艾滋病分析及介绍PPT演示课件

.,1,AIDS,.,2,What is AIDS ？,HIVis the acronym(缩写) for the human immunodeficiency (免疫缺陷) virus. HIV is classified (分类的) as a retrovirus (病毒) , a type of virus which replicates (复制) within a host cell by hijacking its genetic machinery (机械) in order to make multiple (多重的) copies of itself.AIDSis the acronym for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (综合征) and is the stage of HIV infection (感染) where a persons immune (免疫) system is fully compromised (妥协的) , leaving the body open to a wide range of potentially (潜在的) deadly diseases.,Acquired ImmuneDeficiency Syndrome,.,3,3,In India has replaced South Africa, a country with the largest number of HIV infections,.,4,4,the actual number of people infected with the virus has reached eight hundred and fifty thousand.,.,5,1.Mother-to-child transmission,Through the placenta, genital tract and lactation propagation,.,6,Why is AIDS so terrible?,There is not able to cure AIDS drugs , have developed some of the drug can only to a certain extent to alleviate the symptoms of AIDS patients and to extend the life of the patients,.,7,The spread of AIDS way,1. Mother-to-child transmission2. Sexually transmitted3. Blood spread4.blood-borne 5.the spread of shared needles 6.found a new way,.,8,2. Sexually transmitted,Through the opposite sex or sex propagation,.,9,3. Blood spread.,the same syringe drugs, input containing the AIDS virus blood and products, etc Through the Shared no disinfection of syringe and needle inject drugs, input contains the AIDS virus blood or blood products, use or without disinfection disinfection is lax of various medical equipment,.,10,Susceptible,1, including gay men, bisexual2. Drug addicts3. Hemophiliacs 4. Those who received blood or blood products 5. Sexual relations with high-risk groups in 6. AIDS and other high-risk population,易感人群1.男性同性恋者包括双性恋者2吸毒者3.血友病患者4接受输血或血液制品者5与高危人群有性关系者6艾滋病的其他高发人群,.,11,World Health Organization (WHO) recognized December 1st as the World AIDS Days. 世界卫生组织将12月1日定为世界艾滋病日,Red ribbon meaning: red ribbon like a link, will the people of the world together tightly, common to fight HIV/AIDS, which symbolizes us to AIDS patients and HIV care and support; A symbol of our love and lifes desire for peace; We want to use the symbol of heart to participate in the HIV prevention work. 红丝带标志的意义：红丝带像一条纽带，将世界人民紧紧联系在一起，共同抗击艾滋病，它象征着我们对艾滋病病人和感染者的关心与支持；象征着我们对生命的热爱和对和平的渴望；象征着我们要用“心”来参与预防艾滋病的工作。,.,12,2001 I care, and You? “你我同参与”2003 Live, let Live “相互关爱，共享生命” 2008 stop AIDS, keep the promise “遏制艾滋 履行承诺”2009 Universal Access and Human Rights “普遍可及和人权”2010 Keep the light on H and human rights “正视艾滋，重视权益，点亮反歧视之光”2011 Getting to Zero “行动起来，向零艾滋迈进”,.,13,When it comes to HIV prevention, the question that most people will ask is: Can I get HIV from BLANK? The truth is there remains a lot of misconceptions about HIV transmissionoften underestimating, but sometimes even overestimating potential risk., 在艾滋病毒预防、大多数人会问的问题是:“我可以从空白获得艾滋病毒吗?“事实是仍然有很多误解HIV transmission-often低估,但有时甚至高估了潜在风险。,.,14,HIV Prevention: A 7-Step Plan to Reduce Risk,.,15,1. Know the Difference Between High and Low Risk Activities,Whenever discussing HIV risk, its important to first establish the four conditions that must take place in order for HIV transmission to occur:,There must be body fluids in which HIV can thrive.There must be a route of transmission by which body fluids are exchanged.There must be a means for the virus to reach vulnerable cells inside your body.There must be sufficient levels of virus in the body fluids.,每当讨论艾滋病毒风险,重要的是要首先建立的四个条件必须为了让艾滋病毒传播发生:必须有体液,艾滋病毒可以茁壮成长。必须有一个交换体液传播途径。必须有一个对病毒到达体内容易被病毒感染的细胞。必须有足够的体液中的病毒水平。