衰 水火者，阴阳之征兆也-water and fire are the symbols of yin and yang 实则泻之，虚则补之-treating excess syndromes with reduction,treating deficiency syndromes with reinforcement/complementation 重阴必阳,重阳必阴-extreme yin turns into yang,extreme yang turns into yin. 阴盛则阳病-Yin in excess causing disorder of yang./excessive yin causing yang disease. 孤阴不生，独阳不长-solitary yin or yang fails to live and grow. 阴损及阳，阳损及阴-yin deficiency involving yang, yang deficiency inpairment involving yin. 阴在内，阳之守也；阳在外，阴之使也-Yin in the interior is the material basis for yang,while yang in the exterior is the functional activity for yin. 阴阳者，天地之道也，万物之纲纪，变化之父母，生杀之本始，神明之府也。-yin and yang are the law of nature and earth, the rule of all things,the source of all changes,the origin of life and death,and the residence of spirit. 寒极生热，热极生寒-extreme cold brings on heat,extreme heat brings on cold. 益火之源，以消阴翳-restaining predominance yin by reinforcing yang. 善医者，必先察色按脉，以别阴阳。-A skilled doctor,first of all,differentiates between yin and yang when observing the complexion and feeling the pulse. 物生谓之化，物极谓之变-Sprout of things signifies transformation while extreme development of things indicates final change. 天气轻清故属阳，地气重浊故属阴-The celestial qi pertains to yang because it is light and lucid, while the terrestrial qi pertains to yin because it is heavy and turbid. 阴阳对立 opposition of yin and yang 阴阳相互转化 yin-yang conversion 重阴必阳 extreme yin turning into yang 寒极生热 extreme cold generating heat 功能属阳，物质属阴 the function pertains to yang while substance to yin 升降出入 ascending,descending,exiting and entering 阴阳互根 mutual rooting of yin and yang 孤阳不生，独阴 不长 solitary yang failing to grow,solitary yin failing to increase 阴阳离绝，精气乃绝 if yin and yang separate from each other,essential qi will be exhausted 阴盛则阳病 predominant yin making yang disorder 阴胜则阳病 predominance of yin leading to disorder of yang 阴阳消长 waning and waxing of yin and yang 阴阳平衡 yin- yang balance 阴盛 yin exuberance 阴平阳秘，精神乃治 only when yin is at peace and yang is compact can essence-spirit be normal 阴阳失调 yin-yang disharmony 阴盛阳衰 exuberance yin and declined yang 实热证 excess heat syndrome 阴阳偏盛（衰）abnormal exuberance(debilitation)of yin or yang 虚者补之 treating deficiency with tonification 酸苦涌泄为阴 sour and bitter with emetic and purgative effects pertaining to yang 淡味渗泄为阳 bland taste with dampness-excreting and diuretic effects pertaining to yang 二句子翻译 1. Yin and yang are two concepts in classical Chinese philosophy.阴阳中国古代哲学的一对范畴。 2. Yin and yang are the summarization of the attributes of two opposite aspects of interrelated things or phenomena in nature.阴阳是自然界相互关联的某些事物和现象对立双方的概括。 3. The formation, development and changes of all things in the universe are the result of the movement of yin and yang that oppose to each other and unite with each other.宇宙间一切事物的发生、发展和变化都是阴阳对立矛 盾运动的结果。 4. The celestial qi pertains to yang because it is light and lucid, while the terrestrial qi pertains to yin because it is heavy and turbid.天气轻清故属阳，地气重浊故属阴。 5. The course of mutual restraint and inhibition between yin and yang signifies/indicates their process in mutual reduction and promotion.阴阳相互制约的过程就是相互消长的过程。 6. Yin cannot exist alone without yang and vice versa.没有因也就无以言阳，没有阳亦无以言阴。 7. Separation of yin and yang results in exhaustion of essence qi.阴阳离绝，经气乃绝。 8. Only through constant reduction, growth and balance can the normal development of things be maintained.只有 不断的消长平衡，才能推动事物的发展。 9. Under given conditions, either yin or yang may transform into its counterpart.在一定条件下，那样可以各自向 其反得方向发展。 10. Sprout of things signifies transformation while extreme development of things indicates final change.物生谓之 化，物极谓之变。 11. Yin and yang are indispensable for the physical shape of the human body.人生有形，不离阴阳。 12. Functions pertain to yang while substances to yin.功能属于阳，物质属于阴。 13. If yin and yang fail to promote each other and are thus separated from each other, it will lead to the end of life. 如果阴阳不能相互为用而分离，人的生命也就终止了。 