,.,16,2. Take PrEP to Reduce Your Risk of Getting HIV,Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a prevention strategy wherein the daily use of a single antiretroviral pill can significantly reduce a persons risk of getting HIV. In 2010, theiPrEx Studyexamined the use of PrEP among 2,499 HIV-seronegative MSM.The large, multi-country trial found that the daily oral use ofTruvada (tenofovir + emtricitabine)reduced HIV transmission risk by 44%.Among 51% of the trial participants with detectable levels of Truvada in the bloodmeaning those who had taken their medication as directedthe risk of infection was reduced by 68%.,暴露前预防(预科)是一种预防策略在日常使用单一的抗逆转录病毒药物可以显著降低一个人的感染HIV的风险。2010年,iPrEx研究了预科2499名MSM HIV-seronegative的使用。大,多国试验发现,每日口服使用的特鲁瓦达Truvada(替诺福韦+ emtricitabine)艾滋病毒传播的风险减少了44%。在51%的水平检测的试验参与者特鲁瓦达Truvada的血即那些吃药的指示感染的风险降低了68%。 。,.,17,3. Avoid Common Condom Mistakes,There is no reason to be lax when it comes to condoms. Condoms are still the best, proven method for HIV prevention short of complete abstinence. And despite what some might tell you, the main reason that condoms fail is not because of the condom, but because of incorrect and/or inconsistent use. Ultimately, safer sex means using a condom consistently each and every time you engage in sexual activities.,没有理由松懈时,避孕套。避孕套仍然是最好的,证明方法预防艾滋病毒的完整的禁欲。尽管有些人可能会告诉你,避孕套失败的主要原因不是因为避孕套,但由于不正确的使用和/或不一致。最终,安全性行为意味着持续使用避孕套每一次你从事性活动。,.,18,4. Use HIV Therapy to Reduce Your Infectivity,Treatment as Prevention (TasP) is an evidence-based approach by which HIV-infected persons with an undetectable viral load are far less likely to transmit the virus to other. Studies have shown that an HIV-infected person on successful antiretroviral therapy is up to 96% less likely to infect a partner in a mixed-status relationship. While TasP was initially seen as an advocacy tool when first introduced in 2006 (by Dr. Julio Montaner of the British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS), it was only in 2010 that evidence from the HTPN 052 Trial suggested that it could be implemented as a public health measure to reduce transmission rates from a population-based perspective.,治疗作为预防(TasP)是一个以证据为基础的方法,感染艾滋病毒的人与一个检测不到病毒载量不太可能传播病毒。研究表明,成功的抗逆转录病毒治疗艾滋病毒感染者是96%不太可能感染mixed-status关系的合作伙伴。尽管TasP最初视为一个宣传工具在2006年首次引入时(Julio博士褐煤的不列颠哥伦比亚省卓越中心艾滋病毒/艾滋病),直到2010年,HTPN 052试验的证据表明,它可以作为公共卫生措施实现从以人群为基础的角度降低传染率。,.,19,5. Act Fast If Youve Been Exposed to HIV,If you believe you may have been exposed to HIV, either through unprotected sex or other high-risk activities, there are medications that can greatly reduce the risk of infection called post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Research has shown that PEP can reduce the risk of HIV by up to 81% if started as soon as possible after exposure. So the bottom line is to seek immediate attention.Do not wait.The moment an exposure occurs, go to your nearest emergency room or walk-in clinic. Do not wait until the morning to call your doctor.,如果你相信你可能接触过艾滋病病毒,通过无保护措施的性行为或其他高风险的活动,有药物可以大大减少感染的风险称为接触后预防(PEP)。研究表明,PEP能减少81%的HIV病毒的风险,如果暴露后尽快开始。所以底线是寻求立即的关注。不要等待。那一刻发生接触,去你最近的急诊室或简易诊所。不要等到早上才打电话给你的医生。,.,20,6. Learn How to Safely Conceive a Child,Nearly half of all HIV-affected couples are serodiscordant, meaning that one partner is HIV-positive while the other is HIV-negative. With major advances in antiretroviral therapy, serodiscordant couples have far greater opportunities to conceive than everenabling pregnancy while minimizing the risk of transmission to the uninfected partner.,将近一半的艾滋感染夫妇serodiscordant,这意味着一方是hiv阳性,而另一个是阴性。与主要的抗逆转录病毒治疗的进步,serodiscordant夫妇怀孕的机会要远远大于ever-enabling怀孕同时最小化的风险传染给伴侣。,.,21,7. Prevent Passing HIV from Mother to Child,Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (pMTCT) encompasses all stages of pregnancy, from antenatal to postnatal care. Key to its success is early intervention. With appropriate perinatal care, including the provision of antiretroviral therapy for both mother and child, the risk of transmission is now less than 2%