14. No matter how complicated the pathological changes of a disease are, they are nothing more than relative predominance of yin or yang.无论疾病的病理变化如何复杂，都不外乎阴阳的偏盛偏衰。 15. The so-called healthy qi refers to the structure and functions of the body, including body resistance against diseases.正气指整个机体的结构与功能，包括人体对疾病的抵抗力。 16. If any part of the body, either yin or yang, becomes deficient to a certain extent, it will inevitably lead to insufficiency of the other part.机体阴阳的任何一方虚损到一定程度，必然导致另一方的不足 17. Imbalance between yin and yang is the intrinsic factor responsible for the occurrence and progress of a disease.疾病发生、发 展的内在原因在于阴阳失调。 18. The manifestations of complexion can tell whether a disease pertains to yin or yang in nature.从色泽的明暗， 可以辨别病情的阴阳属性。 19. The basic therapeutic principle is to supplement insufficiency and reduce excess.治疗的基本原则是补其不足， 泄其有余。 20. Only when appropriate herbs are chosen can excellent therapeutic effects be ensured.只有选用适用的药物， 才能收到良好的疗效。 第四课 一术语翻译 1. the doctrine of five elements; the theory of five phases 五行学说 2. free development 条达舒畅 3. to be generated and to generate 生我，我生 4. restraint in/within generation 生中有制 5.Wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally/bending and straightening. 木曰曲直 6.Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping. 土爰稼穑 7. Water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing. 水曰润下 8. over restriction and counter-restriction 相乘相侮 9. Wood over restricts earth because it is deficient. 土虚木乘 10. generation, restriction, inhibition and transformation 生克制化 11. disorder of a mother-organ involving its child-organ 母病及子 12. insufficiency of essence and blood in the liver and kidney 肝肾精血不足 13. blood deficiency in the heart and liver 心肝血虚 14. exuberant fire in the heart 心火亢盛 15. insufficiency of liver yin 肝阴不足 16. declination of kidney yang 肾阳式微 17. weakness/deficiency of the spleen and stomach 脾胃虚弱 18. suppressing the liver and harmonizing the stomach 平肝和胃 19. insufficiency of kidney yin 肾阴不足 20. discordance between water and fire 水火不济 木曰曲直 wood characterized by bending and straightening 火曰炎上 fire characterized by flaring up 土爰稼穑 earth characterized by sowing and reaping 金曰丛革 metal characterized by changing 水曰润下 water characterized by moistening and descending 生化 generation and transformation 木辱金 wood counter-restricting metal 木为金之所胜 wood being restricted by mental 木为土之所不胜 wood being un-restricted by earth 木喜条 达 wood preferring free activity 火为阳 fire pertaining to yang 土不制水 earth failing to control water 水生土 water generating wood 木克土 wood restricting earth 肝喜条达恶抑郁 liver prefers to act freely and dislikes depression 肝藏血 二句子翻译 1.Wood, fire, earth, metal and water are the five most essential materials indispensable to human existence. 木、 火、土、金、水是不可缺少的五种最基本的物质。 2. The formation of the theoretical system of TCM was deeply influenced by the doctrine /theory of five elements. 中医理论体在形成过程中，受到古代五行学说的深刻影响。 3. Water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing.水具有滋润和向下的特性。 4. The liver pertains to wood because it controls elevation.肝主升而归属于土 5. The spleen pertains to earth because it controls transportation and transformation.脾主运化而归属于木 6. The kidney pertains to water because it controls water/fluid metabolism.肾主水而归属于水 7. Restriction implies that one thing brings under control or restraint of the others growth and function.相克是指 以事物对另事物的生长和功能具有抑制和制约的作用 8.Since wood generates fire, wood is the generator of fire; since fire generates/engenders earth, fire is the generator/producer of earth.木生火， ，生我者为木；火生土，我生者为土。 9. Subjugation/Over restriction means to launch a violent attack when a counterpart is weak.相乘即以强凌弱的意 思。 10. When wood is too strong/excessive, it will over restrict the spleen and counter-restrict metal.木过强时，既可 以乘脾，又可以侮金。 11. Since the heart yang can warm the body, it pertains to fire.心阳有温煦之功能，故心属火。 12. The liver stores blood to supplement the heart.肝藏血以济心 13. The kidney stores essence to nourish blood in the liver.肾藏精以滋养肝的阴血 14. The idea that the disorder of a child-organ attacks the mother-organ mean